garaarcQSttSQgQKmsasraccora 



| LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. $ 

I Chap. „ti&_3-$2-J - f 

: /S^i? $ 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. | 






BILLS OF MORTALITY, 

1810-1849, 
CITY OF BOSTON. 



AN ESSAY 



VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON 



FROM 1810 TO 1841. 



LEMUEL SHATTUCK. 




BOSTON: 
PRINTED FOR THE REGISTRY DEPARTMENT. 

18 9 3. 



& 









** 



■ r 



3 



■fc 



1 — i r 



INTKODUCTION. 



Among the papers preserved in the City Registrar's office, is a 
volume prepared by Samuel A. Hewes, Superintendent of Burial 
Grounds. It contains copies of the annual returns of deaths in 
Boston from 1810 to 1849, at which later date the Registrar's de- 
partment was established, and the system of more extended annual 
reports began. 

As these old Bills of Mortality are practically inaccessible, 
being originally published merely as broad-sides, copied for a day 
into the newspapers, it has seemed desirable to reprint them, on 
the supposition that statistics of -this kind have a value increased 
by their continuity over considerable periods. 

As the volume here printed was the only official copy, though 
evidently compiled after 1849, it seemed proper to follow its 
figures despite obvious small errors. The tables have however 
been collated with the printed copies annually issued and correc- 
tions made in the tables of diseases. For more exact comparison 
reference may be had to the following named publications. 

These tables are printed in the Collections of the Massachusetts 
Historical society as follows : 

for 1816 in 2nd Series Vol. VII. pp. 134-5. 

Total 904. Note that 10 of the deaths from malignant 
fever occurred at the Hospital, Rainsford island. 

for 1817 in 2nd Series, Vol. VIII. pp. 40-41. 

Total 907. Note, there were 5 deaths at Rainsford 
island, and 173 at the Alms House. 

for 1818 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. pp. 278-9. 

" 1819 k ' do do p. 280. 

Note, Total 789, to which are added those buried from 
the Alms House and the town's poor 192 

still born 89 

In all 1070 



iv Introduction. 

for 1820 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. p. 281. 

'• 1821 " do do pp. 282-3. 

Note, total 1420, of which at Rainsford's island were 9 
of yellow fever and 2 of chronic diarrhoea. 

» 1822 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. pp. 283-4. 

" 1823 " 

u J324 » 

" 1825 " 

» 1826 tk 

» 1827 " 

" 1828 " 

•« 1829 " 

" 1830 " 

" 1831 " 

« 1832 " 

'• 1833 " 

" 1834 « 

" 1835 k ' 

" 1836 " 

" 1837 •• 

For the years 1821, 1825, 1836, and 1839-1848 inclusive, copies 
of the annual broad-side are preserved in this office. 

June 25, 1849, the office of City Registrar was created by or- 
dinance and Artemas Simonds was appointed on July 12th. His 
first report gives the statistics for 1849 ; and they have been con- 
tinued for each year since, excepting for the years 1860 and 1861. 

For those years the records show the following figures — 

1860, 5895 births ; 2530 marriages ; 4390 deaths 
1861,5824 « ; 2172 " ; 3965 " 

1862, 5345 lt ; 2141 " ; 4120 " 



do 


do pp. 


284-5. 


do 


do pp. 


, 285-6. 


do 


Vol. IV. 


p. 323. 


do 


do 


p. 324. 


do 


do 


p. 325. 


do 


do 


p. 326. 


do 


do 


p. 327. 


do 


do 


p. 328. 


do 


do 


p. 329. 


do 


do 


p. 330. 


do 


Vol. V. 


p. 288. 


do 


do 


p. 289. 


do 


do 


p. 290. 


do 


Vol. VI, 


, p. 285 


do 


Vol. VTI 


. p. 284 



It should be noted that the figures for 1862 do not agree with 
the printed report, as births and marriages both continue to be 
received, recorded and numbered for every year, after the begin- 
ning of the next year. The statistics of all the printed reports of 
this department seem to require this very essential correction. An 
examination of the State Reports on Registration shows various 
discrepancies in regard to figures relating to Boston. Perhaps 
accuracy is not essential in such matters, but the inaccuracies are 
not svstematic. 



Introduction. v 

No comments have been made by me on these Bills of Mortality. 
Fortunately a very full discussion of the subject was made in 1841 
by Lemuel Shattuck, a gentleman of conspicuous ability, whose 
' Report to the City Council on the Census of Boston,' in 1845, 
placed him at the head of our local statisticians. 

As his pamphlet on the Bills of Mortality, covering the period 
from 1811 to 1841, is seldom obtainable, it has seemed that 
its reproduction would greatly increase the value of the present 
volume. 

Of course in a literal reprint of Mr. Shattuck's work, there was 
no room for corrections. But it may be proper to state that since 
he wrote, in 1841, his comments on the condition of our records, 
much labor has been expended on the old books. Mr. Apollonio, 
for so many years City Registrar, caused indexes to be prepared 
of all the records in his charge. He also did much towards the 
preservation and arrangement of the old papers which remained in 
the office. The present Registrar has been directed to prepare con- 
solidated and classified indexes of Boston Births, Marriages and 
Deaths, and the work is half completed. 

Moreover the Record Commissioners, since 1875, have collected 
transcripts of the records of all the Protestant churches in Boston, 
established before 1800, and these volumes are now in the Regis- 
trar's office. It will be seen that the City of Boston has been 
ready to avail of all sources to fill up the deplorable gaps in its 
records of vital statistics. Much remains to be done, and it is 
hoped that some law will be enacted, authorizing the copying of 
family records of undoubted authenticity. It seems reasonable to 
think that the census, taken every five years alternately by the 
national and state governments, might be utilized so as to allow 
an official record to be made of all families residing in the cit} T , at 
least in respect to the births of all persons living here. 

I feel it my duty to repeat on every occasion that the births in 
Boston between 1744 and 1849 are practically lacking. If the 
persons now living, who were born here prior to 1849, will have the 
kindness to bring in the evidences before it is too late, the} 7 will 
confer a favor on this office. 

W. H. WHITMORE, 

City Registrar. 

Bostox, Oct. 1, 1893. 



BILLS OF MORTALITY, 

1810-1849, 
CITY OF BOSTON. 



THE 



VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON; 



CONTAINING 



AN ABSTRACT OF THE BILLS OF MORTALITY 



FOR THE LAST TWENTY-NINE YEARS, 



A GENERAL VIEW OF THE POPULATION AND HEALTH OF 
THE CITY AT OTHER PERIODS OF ITS HISTORY. 



LEMUEL SHATTUCK 



Extracted from the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, April, 1841. 



PHILADELPHIA : 
LEA & BLANCHARD. 

1841. 



ON THE 



VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON. 



The oldest book of records of births in Boston was commenced in 1639, and 
contains some of the marriages, births, and deaths of the previous years, as 
early as 1630, and of the subsequent years, as late as 1663. This book also 
contains the births in several towns in Middlesex county, previous to its or- 
ganization in 1647, and of Suffolk county, then including the present county 
of Norfolk, until 1663. Another volume embracing the period from 1663 
to 1689, appears to have been lost ; but a volume containing the records of 
births only from the earliest entries until 1689, copied from the oldest book, 
and the one supposed to have been lost, is still preserved. The next volume 
of records of births extends from 1689 to 1744, the next from 1744 to 1819. 
The last comprises but few pages. The records appear to have been very 
irregularly and imperfectly kept after about 1750, and some whole years have 
recently occurred in which very few records of this kind were made. During 
the quarter ending Dec. 31, 1838, one birth only was recorded. In some 
instances the births of one year are placed together in alphabetical order, in 
others those of several years are placed together in the same manner. 

The marriages prior to 1663, were recorded in the oldest book with the 
births and deaths. From that time to 1689, the records of marriages are lost. 
Since then they are contained in five volumes. The 1st extends from 1689 
to 1720 ; the 2d from 1720 to 1751 ; the 3d from 1761 to 1807 ; the 4th 
from 1807 to 1828 ; and the 5th from 1828 to the present time, though not 
in consecutive, annual order. No records are preserved of the marriages 
from 1663 to 1689, or from 1751 to 1761, and it is believed that very many 
1 



xii Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

occurred in nearly all the years which have not been recorded. Great care- 
lessness and negligence prevails with some clergymen and magistrates in 
keeping the records, and in making the returns. The " intentions of mar- 
riage " are preserved in twelve volumes, extending from 1707 to the present 
time. Those from 1818 to 1823, are lost. 

The records of death* are made with the births and marriages prior to 1663. 
From that time until 1689 they are lost. From 1689 to 1719 they are pre- 
served in a separate volume ; and from that time till 1810 very few deaths 
are recorded, and such as ai*e, appear in the volume with the births. 

None of these volumes of records, either of births, marriages, or deaths, 
are provided with indexes; and a search for a fact concerning the personal 
history of an individual — the only object for which they are valuable — is 
attended with great labor, and is often fruitless even when the desired fact is- 
recorded. The records are so imperfect, that no general results of any value 
in statistics, to determine the law of population, or of mortality, could be 
drawn from any abstract which we could make. It is much to be regretted 
that our system of registration is such, that we cannot present, in any period 
of our history, an accurate account of the number of births and marriages. 
We hope to see a system of registration soon adopted, which will supply 
all existing deficiencies.* 

From 1701 to 177-1, the keepers of the several burying-grounds made 
returns once a week of the number of deaths in Boston, specifying the 
whites and blacks separately, but not their ages. The number of baptisms 
was also returned by the several clergymen. Both were published in the 
newspapers from 1731 to 1774. From these returns an annual statement 
was compiled and published. We have collected these annual statements, 
and arranged them with that of the population, in a table, {see Table I,) 
which exhibits some important information in regard to the health and con- 
dition of the town during that period. These returns may be relied on 
with considerable confidence, as being very nearly correct. The population 
of Boston was estimated at the beginning of the last century to have been 
about 6,750, and the annual deaths to be 230 — one in 19.3, or 3.4 per 
cent. The deaths from 1705 to 1714, inclusive, were 3,341, and from 
1715 to 1724, 4,350, giving an annual average of about 1 in 24, or 4.09 
per cent. I have estimated the population in the period from 1725 to 
1734, according to two enumerations, one taken in 1722, the other in 1735. 
The census was taken in 1742, in 1752, and in 1765, which forms the basis 
of the estimation in the other periods mentioned. It will be perceived that 

* The author of this article has obtained a knowledge of the different systems of regis- 
tration of births, deaths, and marriages in use in Europe, and lie has prepared one which, 
seemed to him best adapted to the institutions of our own country. He has been solicited 
to bring it before the state legislatures for adoption. 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston, 



Boston contained more population from 1740 to 1745, than at any other 
period before the revolution. 

Table I, showing the progress of the population in Boston, for the fifty years from 1724 
to 1774 divided into periods of 10 years each. 



In regard to 


1725-1734 


1735-1744 


1745-1754 


1755-1764 


1765-1774 

14672 


Population. — White . 


11900 


14750 


14190 


14390 


Black . 


1100 


1250 


1541 


1241 


848 


Total . 


13000 


16000 


15731 


15631 


15520 


Average annual Baptisms 


528 


578 


474 


413 


443 


Population to 1 baptism 


24 


28 


33 


38 


35 


Deaths to 100 baptisms . 


77 


82 


123 


107 


104 


Average annual Deaths. — 












Whites . 


407 


479 


585 


444 


462 


Blacks . 


95 


91 


86 


70 


59 


Both 


502 


570 


671 


514 


521 


White population to 1 death 


29 


30 


24 


36 


31 


Deaths in 100 white popula- 












tion 


3.42 


2.99 


4.12 


3.08 


3.16 


Black population to 1 death 


12 


14 


IS 


18 


14 


Deaths in ] 00 black popula- 












tion 


8.68 


7.28 


5.58 


5.64 


6.95 


Whole population to 1 death 


26 


28 


23 


34 


30 


Deaths to 100 whole popula- 












tion 


3.86 


3.56 


4.26 


3.28 


3.35 


Baptisms to 100 deaths . 


129 


120 


81 


93 


95 



It was customary, at that early period, to baptize nearly all the infants, 
"but toward the last part of the time, embraced in the table, the practice began 
to be neglected. The returns of baptisms should not, therefore, be taken as 
a complete return of the births. We made an attempt to obtain the number 
of marriages, but the records are so imperfect it was abandoned. 

It will be perceived, by comparing this table with others directly to be 
presented, that the mortality in Boston was much higher then than at the 
present time. The lowest mortality was in 1755 to 1764, being 514 — 
one in 34, or 3.24 per cent, of the population, annually; the highest was in 
1745 to 1754, being 671 — one in 23, or 4.26 per cent. This is just double 
the mortality, which prevailed in 1826 to 1835, being then only 2.13 
per cent. The lowest mortality in any single year was 407, or 1 in 38, in 
1763 ; the highest 909, or 1 in 14, in 1730, and 1009, or 1 in 15, in 1752. 

The mortality of the black, was much greater than that of the white 
population. In the first period mentioned in the table, it was as low as at 
any time. One in 18, or 5.64 per cent, of the black population, died, show- 
ing a difference of 2.56 per cent., as compared with the mortality of the 
whites. The highest mortality among the blacks was in 1725 to 1734, 
being 1 in 12, or 8.64 per cent. These are very striking facts, but are 
accounted for, in some measure, by the prevalence of the small-pox and 
other epidemics, which often visited the town at that time, and which seem 
to have been peculiarly fatal to the black population. 



xiv Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

The Small- Pox prevailed in Boston as an epidemic in 1649, 1666, 1678,. 
1690, and 1702. It is said to have been very fatal in 1678, but we have no 
particular account of the number of its victims. In 1702, 302 died of this dis- 
ease, being about 44 per 1000 of the inhabitants. In 1721, the disease broke 
out with great violence ; and 5759 persons (more than half the inhabitants,) 
had it the natural way, of whom 844, or 1 in 7 died. Inoculation was then, 
for the first time, introduced, but not without great opposition. Two hundred 
and forty-seven were inoculated, of whom 6, or 1 in 42 died. Mather, who 
wrote an account of the epidemic at that time, says that " Cats had a regu- 
lar small-pox, and died of it ; " and that " pigeons and dunghill fowls did not 
lay nor hatch " during the prevalence of the disorder ! In 1730, it has been 
estimated that 4,000 cases occurred, of which about one-tenth were by inoc- 
ulation. Of these about 500 died. 

In 1752, the disease appeared again in Boston, and became very fatal. 
The town then contained 15,684 inhabitants ; of these 5,998 were supposed 
to have had the disease. One thousand eight hundred and forty-three re- 
moved out of town. All the remainder, except 174, had the disease by 
inoculation, or the natural way. We have compiled the following statement, 
to illustrate the prevalence of the disease at this period : — 



Persons. 


Natural. 


Inoculated. 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio'per 
1000 

12 
43 
14 


Whites . 
Black . 
Both 


5060 

485 

5545 


470 

69 

539 


92 
142 

97 


1985 

139 

2124 


24 

6 

30 



It appears from this statement, that the liability to death by this disease 
among the blacks, was about 50 per cent, greater than among the whites, 
when taken in the natural way ; and more than three times as great, when 
taken by inoculation. The deaths took place in the different months of the 
year, as follows : — 



Month. 


Natural. 


Inoculated. 


Total. 


Whites. 


Blacks. 


Whites. 


Blacks. 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

Total 


1 

2 
2 

20 

205 

203 

31 

5 

1 


1 

39 

20 

8 

1 


20 
4 


6 


1 

2 

2 

47 

248 

223 

39 

<; 
l 


470 


69 


24 


6 


5(19 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



In the twenty days, beginning May 19, there were 220 deaths, averaging 
10 per day. On the 1st June, 25 took place. 

This disease occurred again in 1764, in 1776, in 1778, and in 1792. The 
following statement exhibits its ravages in the last named period. The town 
then contained about 18,000 inhabitants, of whom 10,655 were supposed 
to have had the disease, 262 removed out of town, and 221 only remained un- 
affected, liable to the disease. The rest had it. The cases by the natural 
way, and by inoculation, were as follow : — 



Persons. 

White 
Black 
Both 


Natural. 


Inoculated. 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio per 
1000 


214 

18 

232 


27 

6 

33 


125 
333 
141 


SNlU 

348 
9152 


157 

7 
165 


17 
20 
18 



The following table exhibits a view of the disease at every period of its 
appearance in Boston, after 1720 : — 







Deaths 


Ratio per 1000 of 
the population. 


Natural. 


Inoculated. 


Year. 


Cases. 


Sick. 


Died. 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio 

per 1000 


Cases. 


Deaths. 


Ratio 
per 1000 


1721 
1730 
1752 
1764 
1776 
1778 
1792 


6006 
4000 
7669 
5646 
5292 
2243 
8346 


850 
500 
569 
170 
57 
61 
198 


546 
266 
489 
364 
441 
166 
460 


77 
33 
36 
11 
10 
4 
10 


5759 
3600 
5545 
669 
304 
122 
232 


844 

488 

539 

124 

29 

42 

33 


148 

135 
97 

185 
95 

344 

142 


247 
400 
2124 
4977 
4988 
2121 
8114 


6 

12 
30 
46 
18 
29 
165 


24 

30 

17 

9 

5 

9 

18 



Measles prevailed in 1713, 1729, 1759, and 1772, and was the cause of 
many deaths. 

In 1745, an epidemic fever occurred of a very fatal character. 

The Scarlet fever was first introduced into Boston in 1735, and during 
that and the next year was very j>revalent, About 4000 persons were sick 
with it, of whom 1 in 35 died. At this time it spread generally through the 
New England towns, carrying off in some instances whole families. In 
Kingston, where the usual annual mortality was not above 9 or 10, it rose 
in 1735 to 102, and this great increase of mortality was not unusual in other 
places. It is somewhat singular, that after the lapse of just about a cen- 
tury, it should have prevailed again as one of the most fatal diseases of New 
England. 

A new system of registration for the deaths only went into operation in 

Oct. 1810, and has since been continued with some slight modifications. 

These records are all preserved. At first the town was divided into three 

districts, the north, middle, and south, and a separate register kept for each, 

2 



xvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

under the direction of the Board of Health. The particulars recorded wei'e, 
1st, The date of death and burial ; 2d, The age and sex; 3d, To what family 
belonging; 4th, The disease, or cause of death; 5th, The number or name 
of the tomb where interred, designating the burial ground, and whether a 
citizen or stranger ; and 6th, Remarks. The district system was given up 
in 1822, at the incorporation of the city, and the office of superintendent of 
burial grounds was created. This office has since been filled by Mr. 
Samuel H. Hewes, and he has kept the records of the deaths of the whole 
city. A " General Abstract of the Bill of Mortality " has been printed an- 
nually since 1811, sj)ecifying the number of deaths each month in the year, 
distinguishing the males from the females, and the age under 1 ; 1 to 2 ; 2 
to 5 ; 5 to 10 ; 10 to 20, and each decennial period afterwards to 100. These 
abstracts specify also the number of deaths by each disease, but not the age, 
sex, season, and other particulars, which ought to have been noticed. 
Heavy penalties were imposed for burying without permission; and it is 
presumed that all, or very nearly all, the deaths that have taken place in the 
city are recorded. And the " bills," as far as they go, contain a faithful 
abstract of the records, and may be generally relied on as correct. 



Table IT, shoiving the distribution of the population of Boston according to age, sex, and 
colour, at seven different enumerations. 



Ages. 



Under 16 . . 
16 and upwards 

Whites . . . 
Coloured 

Total . . . 

Under 10 . . 

10 to 16 . . . 

16 to 26 . . . 

26 to 45 . . . 
45 and upwards 

Whites . . . 
Coloured 

Total . . 

Under 10 . 

10 to 16 . . 

16 to 26 . . 

26 to 45 . . 
45 and upwards 

Whites. . . . 

Coloured . . 

Total . . . 



4109 
2941 



7050 
531 



3057 
1406 
2478 
2999 
1334 



11274 



5283 
2416 
3564 
7345 
1500 



1765. 



Males, i Females. Differ V. 



7581 7939 



20108 
809 



20917 



4010 
3612 



+99 
-671 



7622 —572 
317 +14 



-558 



8119 
6553 



14672 

848 



15520 



1800. 



3083 
1499 
2998 
3110 
1799 



11489 



—26 
—93 
—520 
—111 



6140 
2905 
5476 
6109 



465 3133 



■1215 



23763 
1174 



11274 12489 —1215 24937 



1820. 



5399 
2965 
4544 
5973 
2569 



21450 
931 



22381 



— 116 

—549 

—980 

+ 1372 

— 1069 



10682 
5381 
8108 

13318 
4069 



-1342 41558 
-122 1740 



1464 4329S 1 



1790. 



4391 
1860 
357S 
4165 
1346 



15340 



15:i4(i 16446 



4349 
2081 
3989 
4140 



L887 —541 



16446 



+42 
—221 
—411 

+25 



-1106 



1825. 



6206 630I» 



3001 
7622 
8458 
2560 



27907 
974 



2SSS1 



3616 
7589 
7739 
3204 



—103 

—555 

+33 

+719 
— 664 



28453 —550 
943 +31 



29396 —515 



Males. 


Females. 


Difference. 


Total. 


3376 
4325 








7701 


9576 


—1875 


17277 
761 


7701 


9576 


— 1875 


18038 


1810. 



8740 
3941 
7567 
8305 
3233 



31786 
1464 



1106 33250 



12515 

6677 

15211 

16197 

5764 



56364 
1917 



5828 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xvu 



1830. 



Ages. 


Males. 


Females. 


Dift'iice. 


Total. 


Proportion 
of females to 

Km males. 


Propor- 
tion each 
age. 


Surviv'g 


Propor- 
tion sur- 
viving. 


Proportion 
surviving 
each age 

that are in 
next age 


Under 5 


38 IS 


4004 


—186 


7822 


104.87 


13.14 


59517 


100.— 


13.14 


5 to 10 


2941 


2978 


—37 


5919 


101.25 


9.95 


51695 


86.86 


11.44 


10 to 20 


5634 


6391 


—757 


12025 


113.43 


20.20 


45776 


76.91 


26.26 


20 to 30 


7729 


7958 


—229 


15687 


102.96 


26.36 


33751 


56.71 


46.47 


30 to 40 


4132 


4661 


—529 


8793 


112.80 


14.78 


18064 


30.35 


48.67 


40 to 50 


2168 


2698 


—530 


4866 


124.44 


8.18 


9271 


15.57 


52.48 


50 to 60 


1077 


L413 


—336 


2490 


131.19 


4.18 


4405 


7.39 


56.52 


60 to 70 


475 


801 


—326 


1276 


168.63 


2.14 


1915 


3.21 


66.63 


70 to 80 


164 


325 


—161 


489 


198.17 


.82 


639 


1.07 


76.52 


80 to 90 


31 


105 


— 74 


136 


338.70 


23 


150 


.25 


90.66 


90 to 100 
Whites 


2 


12 


—10 


14 


600.00 


2 


14 


.02 


100.— 


28171 


31346 


—3175 


59517 


111.26 


100.00 








Colored 
Total 


865 


1.010 


—145 


1875 


116.76 










29036 


32.356 


—3320 


61392 


111.43 











Tables of an improved form might have been prepared from the exist- 
ing records, but to render them as perfect as they ought to be, some modi- 
fication in the system of keeping the records is necessary. We have 
compiled from the series of printed abstracts, now before us, several tables, 
containing important facts and deductions in relation to the vital statistics 
of Boston. Some others might have been presented had we gone back 
to the original records, but they would hardly have paid the great labour 
required for compilation. To render these tables more clearly understood, 
the condition of the population should be known. We have, therefore, com- 
piled several tables from the different censuses, to illustrate this point. 

We have already given an account of the population of Boston previous 
to 1775. Table II presents the particulars of the population according to 
the several different enumerations from 1765 to 1830. From this table we 
have compiled the following abstract, to exhibit the increase of the popula- 
tion : — 

Table III, showing the increase of the population at eight enumerations, from 1790 to 

1837. 







Actual Increase. 


Increase 


per cent. 




Square 


Years. 


Population. 










One in 


y'rds to 
each. 














Total. 


Annual. 


Total. 


Annual. 




1790 


18.038 














— 


201 


1800 


24.937 


6899 


689.9 


38.24 


3.82 


26 


145 


1810 


33.250 


8313 


831.3 


33.33 


3.33 


30 


109 


1820 


43.298 


10048 


1004.8 


30.22 


3.02 


33 


83 


1825 


58.281 


14983 


2996.6 


34.60 


6.92 


14 


64 


1830 


61.392 


3111 


622.2 


5.33 


1.06 


94 


62 


1835 


78.603 


17211 


3442.2 


28.03 


5.60 


17 


49 


1837 


80.325 


1722 


861.0 


2.19 


1.09 


91 


49 



From this statement it appears that the greatest increase of the population 
was from 1820 to 1825, being 14,983, equal to an annual increase of 6.92 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



per cent., or 1 in 14. The least increase was in 1825 to 1830, being only 
1.06 per cent, annually. The whole increase from 1790 to 1837, was 445.3 
per cent., or doubling the first mentioned number about 4£ times. 

In 1796, Boston, exclusive of South Boston, was estimated to contain 
750 acres, or 3,630,000 square yards, including the streets. This may not 
have been strictly correct, but was an approximation to the truth ; and proba- 
bly the inhabited parts do not now contain more than that quantity of terri- 
tory. This would give 201 square yards to each inhabitant in 1790, and 
49 in 1837, being an increased density of 5 to 1. 

Table IV, showing the population living at each age of the different sexes. 



Age. 

Under 10 
10 to 16 
16 to 26 
26 to 45 
45 and 
upwards 

Total. 


Proportion of females to 100 males. 


Proportior 


of populat 


ion living 


it each age. 


1800 


1810 


1820 


1825 


1800 

25.84 

12.23 
23.04 
25.71 

13.18 

100.00 


1810 

27.50 
12.40 
23.80 
26.13 

10.17 

100.00 


1820 

25.74 
12.97 
19.51 
31.99 

9.79 

100.00 


1825 


100.85 
106.61 
120.98 
103.70 

134.81 


99.04 
111.88 
111.48 

99.39 

140.19 


102.19 

122.72 

127.49 

81.32 

171.33 


101.65 

111.59 

99.56 

91.49 

125.11 


22.20 
11.84 
26.99 

28.74 

10.23 
100 00 


110.77 


107.30 


102.10 


101.96 



The proportion of living males to living females deserves consideration. 
There have been in Boston more females than males. The proportion of 
the aggregate number of each sex of all ages was in 1790, as 100 males to 
104.72 females, and in 1800, as 100 to 110.77. The proportion, however, 
became more equal in 1825, when it was reduced, and was as 100 to 
101.96. In 1830, it was as 100 to 111.43. These facts will appear from 
Table IV, which also shows the census of 1830, and the proportion of each 
sex living at the different ages. In 1810 there were less females than males 
living under 10 years. At all other periods under 26 years, excepting 1825, 
there were more females than males. In the ages 26 to 45, there were more 
males than females at each enumeration excepting 1800. Above 45 there 
were from 25 to 70 per cent, more females than males. The most striking 
difference was in 1820. The proportion of the sexes then changes in the 
ages 26 to 45; to the ages 45 and upwards, from 81.52 to 171.33 per cent., 
a difference of 90 per cent. This shows the changeable nature of our popu- 
lation. The ages of 24 to 45 embrace the transient inhabitants — persons 
in single life, who come here to reside a few years, and afterwards remove. 
The proportion of population living at all ages will also appear from this 
table. 

In the census for 1830, we have exhibited the proportion of males to 
females, and the proportion of both, living at each age ; the number sur- 
viving, and the proportion per cent, of the surviving at each age ; and the 
proportion of the number surviving each age, that do not attain the next 
higher age. These deductions are important, as showing the laws of lon- 
gevity. 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xix 



The proportion of white to coloured population has been about the same 
at each of the enumerations, excepting the last two, when the whites had 
increased, as will appear from the following statement : 



Proportion. 


In 1790. 


In 1800. 


In 1810. 


In 1820. 


In 1825. 


In 1830. 


Of whites, 


95.78 


95.30 


95.60 


95.98 


96.71 


96.95 


Of coloured, 


4.22 


4.70 


4.40 


4.02 


3.29 


3.05 



100.00 100.00 



loo. oo 



100.00 100.00 100.00 



This shows that in 1790, of the whole population, 95.78 per cent, were 
white, and the remainder, 4.22, were coloured. In 1830, the proportion of 
whites had increased, and the coloured decreased, 1.17 per cent. 

Table V, shoiving the influences of the different years on the number of the deaths, dis- 
tinguishing the males from the females, and the stillborn, and the proportion to the popu- 
lation. 



Years. 


Population. 


Deaths. 


Proportion to 
population. 






















Males. 


Females 


Diff' nee 


Total. 


Still 
born. 


Total. 


One in 


Percent 


1811 


34.255 


373 


375 


—2 


748 


46 


794 


45 


2.18 


1812 


35.260 


286 


347 


—61 


633 


48 


681 


55 


1.85 


1813 


36.264 


416 


334 


+82 


750 


36 


786 


48 


2.06 


1814 


37.269 


367 


328 


+39 


695 


32 


727 


53 


1.86 


1815 


38.274 


407 


433 


—16 


830 


21 


851 


46 


2.16 


1816 


39.279 


440 


433 


+7 


873 


31 


904 


45 


2.22 


1817 


40.284 


453 


422 


+31 


875 


33 


908 


46 


2.17 


1818 


41.288 


486 


439 


+47 


927 


46 


971 


44 


2.23 


1819 


42.293 


423 


366 


+57 


789 


89 


878 


53 


1.86 


1820 


43.298 


505 


509 


—4 


1014 


89 


1103 


42 


2.31 


Mean. 




415.6 


397.6 


+ 180 


813.2 


47.1 


860.3 


47 


2.09 


1821 


46.295 


678 


643 


+35 


1321 


99 


1420 


35 


2.85 


1822 


49.291 


570 


518 


+52 


1088 


115 


1203 


45 


2.20 


1823 


52.288 


531 


514 


+17 


1045 


109 


1154 


50 


1.99 


1824 


55.284 


623 


585 


+38 


1208 


89 


1297 


45 


2.18 


1825 


58.281 


692 


670 


+22 


1362 


88 


1450 


42 


2.33 


1826 


58.903 


623 


544 


+79 


1167 


87 


1254 


50 


1.98 


1827 


59.525 


495 


444 


+51 


939 


83 


1022 


63 


1.57 


1828 


60.147 


603 


556 


+47 


1159 


74 


1233 


51 


1.92 


1829 


60.769 


600 


556 


+44 


1156 


65 


1221 


52 


1.90 


1830 


61.392 


532 


493 

552.3 


+39 


1025 


100 


1125 


59 


1.66 


Mean. 




594.7 


+424 


1147.0 


90.9 


1237.9 


49 


2.05 


1831 


64.834 


676 


677 


— 1 


1353 


71 


1424 


47 


2.08 


1832 


68.276 


840 


835 


+5 


1675 


86 


1761 


40 


2.45 


1833 


71.780 


679 


695 


—16 


1374 


102 


1476 


52 


1.91 


1834 


75.160 


765 


675 


— 10 


1440 


114 


1554 


52 


1.91 


1835 


78.603 


991 


828 


+163 


1819 


95 


1914 


43 


2.31 


1836 


79.464 


831 


817 


+14 


1648 


122 


1770 


48 


2.07 


1837 


80.325 


875 


868 


+7 


1743 


100 


1843 


46 


2.16 


1838 


81.186 


937 


862 


+ 75 


1799 


121 


1920 


45 


2.21 


1839 


82.215 


863 


859 


+241 


1722 


141 


1863 


44 


2.23 


Mean. 




745.7 


711.6 


+241 


1457.3 


95.2 


1552.5 


45 


2.14 



xx Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

The preceding- table, (Table V,) being the first compiled from the printed 
bills of mortality, presents a general view of the number of deaths each 
year, from 1811 to 1839, distinguishing the males from the females. The 
still-born, having never lived, are excluded from the number of deaths in all 
correct bills of mortality, and are here placed in a separate column. The 
population at the different enumerations, and the estimated population 
for the intervening years, and the ratio which the deaths bear to the popula- 
tion, are given. The least mortality in one year was in 1827, being 939, 
one in 63, or 1.57 per cent., and the greatest in 1821, being 1,321, one in 
35, or 2.85 per cent. The average annual deaths were 813, from 1811 to 
1830 — one in 47, or 2.09 per cent., 1147 from 1821 to 1830 — one in 49, or 
2.05 per cent., and 1,552 from 1831 to 1839 — one in 46, or 2.14 per cent., 
showing a small increase in the force of mortality. 

Mortality of different Ages. — The number of deaths varies very much in 
the different ages, being in some much greater than in others. We have 
presented in table VI the number who have died under 1, between 1 and 2, 
2 and 5, 5 and 10, and at each subsequent decennial period of life. This has 
been done for the different sexes, and in the different periods of time — the 10 
years, 1811 to 1820, and 1821 to 1830, and the 9 years, 1831 to 1839, that 
we might institute a comparison between the different periods, to ascertain 
whether the proportion of deaths was the same in each, and also for the whole 
29 years. The greatest number of deaths in any one period mentioned, is 
under one year, in the period 1831 to 1839, being 2861. The next greatest 
is between 20 and 30 of the same period, being 1843. The least number is 
between 90 and 100. 

Table VI, showing the influences on the number of deaths in different ages, distinguishing 

the males from the females, in three different periods of time. 



Age. 


181 1-1820 




1821-1830. 


1831-1S39. 


1811-1839. 


Males 


Females 


Total. 


Males 


Females 


Total. 


Males 


Fem'Is 


Total. 

2861 


Males 


Fem'Is 


Total. 


Under 


1 


765 


610 


1375 


1129 


833 


1962 


1596 


1265 


3490 


2708 


6198 


1 to 


2 


435 


397 


832 


580 


640 


1220 


848 


933 


17S1 


1863 


1970 


3833 


2 to 


5 


267 


224 


491 


428 


365 


793 


849 


749 


1598 


1544 


1338 


2882 


5 to 


lu 


151 


133 


284 


233 


173 


406 


344 


275 


619 


728 


581 


1309 


10 to 


20 


194 


236 


430 
1133 


234 
671 


299 
733 


533 

1404 


272 
871 


463 

972 


735 

1843 


700 
2090 


998 
2290 


1698 
4380 


20 to 


BU 


548 


585 


30 to 


40 


509 


471 


980 


750 


642 


1392 


913 


738 


1651 ! 


2172 


1851 


4023 


40 to 


50 


497 


374 


871 


623 


466 


1089 


651 


505 


1156 


1771 


L345 


3116 


50 to 


60 


300 


260 


560 


389 


331 


720 


456 


365 


821 


1145 


956 


2101 


60 to 


70 


201 


255 


456 


233 


287 


520 


303 


343 


646 


737 


885 


1622 


70 to 


80 


160 


226 


386 


1S1 


m* 


429 


198 


298 


496 


539 


772 


1311 


80 to 


90 


74 


119 


193 


89 


137 


22G 


85 


140 


225 


248 


396 


644 


90 to 


too 


5 


24 


29 


11 


26 


37 


15 


36 


51 


31 


86 


117 


Sum 




4106 


3914 


8020 


5551 


5180 


10731 


7401 


70S2 


144S3 


17058 16176 


:;:;j:i4 


Unknown 


50 


62 


112 


396 


343 


737 


56 


34 


90 


502 439 


941 
34175 


Total 


4156 


3976 


8132 


5947 


5523 


11470 


7457 


7116 


14573 


17560 


16615 



Sbattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



s 



§ > 

ft,.© 
ft, IS 



3 «u „ 









V 

CO 
•^s ft. 



05 
CO 
CO 

1 

CO 

CO 


•aSs jxau aqi a.iojaq aip oqA\ sSv 
pauoijaaiu js.iy aqi aAiA.ms oq<\\. 
asoqi jo -juao .iad uop.iodojj 


0~ cOt-NOOiONN° 




vi t>- d 12 OJ -* O 1C ■* 1-1 S 

-* W CO CO w ■* 00 2 


baa 
a 
'_> ** 
> S 

~B 

CO 


a . 
*i 
•J a 



OHTftOCOCOWCOWOlO 
OffiOlOX^ffNCOOCO 

' oocN'i^-*coiocri>0'-i 

OlOlO^CONH 


1 


.2 S 
0.= 

S a 


coco-*ffitsioo:ao(N®-- 

CO •* CI CO M< C5 CO - N N lO 
-t(NOIOCON-*N« 

^COl>CfilOMNri 




3 a> 
« H 
2 a « 
CD ra 
•j cc 
<n a 

°5 2 

a a> 

•-T3 

O 3 


a . 

*» 

'•3 a 

t. CD 
O O 

O 


c. n a co « t- © fuo us 

ONOt--*050^^"OW 
COirt.lONHt^lO'^COrH 






1 



(T> J^ 

— 0) 
O ,Q 


OCilOCOrtOHCOIOH 
-Cr,cOtLOlON-TaN10 

woMatCHootoirN 

O i-H H H 


CO 
CO 


d 

CO 
CO 

7 

oq 

CO 


•agBlxaa aqiajc 
panoiiaara as.it; 
asoqi jo 'laao a 


)jaq aip oqAv age 
aqjaAiAans oqAv 
3d noiyodojd 


■H-ooiwo-^Hoan? 
oocoHcoqcoafflO)^ 

1-^ co x -*' 00 to n e>i i-J 10 S 

CO NCOCOCOtCOCO° 




li 

a> 

w>a 

n 

02 


a . 
*> 

■-S a 
X. <d 
" 
o,t. 
<o 

0, 


OBhONlOOffllOO'* 

ooi'He)HHON-i"*ra 

OCNC5-*—'COeOi-iOOCN 
OOiO'O'CNHt-I 




S a 


HCOONCOHNINCSlCOt- 

coiaiOH-NcOHoscoco 

Nl^COCO^OCilNCON 
OCCOIC)-*COHrt 




■a 
1 ° « 

<4-» *■* .2 
^ « 

nil 
A 


a 
.j 

S a 

t. CD 


s 


'*0Jt^C01r^»0'-i-* < Ot~'* 1 

OhfflCfflHNcoO-CO 

CO l-( .-( I-H 










— CD 
0,0 

•a a 

M 


lOOCO^NfflOOOCSN 
NOMOacONWNWCO 
C5-*l01'COO^lO'<i<« 
CO H ^H rt 


7-i 

CO 






CO 

1 

1— 1 

CO 


•aS« jxaa aq;aa< 
paaoiiuamisag 
asoq; jo -juao a 


)jaq aip oqAi age 
aqiaAiAJiia oqAV 
3d noijaodcij 




-*COCOCOOOGOIOCOCO<=> 
tOCOlO'OC^CCJ'^CO-'J'OS- 

co'wco-*o6-*^c<icocd§ 
CO c?q«x)COcO-*«5co^ 




CO • 

<S &> 

*■ CD 

bita 
a 

!E'a 
p. <d 

S3 

CO 


a 

•n a 

t, CD 
O O 

£0- 


ootMcscoHiaocoNce 

O CO CO "cf CO r- 1 N N lO l^ CO 

dcoc x it^co--'dc6i-^cNi 1 

o»oio-*co«h 




<D S 


OCNOOOOlOlO-*-+ l COCMOi 

mNcoONoeqcBono) 
OcOOcOt)(^cdO»IM 

X IO IO ■* CO CSI H iH 




Ji 

2"^ cu 
taggn 

CO* 

J CD -Q 

*a M CD 

4,00 

ofl 
a <u 

^a 
0° 


a 

»; 

2 a 

i: v 
a 

*" 


•^COCOCONCSfflCOHHCB 
CiOCO'^CMXSlCOX'^CO 

CO CO 10 ■* N O O 18 ■* N 

CO i-H i-l i-t 










OJ3 


CO-tOCOOHOOOCOS! 
03COCOCOCOl^tOiOCOC55CN 
«OCN-*^C5COlO-*COi-l 
CM r-H 




<M 



CO 


Age. 


ira 000000 0000 

^0000000000 

£10000000000 
>-J HNcoviooi^cecs 



xxii Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Bostoyi. 

In table VII we have given the aggregate number of deaths, and calcu- 
lated the proportion per cent, of the deaths at each specified interval of age. 
It appears that 2698, or 33.64 per cent., of the whole deaths in 1811 to 1820 
were under 5 years of age, and that 14.13 per cent., the next greatest pro- 
portion, was between the ages of 20 and 30. In the next column of this 
table we have presented the number who survive each specified age, and 
. in the fourth column the proportion per cent, of the surviving. It appears 
from this table that 5322, or 66.36 per cent., of the deaths in 1811 to 1820 
survived the age of 5 years; 1624, or 20.25 per cent., survived the age of 
50 years; and 222, or 2.77 per cent., survived the age of 80 years. In the 
fifth column we have presented the law of mortality calculated from the 
deaths alone, and given the proportion percent, of the number of those who 
were alive at the beginning of each specified age, and who died before the 
next specified age. Of the whole deaths, 33.64 per cent, were under 5 
years ; of those who survived 5 years, 5.33 per cent, died before they at- 
tained 10 years ; of those who survived 10 years, 8.53 per cent, died before 
they attained 20 years ; and so on for each successive period, as appears in 
the table. We have presented these four different kinds of facts concerning 
the other periods, 1821 to 1830, and 1831 to 1839. A comparison of these 
facts presents some very important considerations. 

It has been repeatedly said that the great improvements in the science of 
medicine — in the nature and treatment of disease, and other causes, have 
increased the average longevity of mankind ; that life is more valuable now 
than it formerly was ; and that these improvements are constantly going on. 
The value of life is estimated by the number of years we live. A long life 
is more valuable than a short one. It is said to be improved in value, when 
the various circumstances, which surround us, add to the number of years 
of existence, as compared with other causes, which have existed in other 
places or periods of time. No correct conclusion can be made in regard to 
such comparison, except by a careful examination of the facts. A sufficient 
number of these is not, however, as yet attainable in this country to enable 
us to investigate the subject so fully and satisfactorily as could be desired. 
We can present some important ones in relation to Boston. 

By table I we are enabled to compare the ratio of mortality in Boston to 
the population, during a portion of the last century, with that prevailing at 
the present time, after an interval of nearly 100 years. There was then 
1 death to about 30 or 35, or 3 per cent., of the population. Now according 
to table IV there is 1 in about 45, or 2.10 per cent., of the population. This 
shows a very great improvement in the relative value of life. A comparison 
of other facts in the two tables will also present some very striking consid- 
erations. In consequence of the ages of the deaths not being then given, 
we are unable to estimate the comparative value of life at the different ages. 

To estimate accurately the value of life in any place, two important ele- 
ments are necessaiy to be known : first, the number of the living at each age, 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



and, secondly, the number of deaths at the same age. That we might make 
a calculation approximating to the truth in regard to Boston, we have taken 
the population of 1830, according to table II, and have distributed the 1875 
blacks among the whites of the different ages according to their respective 
proportions. From the bills of mortality we have ascertained the number 
of deaths for the 10 years, 182G to 1835, five years before and five years 
after the census was taken, and have distributed the whole, including 126 
deaths whose ages were unknown, in the same manner in regard to age as 
the living. One-tenth of these is the annual average, and consequently the 
number of deaths for 1830. By dividing one by the other, the annual pro- 
portion of the deaths to the living at each age will appear, as in the following 
statement. We have added the results of a similar calculation made by Mr. 
Milne, in his valuable treatise on life insurance, respecting the value of life 
in Carlisle, in England, which is there considered a favourable specimen of 
healthy life. 

Statement showing the population of Boston for 1830, the deaths for 10 
years, 1826 to 1835, and the proportion of the annual deaths to 100 con- 
stantly living in Boston and Carlisle. 



Age. 


Population 
in 1830. 


Deaths 
1826-183;"). 


Centesimal 


proportion of deaths to 
the living. 


In Boston. 


In Carlisle. 


Difference. 


Under 5 


7822 


5176 


6.48 


8.22 


—1.74 


5 to 10 


5919 


515 


.85 


1.02 


—.17 


10 to 20 


12025 


659 


.54 


.58 


—.04 


20 to 30 


15687 


1719 


1.07 


.75 


+.32 


30 to 40 


8793 


1656 


1.84 


1.05 


+.79 


40 to 50 


486G 


1130 


2.27 


1.43 


+ 84 


50 to 60 


2490 


775 


3.05 


1.82 


+1.23 


60 to 70 


1276 


607 


4.63 


4.12 


+.51 


70 to 80 


489 


465 


9.12 


8.29 


+.83 


80 to 90 


136 


235 


16.94 


17.56 


—.52 


90 to 100 


14 


44 


30.76 


28.44 


+2.32 


59517 


12981 


Mean 2. 13 


2.50 


Total 


Blk's 1875 


Unk'n 126 








61392 


13107 



By this statement it appears that the proportion of deaths to the living is 
greater in Carlisle than in Boston under the age of 20, and between the ages 
of 80 and 90. At the other ages it is greater in Boston. Between the ages 
of 50 and 60, and 90 and 100, there is the greatest difference, being in the 
former 1.23, and in the latter 2.32. The mean of all ages is 2.13 per cent, 
in Boston and 2.50 per cent, in Carlisle, showing a difference of .37 in 
favour of the former. This presents the law of mortality in Boston, as 
accurately as it could be done from any data at present existing. It is, however, 
difficult, if not impossible, to determine it with perfect precision by any 
general statement concerning a population so changeable as that of our city. 

We have arranged the tables including the deaths from 1811 to 1839 in 
such form, that we can institute a comparison between the relative mortality 



XXIV 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



of the different periods, 1811 to 1820, 1821 to 1830, and 1831 to 1839.. 
This comparison presents some very striking facts, and shows that, although 
the average value of life is greater now than during the last century, it is 
not so great as it was twenty years ago ; that it was at its maximum in 1811 
to 1820, and that it has since somewhat decreased. It appears that 33.64 
per cent, of the deaths in 1811 to 1820 were under 5 years of age, 37.04 
per cent, in 1821 to 1830, and that 43.09 per cent, in 1831 to 1839, show- 
ing a gradual increase of the relative mortality under that age, and between 
the first and the last given period, a difference of 9.45 per cent, or a propor- 
tional increase of mortality of 28 per cent. ! 

It is a melancholy fact, and one which should arrest the attention of all, 
that 43 per cent, or nearly half of all the deaths which have taken place in 
Boston during the last nine years, are of persons under 5 years of age ; and the 
proportional mortality of this age has been increasing. A comparison may 
be made between other ages by table VII in two ways, one by taking the 
difference between the proportions per cent, of the dying each age in the 
different periods, or by subtracting the second columns of each period from 
each other ; and the other by taking the difference between the proportion 
per cent, of those who survive the first mentioned age, and die before they 
attain the next age, or by subtracting the fifth columns of each period from 
each other. The first method is not so correct as the second ; for, if a greater 
proportion die under 5 years of age, there must of course be a less propor- 
tion die at each of the other ages, even if the number proportional to the 
living at that age be the same. It is not so in regard to the other method. 
The mortality of one age is not dependent on any other, and the table 
shows the projiortion of the whole number of. deaths, who attain the age of 
5, 10, 20, or any other given period, who die before they attain the next 
given period. This calculation shows the law of mortality for a place as 
accurately as can be shown from any calculation from records of deaths 
alone. We have given below the difference between the proportion per 
cent, of the deaths at each period. The sign plus shows that the mortality 
is greater, and minus that it was less in the last period than the first. 





Difference 


Difference 


Difference 




between 1811 to 1820 


between IS 


121 to 1830 


between 1811 to 1820 




and 1821 to 1830. 


and 1831 to 1839. 


and 1831 to 1839. 


AGE 


2d column. 


bth column. 


2d column. 


5th column. 


2d column. 


bth column, 


Under 5 


+ 3.40 


+ 3.40 


+ 6.05 


+ 6.05 


+ 9.45 


+ 9.45 


5 to 10 


+ .25 


+ .67 


+ .48 


+ 1.50 


+ .73 


+ 2.17 


10 to 20 


— .39 


— .14 


— .11 


+ 1.25 


— .28 


+ 1.11 


20 to 30 


— 1.05 


— .45 


— .35 


+ 2.62 


— 1.40 


+ 2.17 


30 to 40 


+ .75 


+ 5.65 


— 1.57 


— 1.12 


— .82 


+ 4.53 


40 to 50 


— .71 


+ 1.14 


— 2.17 


— 1.99 


— 2.88 


— .85 


50 to 60 


— .28 


+ 2.83 


— 1.04 


— .65 


— 1.32 


+ 2.18 


60 to 70 


— .84 


+ .05 


— .38 


+ 2.65 


— 1.22 


+ 2.70 


70 to 80 


— .81 


— 1.49 


— .58 


+ 2.25 


— 1.39 


+ .76 


80 to 90 


— .24 


— 1.05 


— .62 


— 4.71 


— .86 


— 5.7a 


90 to 100 


— .02 




+ .01 




— .01 





Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xxv 



It appears from this table that the value of life has slightly improved 
between the ages 30 and 60 and over 80, the chances being somewhat greater 
than they were twenty years ago, that a person of these ages will live to the 
next higher age. Under 30 the mortality has increased; the greatest how- 
ever is under 5. The mortality for 1838 was greater than in any other 
year, being 47.65 wanting but 2.35 per cent, of half the whole deaths, show- 
ing in that year a greater mortality under 5, than the average eight previous 
years, of 4.68 per cent., and that of the first ten years of 14.51 per cent. 

The causes of this increasing and alarming mortality should be investi- 
gated, and, if jjossible, removed. We have endeavoured to ascertain some 
of these causes. Allowance should, we suppose, be made for the customs 
of the times. More luxury and effeminacy in both sexes prevail now than 
formerly ; and this may have had some influence in producing constitutional 
debility, and the consequent feeble health of children. The nursing and 
feeding of children with improper food is another cause. The influence of 
bad air in confined, badly located, and filthy houses, is another and perhaps 
the greatest. Epidemic diseases which are particularly prevalent among 
children have increased. It will hereafter be shown that scarlet fever has 
prevailed very much the last nine years, and has increased the mortality. 
In the period 1811 to 1820, this disease produced 13 per 1000 ot the 
whole deaths. In 1831 to 1838, it produced 489. Other infantile diseases 
have also increased. These considerations would, perhaps, sufficiently ac- 
count for the increased mortality under 5 years of age. 

We had supposed that a greater mortality prevailed in certain localities, 
and in certain classes of our population than in others, and we have en- 
deavoured to ascertain how far the supposition is founded on fact. Though 
the records do not specify, as they ought, the place of residence of those 
whose deaths are recorded, they do give, in all cases, the places of burial. 
We have compiled the following statement from a list of all those, who 
were buried from Boston in the South Boston and Charlestown Roman Catho- 
lic burial grounds. 

Of the 1987 Catholic burials during the six years, 1833 to 1838, com- 
prising 1028 males and 958 females, 61.39 per cent, were under 5 years. 
The still-born during the same time, and in the same religious denomination,, 
not included in the above, were 125, or 5.77 per cent, of the whole burials; 
112, or about 5£ per cent, only, lived to see 50 years of age, and 30, or less 
than 2 per cent, lived to 70. During the year 1838 there were 439 burials; 
of whom 303, or 171 males and 132 females, were under 5 ; and 136, or 57~ 
males and 79 females, were over 5. This is a mortality of 75 per cent, of 
the whole male deaths, and 60 per cent, of the whole female deaths under 5 ;, 
leaving 25 per cent, only of the males and 40 per cent, of the females, or 31 
per cent, of both sexes, to survive that early age- This shows a great increase 
in mortality, and will account for the increase of the deaths under 5 years of 
age. The influx of unacclimated foreign emigrants, and the great number of 



xxvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

families crowded into the houses in Broad street, Ann street, and other 
densely populated parts of the city, render the air very impure, and expose 
the lives of infants, who are compelled to breathe it, to almost inevitable 
death. The influences of such circumstances are not confined to the places 
where they exist, but are extended to the population in the neighbourhood, 
and epidemics are generated, which are no doubt injurious to the general 
health of the city. 

Mortality of different Sexes. — The difference in the mortality of the two 
sexes is given in tables V and VI, from which it appears that there were ISO 
more female than male deaths in 1811 to 1820; 424 in 1821 to 1830, and 
341 in 1813 to 1839. There were four yeai's in the first period, and three 
in the last only, when there were more male than female deaths. The pro- 
portion of the different sexes will appear from the following statement. 



Deaths. Average. Proportion. 
Males 4156 415 51.11 as 100 or 104.59 

Females 397G 397 48.89 to 95.66 100. 



Total, 


8132 


813 


100.00 






} < Males 


5947 


594 


51.85 


as 


loo or 107.67 


c Females 


5523 


553 

1147 


48.15 


to 


92.87 100. 


Total, 


11470 


100.00 




^ Males 


7457 


828 


51.17 


as 


100 or 104.79 


c Females 


7116 


790 


48.83 


to 


95.42 100. 



1811 to 1820 



1821 to 1830 



1831 to 1839 



Total, 14573 1618 100.00 

The proportion of male and female deaths to the population in the years 
when the census was taken, was as follows : 

One in Excess. Proportion per cent. Excess. 

1820 Males 41 Females 44 3 Males 2.41 Females 2.27 14 

1825 " 41 " 43 2 " 2.32 " 2.27 5 

1830 " 54 " 65 11 " 1.83 " 1.52 31 

1835 " 39 " 48 9 " 2.54 " 2.07 47 

This statement shows that the agents of death are uniformly more active 
with male than female life. 

In the following table we have given the number of deaths of each sex 
for the different intervals of age, as in table V, and the proportion of each 
sex for the period 1811 to 1838. 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xxvn 



Age. 



Under 1 

1 to 2 

2 to 
5 to 

10 to 
20 to 
30 to 
40 to 
50 to 
60 to 
70 to 
80 to 



90 to 100 



Observed. 


Calculated. 

Males. Females. 


Males. 


Females. 


3315 


2572 


56.31 


43.69 


1756 


1861 


48.54 


51.46 


1426 


1232 


53.65 


46.35 


675 


537 


55.69 


44.31 


669 


942 


41.34 


58.66 


2009 


2159 


48.20 


51.80 


2071 


1775 


53.84 


46.16 


1693 


1278 


56.99 


43.01 


1099 


915 


54.56 


45.44 


700 


849 


45.19 


54.81 


521 


741 


41.28 


58.72 


241 


376 


39.06 


60.94 


31 


83 


27.18 


72.82 



It appears from this statement, that at the ages under 10 years, and 
between 30 and 60, more males than females die, the proportion rising in 
40 to 50, as 56.99 to 43.01 per cent. At the other periods specified there 
are less male than female deaths ; the difference after the age of 60 continu- 
ally increasing, until 90 to 100, when it was as 27.18 to 72.82 per cent. By 
table II it appears that there were a greater number of males than females at 
any age among the living population. A comparison of these with the deaths 
will show that at certain ages a greater proportional mortality prevails among 
males, and at other ages among females. 

Mortality of the Different Seasons of the Year. — In table VIII we have 
arranged the deaths in each period according to the months in which they 
occurred, distinguishing the males from the females, and placing before the 
numbers the sign minus, when it was less, and the sign plus, when it was 
greater than the mean. In the third column we have given the proportion, 
which the total of each month bears to 12000, or 1000 per month, and in 
the fourth column, the number, indicating the order of the month in regard 
to mortality — the highest being numbered 1. It appears from this statement, 
that the months of August, September, and October, have the highest mor- 
tality. December is number 4 in each period ; November 5 in the last, and 
6 in the others. June has uniformly the least mortality. If the proportions 
are arranged according to the seasons of the year, they will be as follows : 





1811-1820. 


1821-1830. 


1831-1839 


Winter, 


2.801 


2.775 


3.000 


Spring, 


2.842 


2.825 


2.622 


Summer, 


2.807 


2.996 


2.800 


Autumn, 


3.550 


4.434 


4.578 



12,000 



12,000 



12,000 



XXV111 



Shattuck 07i the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



> 

pq 



<S 



s 



1-3 

tea 54, 



rS 






s 5 " 






^ 



"& 



a 

o 

ft 
p 


co t^cit^t-It-^cccicccoccco 


1 

d 
o 




a 


ni^oxX'COCHOooo 

^- — <M ■— l — — i— i CN CM CN •— IO) 


CO 
CO 


r. 



■aapjQ 



Offlt>COH«OCOiHNlo-* 



tSNOO^M-tOaO^NO 



o o o o © o o 



COCO — SNSOffll^OO^Mffl 
l^XCOOXiO^rHrtMCOX 
— ©— '©CiC5©-*»0-*COCO 



+++++ 



oiCi>o-* | -fcc<Mcc©cO'-fco 
co-*i^co©io©i~-*r5'f'io 
io ia io o ti< * io ts i-« » - c 

+7 i i i i I+++++ 



iH9!»wcoooociaosei 
oswiotocuaacoffifr/:?! 



I I I++++ + 



b-HO00»NWISHWO>* 



ococ^cs^cci-^co-^oooo 

O— ' CO --f -* C: CO CC © CC t- CO 
C5COCT. CSCJl^© — CO — ©C5 

©o©o©©© — — ^©d 



(NCOOlOOCO^CO-rOC-l^ 
©I— COd©^©"— ' N - ' © © 

I I I I I I I + ++ I I 



NOW<OHHO'0«5'fOH 
1^ © — M^-*'HO0t)'*Nb- 
-*CO^-*-*CO-) 4 iOiO»0-* l *+' 

+ 1 I I I I I++++ + 



-*<C5NX05C10NfflOl!;N 

■ I I +4-++ I ! 



+' 



•aapjQ 



co © tc © t- n — co cm 



zo -* 



Htsoirtc-ies'OiO'-iwss-' 
©'©©©©©© — — •-<© — 



COt^CM •MeO00GOCN©l— CO 

100!OOK)10NOOO:00 



++++ + 



■COHHOOrliONiOOCO'* 
CO-*— O 'O 'C ffl O «3 M O 
(NCOCOCOCNCMCO — -f CO CO 

l+l II I+++I+ 



© -m o <m co © m — co co m -* 

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -* ■* -# CO CO 

I l+l I I+++++I 



- — — 

a sssaa 



5 -o b *- ^cjc* 6 ' 



w O a> 



•ON 



— leMco-^ioccTt^co©© 



<;; 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xxix 



In table IX, we have endeavoured to arrange the facts for one period, 
1821-1830, to ascertain what influence the seasons have upon the mortality 
of different ages. We have given the whole deaths during the time, the 
mean or average of each month at each age, and the difference from this 
mean, placing the sign minus, when the mortality of the month at any age 
was less, and plus when it was greater, than this mean. 

Table IX, showing the influence of the different months of the year on the number of 
deaths, in the different ages, for the years 1821-1830, inclusive. 



Age. 




Whole 
leaths. 






Ja 


nuary. 

Diff'ce 
from 


February. 


"3 


[arch. 

Diff'ce 
from 


April. 


April. 


Average or 
monthly 
mean. 


,g 


Diff'ce 
from , 


OS 


Diff'ce 
from 




Diff'ce 
from 






1962 




Q 


mean. 


A 


meau. 


<0 


mean. 




mean. 


Q 


mean. 


Under 1 


163.50 


151 


—12.60 


121 


—42.50 


140 


—23.50 


140 


—23.50 


123 


—40.50 


1 to 2 




1220 


101.67 


68 


—33.67 


46 


— 55.67 


65 


—36.67 


Sll 


—21.67 


7:; 


—28.67 


2 to 5 




793 


66.08 


64 


—2. OS 


47 


—19.08 


65 


—1.08 


62 


— 4.0S 


69 


+2.92 


5 to 10 




406 


33.83 


33 


—.S3 


21 


—12.83 


23 


+10.83 


41 


—7.17 


29 


—4.83 


10 to 20 




533 


44.42 


46 


+1.58 


40 


—4 42 


40 


—4.42 


31 


—13.42 


52 


+7.58 


20 to 30 




1404 


117.— 


li4 


— 3.— 


106 


—11.— 


114 


— 3. — 


123 


+6— 


122 


+5. 


30 to 40 




1392 


116.— 


112 


— 4.— 


98 


—18.— 


126 


+10.- 


123 


■K-- 


123 


+7— 


40 to 50 




1089 


90.75 


88 


—2.75 


88 


—2.75 


93 


+2.25 


89 


—1.75 


105 


—14.25 


50 to 60 




720 


60.— 


76 


+16.- 


51 


— 9. - 


58 


— 2. — 


54 


—6— 


65 


+5— 


60 to 70 




520 


43.34 


42 


—1.34 


49 


+5.66 


51 


+7.66 


53 


+9.66 


35 


—8.34 


70 to 80 




4'29 


35.75 


36 


+.25 


50 


+14.25 


38 


—2.25 


:',;', 


—2.75 


35 


—.75 


80 to 90 




226 


18.83 


31 


+12.17 


23 


+4.17 


18 


—.S3 


22 


+3.17 


13 


—5.83 


90 tolOO 
Total 




37 


3.08 


8 


+ 1.92 


3 


—.08 


3 


—.08 


1 


—2.08 


3 


—.08 
—47.25 


10731 


894.25 


869 


— 25.75 


743 —151.25 


S34 


—60.26 


852 


—42.25 


847 


Under 1 


11.-. 


June. 

—48.5 


July. 


A 


ugust. 


September. 


0( 

192 


:tober. 

+2S.50 


November. 


December. 


158 


—5.50 


241 


—77.50 


293 


+130.50 


145 


—18.50 


144 


—19.50 


1 to 2 


64 


—37.65 


102 


+.33 


170 


+68.33 


224 


+122.33 


157 


+55.33 


101 


— .67 


70 


—31.67 


2 to 5 


72 


+4.92 


47 


—19.03 


72 


+5.92 


78 


+11.92 


77 


+10.92 


70 


+3.92 


72 


+5.92 


5 to 10 


42 


+8.17 


25 


—8.83 


46 


+12.17 


39 


+5.17 


36 


+2.17 


34 


+.17 


37 


+3.17 


10 to 20 


40 


—4.42 


49 


+4.58 


42 


—2.42 


55 


+10.58 


47 


+2.58 


46 


+1.5S 


45 


+.58 


20 to 30 


75 


—42.— 


122 


+5.- 


129 


+12.- 


125 


+8.- 


149 


+32— 


100 


—17— 


125 


+8. 


30 to 40 


101 


—15.— 


139 


+23.- 


100 


—16.— 


125 


+9.- 


124 


+8. 


124 


+8— 


97 


—19— 


40 to 50 60 


—30.75 


101 


+10.25 


89 


—1.75 


95 


+4.25 


103 


+12.25 


94 


+3.25 


83 


—7.75 


50 to 60 


60 


— 0.— 


58 


— 2. — 


55 


— 5. 


53 


—7. 


54 


—6— 


56 


—4— 


80 


+20. 


60 to 70 


32 


—11.34 


38 


—5.34 


48 


—4.66 


41 


—2.34 


51 


+7.66 


:;s 


—5.34 


42 


—1.34 


70 to 80 


29 


— 6.75 


29 


—6.75 


33 


—2.75 


26 


—9.75 


28 


—7.75 


50 


+14.25 


42 


+6.25 


80 to 90 


13 


—5. S3 


10 


—8.83 


23 


+4.17 


13 


—5.83 


18 


—.83 


20 


+1.17 


22 


+3.17 


90 to 100 





—3.08 


5 


+1.92 





—3.08 





—3.08 

+272.75 


4 
1040 


+.92 


3 


—.OS 


7 


+3.92 
—28.25 


Total 


702 


—192.08 


883 


—11.25 


1048 


+153.75 


1167 


+145.75 


ssl 


—13.25 


866 



From this table the following abstract in relation to the seasons has been 
compiled. 



Spring, 
Summer, 
Autumn, 
Winter, 



Under 20 years. 

— 205.50 
+ 5G.50 
+ 366.50 

— 222.50 



20 to 60. 
+ 43.75 
+ 62.75 
+ 70.75 
— 35.75 



60 and upwards. 
+ 3. 
— 49 
+-10 

+ 52 



From this statement it appears that the seasons have the greatest influence 
on the mortality of persons under the age of 20 and over that of 60 — the 
summer and autumn being most fatal with the former, and winter with the 
latter. This is the only general law we can deduce from the tables. If we 
examine and compare particular months and ages a striking difference will 
appear in the mortality, but not enough to deduce any general law from it. 

The Stillborn. — The number and proportion of the stillborn burials 
will appear from the following statement: 



s. Shattuek on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

1811-1820 1821-1830 1831-1839 

Number. Proportion. Number. Proportion. Number. Proportion. 

Deaths, 8,132 = 95.52 11,470 = 92.66 14,573 = 93.87 

Stillborn, 471 = ."..48 909 = 7.34 952 = 6.13 



Total burials, 8,603 100.00 12,379 100.00 15,525 100.00 

The proportion of the stillborn to the whole burials was 1.82 per cent, 
in the second, and .65 per cent, in the third period, more than in the first. By 
table VIII it appears that the month producing the highest projiortion was 
August, and that March was the next highest. There appears, however, 
to be less variation, in regard to the seasons, in these than in the other deaths. 

Diseases. — In compiling an abstract of the diseases, or causes of death, we 
have confined ourselves to the printed bills of mortality, as we have done in 
preparing the other tables, and have not gone back to the original records. 
If this had been done, nothing of great importance, in addition, would have 
been obtained, unless an entire new set of tables had been formed, which 
should distinguish each case with respect to age and sex. The records in 
this respect are not full, and probably they are not always correct in regard 
to the cause of death inseited. The bills, however, contain the amount of 
all the deaths in the city, and it is presumed that they also contain a faithful 
abstract of the records concerning the diseases. There has been considerable 
difficulty, and great care and labour has been expended, in arranging the 
diseases from the different annual bills themselves. The nomenclature has 
been several times altered, and a disease is often returned one year under a 
name differing from that of the same disease contained in the return of 
another year, and even in the same year, one and the same disease often ap- 
pears under two synonymous names, sometimes under the popular, and 
sometimes under the scientific name, or under both popular names. 

Another feature of the bills is the indefinite idea conveyed by the names 
often given to the diseases. It appears from table XI, that of the whole 
deaths 111.6, 167.1, and 85.8 per 1000, in the respective period, were re- 
turned as occurring from unknown causes, and that 267.6, 160.5, and 158.4, 
per 1000, from diseases whose seat or character was undetermined. These 
two classes amount on the average to about one-third of the whole deaths. 
There are also many cases returned under the name of "Rupture," "De- 
bility," "Tumour," "Infantile Diseases," "Complication of Disorders," 
&c. ; and another class under the general name of " Complaint," " Disease 
of the Heart," or "Disease of the Lungs," &c, without specifying the par- 
ticular kind or type of the disease. This is a great defect in our records 
and tables ; and it should arrest the attention of the medical profession, whose 
reputation with that of the city, is in some resjjects involved in it. These 
imperfections in bills of mortality, however, are not peculiar to Boston. 
The same defect, to a greater or less extent, has existed in those published 
in other places in this country, and until recently in Great Britain. It is 
to be attributed to the imperfections of our system of registration, to the 



Siiattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston, xxxi 

ignorance, carelessness, or entire neglect, of those whose duty it is to make 
the returns, and to the want of proper forms and classification of our printed 
tables. 

In 1836 a nomenclature, revised and considerably improved, was printed 
by the city ; but it is believed that some further modification is necessary to 
make it as perfect as it should be. Some names might be omitted, and 
others substituted, and the whole arranged in two forms, one in alphabetical 
and numerical order, the other classed in groups according to the seat of, or 
parts affected by, the disease. In this way the nomenclature might be ren- 
dered more simple and exact ; and when made, a form of a return should be 
prepared and every person concerned should not be requested merely, but 
required to conform to it in all respects to the extent of his power, and no 
burial should be permitted until the return is first obtained. In 1836 a cir- 
cular was addressed by the city authorities to the members of the medical 
profession, and to the funeral undertakers, requesting them to conform to the 
new nomenclature, but from the fault of one party or the other, the returns 
relative to the cause of death are still defective. 

From these remarks some of the difficulties, which have presented them- 
selves in preparing the following tables, will be perceived. The tables will, 
however, imperfect as they are, convey much important information, and 
suggest how much more valuable tables of this kind would have been, if the 
original returns, from which they were compiled, had been made full and 
uniformly correct ; and the annual printed abstracts themselves prejiared in a 
different form, and on the principles of accurate classification. 

It has been considered sufficient by many writers on this subject to pre- 
pare the tables, so as to exhibit the number of the deaths by each disease for 
certain definite periods of time given. But this information appears to fall 
short of the result which ought to be presented in such tables. To render them 
useful, a comparison should be made between the number of deaths by each 
disease, and the whole number of deaths in a certain given period, and this 
result should be again compared with a similar result concerning other pe- 
riods. In this way the prevalence of any particular disease compai'ed with 
that of other diseases at the same period, and with same diseases at different 
periods, may be at once seen, and a judgment formed from the per centage 
what proportion of deaths that particular disease occasions, and whether it 
be on the increase or decrease. The sex, age, and place of nativity of the 
diseased, and the season of the year in which the deaths occurred, are not 
stated in connection with the diseases in our printed tables, but they should 
be. The fatality of disease depends much on the age of the patients, and it 
is not the same in chilhood, manhood, and old age, nor with the different 
sexes, and in the different months of the year. It is very important to 
know all such facts in relation to each disease, and the danger that man has 
to encounter in all ages, and under all circumstances. It would also be im- 
portant, if practicable, to know the number of deaths by each disease in 

*3 



xxxii Skattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

proportion to the population, distinguishing them according to their ages. 
When facts like these are known they Avill lead to inquiries into the causes, 
which have produced an increase or diminution of disease, under different 
circumstances, and lead to the adoption of the proper remedies. 

The following tables have been arranged on the basis of the nomenclature 
contained in the valuable Report of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths, 
and Marriages in England, with such alterations as seemed necessary to 
render them more simple, and better adapted to our circumstances. Causes 
of death of a similar character, though entered under different names in dif- 
ferent years, have been classed together, so as to show, as far as practicable, 
the prevalence of the same disease during the whole period. Table X con- 
tains the number of deaths by each disease in every year from 1811 to 1839 
inclusive. They are divided into three periods, the first from 1811 to 1820, 
the second from 1820 to 1830, and the third from 1830 to 1839 inclusive, 
and the amount of each given in a sejiarale column. By comparing these 
numbers together the relative mortality produced by each different disease, 
and whether it increases or diminishes, may be seen. It is necessary, how- 
ever, to bear in mind that a greater number does not always indicate an in- 
crease of mortality. The increase of the population, and consequent relative 
increased number of deaths, must always be taken into view. The deaths, 
exclusive of the stillborn, from October 1810 to 1820, were 8,469, and from 
1821 to 1830 they were 11,470, being an increase of 3001, or nearly 3.54 
per cent, annually. During the nine last years, from 1831 to 1839, the 
deaths were 14,573, being an increase of 3,103, or 3 per cent, annually. 
This shows a little increase in the force of mortality as compared with the 
increase of population, as has already been shown. Table XI shows the 
comparison in regard to the several classes of diseases. 

First Division. — Endemic, Epidemic, and Contagious Diseases. — 
This class of diseases is the great index to the state of health of a people, 
and determines more than any other its character in different locations, ami 
in different periods. We have subdivided this class into fevers, eruptive 
fevers, and others not classified. (See table X.) 

Fevers. — A variety of opinions prevails in regard to the nomenclature and 
arrangement of the different kinds of fevers. We have adopted, as far as 
circumstance will }:>ermit, the division contained in the American edition of 
Marshall Hall's Practical Medicine, though it does not agree with the Reports 
of the Registrar-General of Births and Deaths in England, nor with the Sup- 
plement to the Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine. There are many cases, 
found in the Boston tables, returned as " fever "only, without any specification 
of kind or type. A great variety of names is also given, some of which have 
been regarded as synonymous. Under Synochus are included all of a mixed 
character, or not clearly defined, which appear in the printed tables, such as 
"fever," "anomalous fever," "bilious," "catarrhal," "country," "iso- 
lated," "miliary," " acute synochus," &c. The term "typhoid" does not 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxiii 

appear in the bills until 1837, and is therefore omitted. Under Typhus are 
included such as "brain," congestive," "continued," "inflammatory," 
"jail," "malignant," "nervous," "putrid," "typhoid," &c. We have 
arranged cases, which appeared in the printed tables as " lung fever," and 
" pleurisy fever," under Pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs ; " worm 
fever," under Worms; "rheumatic fever," under Rheumatism; "scarlet 
fever," under Scarlatina; "puerperal" and "child-bed fever," under Dis- 
eases of Child-bed. The deaths by fevers of all kinds were 749, 604, and 
721, or 88.4, 52.7, and 49.5 per 1000 of the whole deaths in the respective 
periods, showing a decrease of 35.7 in the second, and 3.2 in the third. By 
looking at the different fevers in the tables it will be perceived, that typhus 
has produced the greatest number of deaths, but still it has very much de- 
creased ;. being 623, 458, and 611, or 73.5, 39.9 and 41.9 per 1000, showing 
the last eight years a small increase on the previous 10, but not more than 
half the proportion of the period 1811 to 1820. The greatest number in 
one year was 119, in 1818. Ten cases of yellow fever occurred in 1816. 

2. Eruptive Fevers. — The diseases of this class occur very irregularly. 
They have, however, increased. There occurred 64, 402, and 1402, or 7.5, 
35.1, and 96.2 per 1000 in the respective periods, the last period showing 
more than 13 times the mortality of the first. Each of the diseases except- 
ing thrush, shows an increased mortality. Erysipelas has increased from 
1, in the first, to 65 in the last period. Measles was very fatal in 1821, 
1825, 1829, 1832, and particularly in 1835, when 188 died of this disease : 
28, 332, and 340, or 3.3, 28.9, and 23.1 per 1000 of the whole deaths oc- 
curred from this disease in the respective periods. Under Scarlatina are 
included the cases in the bills entered as "scarlet fever," "putrid sore 
throat," " cynanche maligna," " ulcerated sore throat," " throat distemper," 
"canker rash," &c, being considered nearly synonymous. Cases of this 
kind have increased since 1821 to 1830, from 13 to 489 ! It has become one 
of the most fatal of the eruptive fevers. The suddenness of its attack, the 
irregular mode of its operation, and its generally fatal termination, has ren- 
dered it one of the diseases most to be dreaded. The greatest number in 
one year was in 1839, when 222 died. The next greatest was 200 in 1832. 
To the prevalence of this disease may be attributed, in some measure, the 
increased mortality of children under five years of age. The recorded cases 
of Small pox have been principally at the quarantine establishment at Rains- 
ford Island. It never prevailed in the city, as an epidemic, during the period 
under review, until the autumn of 1839. It then spread generally through 
the city, and produced 60 deaths before the close of the year. 

3. Not classified. We have adopted this term to designate such endemic, 
epidemic, or contagious diseases as ai ; e not included in either of the forego- 
ing classes. Under Cholera are included cholera morbus, and also 78, 
89, and 251 cases in the respective periods which are entered as " cholera 
infantum," and also 78 cases of Asiatic or spasmodic cholera, which occur- 
red in 1832. Croup includes the cases of "hives," and "cynanche tra- 



14.4 


149 


12.9 


407 


27.9 


5. 


245 


21.3 


376 


25.9 


13.5 


429 


37.4 


372 


. 25.5 


9.2 


184 


16.0 


256 


17.5 



xxxiv Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

ehealis." This disease resembles quinsy, subsequently classified under the 
diseases of the organs of respiration ; and the cases may not all be correctly 
entered in their respective subdivisions. It was thought best, however, to 
preserve a separate classification. Under Dysentery are included the cases 
of "diarrhoea," having so close a resemblance as to be here classed toge- 
ther. The number of deaths by each disease of this class, excepting Hydro- 
phobia and Syphilis, have increased, though dysentery has not produced so 
great a proportion in the nine last years, as it did in the previous ten. The 
following statement will show the comparative prevalence of each of the 
principal diseases : 

1811—1820. 1821—1830. 1831—1839. 

Diseases. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. 

Cholera, 122 

Croup, 43 

Dysentery, 115 

Hoooping Cough, 78 

The total of this class of diseases was 380, 1031, and 1499, or 44.9, 89.9, 
and 102.9 per 1000 in the respective periods. 

Second Division. — Sporadic Diseases. 

1. Of the Nervous System and Senses. — Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, 
Eyes, Ears. — Under Convulsions we include cases entered as "fits," 
" spasms,' 1 &c, which are no doubt sometimes erroneously considered as 
synonymous terms; under Hydrocephalus cases of "dropsy in the head," 
" effusion of the brain," " hydrocephalus internus," &c, under Phrenilis 
cases of "brain fever," " inflammation of the brain," &c. It appears from 
the tables that the whole of the diseases of this class have been 562, 980, and 
1515, or 66.4, 85.4, and 104 per 1000 in the different periods, showing a 
slight increase. The entries under each class, excepting epilepsy, insanity, 
and tetanus, also show an increase. Insanity has not appeared to increase, 
though some allowance should be made for the patients afflicted with this 
disease, who go to the Lunatic Asylums at Worcester and Charlestown, and 
sometimes die there. If these were considered in our reports they would 
probably show a different result, and a slight increase of the disease. The 
following statement shows the proportional prevalence of the three principal 
diseases of this class. 

1811—1820. 1821—1830. 1831—1839. 

Diseases. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. 

Apoplexy, 109 12.8 107 9.3 162 11.1 

Convulsions, 229 27. 309 26.9 419 28.7 

Hydrocephalus, 86 10.1 270 23.6 498 34.1 

2. Of the Organs of Respiration — Larynx, Windpipe, Air-tubes, Lungs, 
and Pleura. We have included under Pletirisy " pleurisy fever," " pleu- 
ritis," and " inflammation of the pleura; " under Phthisis, " phthisis pulmo- 
nalis," and "consumption," also 29 cases in 1820 to 1830, and 18 in 1830 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxv 

to 1839, returned as " decline," under Pneumonia, "lung fever," "pulmo- 
nic fever," and "inflammation of the lungs," under Quinsy " eynanche." 
In the different periods und r consideration, 2460, 2802, and 3214 deaths,, 
or 290.5, 244.8, and 220.5 per 1000, were caused by this class of diseases. 
This indicates a decrease of 70 per 1000 from the first to the last period. 
The following table will show the comparative prevalence of the principal 
diseases : 





1811- 


-1820. 


1821- 


-1830. 


1831- 


-1839. 




Number 
cases. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Number 
cases. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Number 
cases. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Pleurisy, 


35 


4.1 


40 


3.4 


83 


5.7 


Phthisis, 


1891 


223.3 


2054 


179. 


2066 


141.7 


Pneumonia, 


436 


51.4 


580 


50.5 


937 


64.2 



The leading disease of this class, and indeed of all classes, is phthisis, or 
consumption. From these tables it appears to have decreased over one- 
third from the first to the last period. Entire reliance, however, should not 
be placed on this statement. There is so much indefiniteness in the applica- 
tion of the term, consumption, as well as many other terms in our bills, 
that it should be regarded only as an approximation to the truth. The more 
accurate diagnosis recently observed has probably given a different classifi- 
cation to many cases, from that assigned to them in the first period. Con- 
sumption is, however, a most formidable disease, not in Boston peculiarly, 
but in all cities and country towns. Sufficient facts are known to show, that 
from one-fourth to one-seventh of all the deaths in the Northern and Middle 
states, and perhaps throughout the whole Union, and the civilized world, are 
caused by consumption. This frightful mortality is to be arrested, if at all, 
by means of prevention, rather than the cure of the disease after it has once 
become seated. Were a competent individual to write a popular treatise 
explaining the various causes of the disease, and the proper precautionary 
measures to be taken to prevent its attacks, to be read and observed by the 
people, its mortality might be greatly reduced. 

3. Of the Organs of Circulation — Heart, Arteries, Feins, Lymphatics. — 
Under Disease are embraced 9 cases of " dropsy of the heart," in 1836, and 
several cases of " angina pectoris " in different years. These diseases have 
increased, being 22, 81, and 191, or 2.5, 7. and 13.1 per 1000. Of the 
whole of this class, 24, 90, and 200, or 2.9, 7.9, and 13.7 per 1000 occurred 
in the different periods. It is supposed as the science of medicine progresses, 
and the diagnosis of disease becomes more perfect, that diseases of the heart 
will be found to be the cause of more deaths than at present supposed. 

4. Of the Digestive Organs. — Mouth, Q3sox>hagus, Stomach, &c. — Dys- 
pepsia, as a cause of death, appears less frequently in the two last periods 
than the first. Under Gastritis are included 3 cases of " gastric fever " in 
1837 ; under Disease the cases of " aphthae," " canker," " bowel complaints," 
and " piles." Canker has sometimes been considered synonymous with 
scarlatina or quinsy, and some cases should probably have been classed 



xxxvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 

among those diseases. The following statement will show the comparative 
prevalence of some of the principal diseases of this class : 





1811- 


-1820. 


1821- 


-1830. 


1831- 


-1839. 




N umber 
cases. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Number 
cases. 


Ratio per 

1000. 


Number 
cases. 


Ratio per 
1000. 


Enteritis, 


6 


.7 


162 


14.1 


320 


21.9 


Teething, 


39 


4.6 


83 


7.2 


247 


16.9 


Worms, 


21 


2.5 


26 


2.2 


51 


3.5 



Most of the other diseases specified have decreased, excepting those of the 
liver, and the other organs mentioned under the general head, and included 
under Disease. These have greatly increased. The whole number of cases 
were 231, 644, and 1K»7, or 27.3, 56.1, and 76, in the different periods. 

5. Of the Urinary Organs. — Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra. — 
Under Stone are included all who died of stone or gravel. In the first period 
there died of this disease 1 in 1411 of all diseases, in the second 1 in 546, 
and in the third 1 in 2082. Of all the diseases of this class 9, 30, and 22, 
or 1.1, 2.6, and 1.5 per 1000 occurred in the respective periods. 

6. Of the Organs of Generation. — Under childbed are included cases of 
" puerperal fever, 1 ' 63, 121, and 175, or 7.4, 10.5, and 12. per 1000, in the 
respective periods, occurred by this disease; and 64, 132, and 192, or 7.6, 
11.5, and 13.2 per 1000 of the Avhole deaths of this class. 

7. Of the Organs of Locomotion. — Under Rheumatism cases of " liieu- 
matic fever," 20, 40, and 40, have been caused by this disease ; and by the 
whole class 26, 61, and 68, or 3.1, 5.3, and 4.7 per 1000 of the whole deaths. 

8. Of the Integumentary System. — Skin, Cellular Tissue. — The deaths 
by this class were 3, 17, and 26, or .3, 1.5, and 1.8 per 1000 in the respective 
periods ; Ulcers produced the most deaths in this class. " Scurvy" was the 
cause of 1 death in 1833, and 1 in 1835. 

9. Of Uncertain serct. — The registered deaths by "Infantile Diseases'''' 
have been 1587, 883, and 867, or 187.4, 77.9, and 59.4 per 1000 in the re- 
spective periods. The " Sudden" Deaths have been 153, 83, and 70, or 
18.0, 7.2, and 4.6 per 1000, showing apparently a large decrease in both of 
these causes of death. A better acquaintance with morbid anatomy, moi'e 
accurate medical observation, and greater care in making the returns and rec- 
ords, have given more definite character to the causes of death, and assigned 
more of them to their proper place. Many cases, which would have been 
entered in the first period under these names, have in the last been entered 
under the other and more specific diseases of infancy, or under apojilexy, dis- 
eases of the heart, and other causes of "sudden" death. This has appar- 
ently decreased the number of cases of infantile diseases and sudden deaths, 
and increased the number of cases of other diseases in the tables. These 
facts are to be considered in estimating the comparative mortality of the dif- 
ferent diseases. The registered deaths by Intemjjcrancelv&ve increased, being 
65, 257, and 310, or 7, 22.4 and 21.2 per 1000 in the respective periods. 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxvii 

We are inclined to think, however, that the number of deaths by intemper- 
ance has not increased so much as the above statement might indicate, but that 
a different name may have been sometimes given to this cause of death. The 
cause of the disease, and not the disease itself, may have been entered. An 
inspection of the table will show great inequalities in the number of entries 
under different years from other causes. This is especially the case with 
Atrophy, under which are included the entries by "debility," "decline," 
"cachexia," "emaciation," " marasmus," &c. Since the laws of spoi'adic 
diseases are such, as to produce about the same proportion of deaths in the 
same population, in specific periods of time, it is certain that these entries 
cannot be relied on as being accurate causes of death. The whole number 
by all this class of diseases was 2266, 1841, and 2163, or 267.6, 160.5, and 
148.4 per 1000 of the whole deaths, showing considerable improvement in 
diagnosis, but showing also that much is yet to be done before the tables 
can be made as accurate as they should be. 

10. Old Age. — The entries under the very indefinite term " Old age' 1 '' 
were 379, 420, and 581, or 44.8, 36.6, and 39.9 per 1000 in the respective 
periods. It is worthy of consideration whether many of these cases might 
not have been entered under some specific disease. 

11. Deaths by Violence. — The greatest number from any single cause 
of death under this class is by Drowning, the pixmortion of which has 
varied, but not increased. The next greatest is inserted under the very inde- 
finite name of Casualties, including all who die from accidental causes. The 
next are by Burns and Scalds. The deaths by Suicide have stood 29, 50, 
and 95, or 3.4, 4.3, and 6.5 per 1000 in the respective periods, showing a 
small increase. Murders have decreased. The whole number by this 
class are 305, 499, and 611, or 36.0, 43.5, 41.9 per 1000 in the different 
periods, showing but little variation. 

12. Unknown Causes. — The tables state the number of deaths, of which 
the causes are unknown, to have been 945, 1917, and 1251, or 111.6, 167.1, 
and 85.8 per 1000 in the different periods. This number has varied, and is- 
now considerably decreased in proportion to the whole deaths, but it is still 
very much greater than it should be. Greater care on the part of the medi- 
cal profession, and in making the records would reduce it. 

From this view of the causes of death in Boston it appears that 1193, 
2037, and 3622 cases, or 140.8, 177.7, and 248.6 per 1000 of all the deaths 
were from epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases ; and that 7275, 9433, 
and 10,951 cases, or 859.2, 822.3, and 751.4 per 1000 of all the deaths were 
from sporadic diseases. This shows an increase of the first, and a decrease 
of the second division of diseases, in the respective periods. If, as has been 
stated, the great criterion of health is the comparative prevalence of one or 
the other of these two great divisions of diseases, it follows that Boston is 
not now quite as healthy as it was twenty or thirty years ago. This fact, 
I think, may be inferred also from other investigations given in this article. 



Sbattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



Table X, showing the number of deaths in Boston 





■ 




1811 


1812 


1813 


1814 


181S 


lMt 


1817 


ISIS 

1 


1819 


1 82U 
1 


1 Total 




( Intermittent 


2 


V 




1 Synochus 


12 


4 


6 


6 


2 


10 


12 


7 


42 


9 


110 


a 




| Spotted 




















1 


1 


£ 


1. Fevers. 


[ Typhus 


63 


23 


42 


80 


51 


23 


59 


119 


112 


51 


623 


Q 




1 Yellow 












10 


- 


1 


1 


1 


13 


p 

o 




L Total 


75 


27 


48 


86 


53 


43 


71 


12* 


155 


63 


15" 


- 


f Erysipelas 


_ 


- 


1 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 




1 Measles 


- 


- 


- 


- 


21 


6 


- 


1 


- 


- 


28 


D 


„ „ . . Scarlatina 


1 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


3 


1 


1 


12 


10 


29 


~ 


- Z™Pt™* \ Small-Pox 

Fevers. Thnlgh 


2 


- 


- 


- 


4 


- 


- 








6 


- 


I Total 


3 


- 


1 


1 


25 


9 


1 


2 


12 


10 


64 


0) 

— 


1 


f Cholera 


63 


2 


5 


3 


1 


5 


8 


3 


18 


14 


122 


H 




1 Croup 


1 


1 


1 


2 


6 


4 


11 


5 


9 


3 


43 




Dysentery 


29 


2 


5 


4 


12 


6 


23 


4 


13 


17 


115 


•- 

s 

1) 

— 


3. Not Classi- 
fied. 


1 Hydrophobia 
J Hooping-Cough 


14 


_ 


1 


1 
5 


2 


9 


19 


1 


3 


24 


1 

7S 


Influenza 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


— 


2 


2 


5 


1 




Syphilis 


12 


















4 


16 




L 


Total 


119 


5 


12 


15 


22 


24 


61 


13 


45 


64 


380 




r 


f Apoplexy 


13 


15 


15 


3 


3 


18 


17 


9 


6 


10 


109 






Convulsions 


40 


12 


21 


15 


23 


18 


42 


29 


20 


19 


229 




1. Of the Ner- 


Delirium Tremens 


























vous System 


Epilepsy 


























and Senses. 


Hydrocephalus 


33 


6 


2 


3 


3 


12 


- 


4 


23 


- 


86 




', iDsanity 


1 


2 


- 


2 


2 


2 


- 


- 


3 


2 


14 




Brain, Spinal 


Paralysis 


12 


6 


6 


9 


11 


8 


6 


6 


- 


16 


80 




Marrow, 


Phrenitis 


- 


I 


- 


1 


3 


1 


6 


2 


1 


7 


22 




Nerves, Eyes, 


Tetanus 


2 


1 


- 


2 


- 


1 


1 


- 


- 


- 


7 




Ears. 


Disease 

Total 


101 


43 


1 
45 


1 
36 


2 

47 


1 
61 


72 


60 


53 


54 


5 


562 




2. Of the Or- 


'Asthma 


_ 


2 


1 
















3 




gans of Res- 


Bronchitis 














- 




- 


- 


- 




piration. 


Hydrothorax 


- 


- 


2 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


2 






Pleurisy 


8 


2 


V 


3 


2 


1 


4 


3 


8 


2 


35 




Larynx, 


Phthisis 


221 


190 


193 


153 


190 


180 


231 


138 


175 


220 


1891 




Windpipe, ] 


Pneumonia 


46 


40 


41 


■2f, 


67 


61 


47 


36 


46 


26 


436 




Air tubes, 


Quinsy 


15 


17 


8 


10 


7 


16 


6 


4 


4 


6 


93 


- 
C3 


Lungs, Pleura. 


Disease 

Total 


290 


- 
251 


252 


192 


266 


258 


288 


181 


■>■!* 


254 




2460 


i ! 


3. Of the Or- 


























gans of Cir- 


Aneurism 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


2 




culation. 


Pericarditis 
























i i 


< 


Disease 


1 


1 


1 


_ 


- 


1 


2 


5 


3 


8 


22 


r 1 


Heart, Arte- 



























_ 


ries, Veins, 


Total 


2 


1 


1 


- 


- 


1 


2 


6 


3 


8 


24 


Lymphatics. (. 
























i 




Ascites 

Colic 

Constipation 


2 


2 


2 


I 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


5 




4. Of the Di- 


Dyspepsia 


15 


2 


16 


- 


1 


18 


12 


12 


2 


11 


89 




gestive Or- \ 


Enteritis 


1 


















5 


6 




gans. 


Gastritis 
Hernia 


1 
3 














1 




3 


1 

8 


1 


Mouth, (Eso- 
phagus, Sto- J 
mach, Small 


Peritonitis 

Tabes Mesenterica 

Teething 

Worms 


15 

11 


1 
10 


2 


1 


2 


1 


2 


- 


7 

7 


3 
3 


3 
39 
21 




Colon, Rectum, 
Pancreas, Liv- 
er, (jail. Blad- 
der, Spleen. 


Disease 






















1 




Hepatitis 


10 


4 


5 


3 

2 


3 

1 


2 
3 


" 


5 


6 
1 


6 
1 


25 
30 




Disease of the Liver 


- 


- 


- 


_ 




1 


_ 


_ 






1 






Disease of the Spleen 














- 








1 


i 


1 


Total 


58 


20 


25 


6 


7 


25 


15 1 


18 


24 


33 1 


231 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



by d 


isease in each year, 


from 1811 to 1839. 






















1821 


1822 


18231824 


1825 


1826 


1827 


1828 


1829 


1830 


Total 1831 


1832 


is: ',3 


is:u 


1835, 


1836 


1837 


183S 


1839| Total 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


2 


1 


1 


5 


2 


1 


_ 


_ 


4 


2 


3 




1 


13 


18 


10 


- 


19 


12 


22 


9 


21 


8 


14 


133 


15 


5 


20 


8 


23 


13 


_ 


3 


9 


96 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 












2 


1 


















1 


45 


34 


43 


62 


54 


50 


46 


46 


4.", 


33 


458 


43 


60 


73 


70 


101 


68 


93 


43 


60 


611 


- 


2 


1 


1 


- 


1 


- 


- 


1 


- 


6 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 








c,:; 


46 


44 


83 


68 


73 


55 


69 


55 


48 


604 


61 


66 


93 


78 


12S 


83 


96 


46 


70 


721 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


8 


3 


_ 


_ 


12 


2 


4 


4 


12 


9 


3 


6 


17 


8 


65 


149 


3 


- 


2 


77 


10 


- 


- 


78 


13 


332 


2 


70 


2 


1 


188 


31 


23 


20 


3 


340 


4 


1 


1 


- 


4 


16 


8 


3 


4 


5 


40 


84 


200 


90 


39 


73 


31 


50 


106 


?:?.?. 


895 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 


- 


3 


2 


- 


1 


8 


4 


2 


- 


4 


7 


6 


13 


3 


60 


99 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 


1 


4 


- 


- 


- 


- 


3 


- 


- 


- 


- 


3 


153 


4 


1 


4 


83 


26 


19 


9 


83 


20 


402 


92 


276 


96 


56 


2S0 


71 


92 


146 


293 


1402 


15 


5 


15 


IS 


24 


17 


8 


26 


1 


20 


149 


21 


93 


20 


30 


30 


30 


80 


61 


42 


407 


11 


10 


13 


30 


30 


24 


25 


25 


35 


42 


245 


53 


40 


43 


43 


32 


31 


44 


44 


46 


376 


73 


40 


37 


69 


60 


48 


27 


31 


21 


23 


429 


29 


24 


41 


48 


45 


38 


45 


65 


37 


372 


26 


5 


17 


13 


27 


23 


6 


40 


11 


16 


184 


26 


22 


28 


38 


44 


17 


19 


28 


34 


256- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


7 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


7 


22 


24 


1 


4 


2 


2 


15 


2 


_ 


72 


1 
126 


'2 
62 


1 
83 


3 
133 


3 
151 


1 
113 


1 
67 


3 
125 


1 
69 


1 
102 


17 
1031 


151 


4 

207 


133 


3 

166 


2 

155 


118 


4 
207 


2 
202 


1 
162 


16 


1499 


7 


6 


11 


9 


12 


10 


10 


18 


12 


12 


107 


11 


15 


19 


9 


19 


19 


31 


19 


20 


162 


22 


11 


22 


36 


48 


53 


29 


32 


28 


28 


309 


34 


41 


39 


50 


51 


50 


52 


60 


42 


419 


5 


- 


7 


4 


7 


5 


1 


7 


- 


2 


38 


6 


10 


3 


1 


4 


5 


11 


10 


8 


5S 


1 


2 


1 





_ 


1 


3 


- 


2 


- 


12 


- 


1 


1 


1 


2 


_ 


_ 


2 


2 


9 


6 


1 


11 


33 


38 


29 


24 


38 


42 


48 


270 


51 


44 


52 


53 


48 


68 


59 


67 


56 


498 


4 


2 


- 


2 


- 


1 


5 


1 


3 


4 


22 


1 


- 


- 


1 


10 


4 


_ 


_ 


3 


19 


22 


10 


5 


12 


14 


9 


6 


10 


11 


14 


113 


11 


19 


12 


13 


19 


11 


13 


7 


14 


119 


15 


17 


16 


- 


3 


3 


7 


5 


7 


- 


73 


- 


- 


11 


10 


- 


5 


23 


25 


11 


85 


- 


1 


- 


2 


- 


1 


- 


1 


1 


- 


6 


- 


1 


- 


1 


1 


2 


_ 




1 


6 


82 


1 
51 


1 

74 


ion 


1 

123 


6 

118 


6 
91 


112 


7 
113 


8 
116 


30 


15 
129 


19 
180 


7 
144 


10 
149 


8 
162 


15 
179 


31 

220 


23 

213 


12 
160 


140 


980 


1515 


1 


2 


1 


2 


2 


1 


2 


1 


- 


1 


13 


2 
1 


1 


3 


4 
1 


- 


4 


2 
1 


2 

1 


8 
1 


25 
6 


2 


_ 


5 


14 


3 


9 


6 


1 


4 


3 


47 


4 


6 


7 


1 


_ 


6 


9 


5 


3 


41 


_ 





4 


7 


6 


7 


3 


2 


4 


2 


40 


4 


3 


8 


11 


13 


14 


18 


10 


2 


83 


216 


166 


1S4 


246 


220 


231 


17S 


217 


203 


193 


2054 


203 


246 


240 


246 


20S 


233 


212 


256 


222 


2066 


31 


41 


38 


77 


67 


41 


36 


89 


90 


68 


580 


97 


106 


77 


90 


141 


99 


114 


113 


100 


937 


5 


7 


5 


11 


- 


5 


2 


1 


3 


4 


43 


5 


6 


2 


3 


6 


5 


- 


_ 


3 


30 


- 


- 


- 


15 


- 


2 


- 


2 


6 


- 


25 


- 


- 


3 


5 


1 


3 


8 


2 


4 


26 


255 


221 


237 


372 


298 


296 


229 


313 


310 


271 


2802 


316 


368 


340 


361 


369 


364 


364 


3S9 


343 


3214 




- 


1 


7 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 
8 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


3 

2 


o 


- 


4 
5 


5 


3 


8 


4 


10 


14 


7 


7 


10 


13 


81 


15 


13 


16 


25 


14 


23 


27 


28 


30 


191 


5 


3 


9 


11 


10 


14 


8 


7 


10 


13 


90 


15 


13 


16 


25 


14 


24 


32 


31 


30 


200 




3 


1 


2 


4 
3 

7 


4 


2 


3 


3 


2 


24 

3 

15 


4 


4 


4 


1 


- 


- 


10 


1 


5 


30 


3 


_ 


3 


_ 


1 


1 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


2 


3 


3 


1 


_ 


1 


11 


10 


5 


15 


13 


15 


24 


12 


33 


21 


14 


162 


18 


31 


23 


38 


30 


35 


41 


54 


50 


320 


_ 


_ 


-. 


4 


_ 


1 


_ 


2 


- 


2 


9 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


3 


6 


_ 


10 


: 


1 


2 


2 

1 


2 
3 


2 


- 


1 


1 


1 


12 

4 


1 












1 
1 


3 


- 


5 
1 


- 

- 




2 


10 


15 


8 


23 




13 


12 


83 


10 


21 


30 


36 


24 


5 


22 


30 


29 


247 




4 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


1 


3 


1 


26 


3 


7 


7 


5 


6 


7 


4 


3 


9 


51 


i 


- 


- 


22 


41 


25 


39 


20 


18 


16 


182 


28 


38 


31 


29 


44 





7 


10 


33 


310 


3 


7 


3 


- 


16 

10 


1 
5 


3 


2 


1 
1 


- 


18 
34 


1 


3 


5 


2 


1 


1 


1 


4 


3 


21 


5 


_ 


6 


_ 


_ 


11 


7 


10 


14 


17 


70 


11 


9 


12 


8 


25 


14 


8 


5 


9 


101 


1 
















1 


- 


2 


1 




















23 


20 


35 


57 


119 


86 


91 


72 


76 


65 


644 


77 


114 


113 


121 


133 


195 


99 


117 


139 


1107 ' 



xl 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



Table X, showing the number of deaths in Boston 



- 

a 
-. 

I 

— 

O 
— 
■J} 


5. Of the, Urin- 
ary Organs. 

Kidneys, Ure-' 

ters, Bladder, 

Urethra. 

6. Of the Or- 
gans of Gen- 
eration. 

7. Of the n,-' 
gans of Lo- 
comotion. 

Joints, Bones, 

Ligaments, 
Tendons, Mus- 
cles, j 

8. Of the In- 
fi gumentary 
System. , 

Skin, Cellular 
Tissue. 

9. Of unci rtain 
scat. 

10. OfoldAge.- 

11. Death* by 
Violence. 


f" Diabetes 

Cystitis 
Nephritis 

Stone 
Disease 

Total 

Childbed 
Diseases 

Total 

Rheumatism 
Disease 

Total 

Carbuncle 
Fistula 
Ulcer 
Disease 

Total 

'Abscess 
Atrophy 
Cancer 
Debility 
Dropsy 
Gout 

Haemorrhage 
Infantile Diseases 
Inflammation , 
Intemperance 
Malformation 
Mortification 
Scrofula 
Sudden Deaths 
Tumor 

Total 

-Old Age. 

' Burns and Scalds 
Casualties 

Drinking Cold Water 
Drowned 
Fracture 
Frozen 
Hanged 
Murdered 
Poisoned 
Suffocation 
Suicide 

Total 

I'nknown Causes 


1811 

14 
14 

1 
2 

3 

«2 
20 

5 
28 
21 

3 

4 

2 
11 
25 


lsi- 

1 

1 
5 

5 

16 

1 

133 

12 

4 

24 

190 

35 

2 
6 

10 

1 

Z 

22 
32 


1813 

1 

1 
5 

5 

1 

1 

17 
1 

1 
206 

7 
11 

245 

48 

2 
9 

15 

1 
1 

28 
39 


1814 

6 
6 

1 

1 

1 

17 
2 

208 

8 

1 

14 

251 

39 

5 
3 

10 

1 
19 
43 


1815 

4 
4 

1 
1 

1 

6 

14 
1 

222 

6 

1 

11 

262 

44 

5 
4 

12 

1 

1 

6 
29 
71 


1816 

12 

12 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 
37 
2 

12 

1 
195 

3 

13 

21 

286 

37 

5 
5 

12 

2 

4 
28 
84 


1817 

3 

3 
3 

3 

7 

7 

3 

11 

36 

3 
157 

3 

9 

1 

13 

236 
50 

9 

7 

13 

1 

3 
33 
32 


IMS 

1 
1 

•j 
4 

4 

1 

1 
5 

3 

2 

23 

1 

4 

156 

3 

4 
2 
12 

2 


1819 

2 
2 

6 
6 

1 
1 

3 
9 
23 

5 

147 

11 

'l 
13 

212 

29 

3 

8 

2 

13 

1 

1 
1 
4 

33 

178 


lS'.'O 

■2 

2 

S 
1 

9 

3 
1 

4 

1 

1 

4 

14 

4 

4 

163 

31 

7 
8 
9 

246 

39 

3 
12 

1 
9 
1 

4 
2 
3 

6 

41 

187 


Total 

2 
6 

1 

9 

63 
1 

64 

20 

6 

26 

1 
2 

3 

13 
58 
32 
44 
193 
12 
23 
1587 

65 

69 

14 

153 

3 


12 
2 

1 

1 


1 
6 

; 

6 
2 
3 

1 


21 
3 

1 
1 


7 

j 

2 
4 
2 

2 

4 


2266 

379 

42 
84 

7 
119 

2 

5 
6 
6 
5 

29 






3 
4 


s 
3 


: 
23 


i 
7 


305 
945 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xli 



by disease in each year, from- 1811 to 1839. — continued. 



1821 


1822 


1823 


1S24 


lszo 


1026 


1S27 
1 


1828 
1 


1829 


1830 
1 


Total. 


1831 


1832 


is:;; 


1834 
1 


1835 


1S36 
1 


18: ',7 
2 


ls:;s 
1 


1839 


Total. 
5 


3 










1 












1 






















1 


3 


2 


2 


2 


4 


2 


1 


2 


2 


21 




1 




1 


1 


3 






1 


7 


1 


3 


3 
5 


1 
3 


3 


4 


3 


2 


2 


1 
4 


5 




2 
3 


1 
1 


3 
5 


1 


1 
5 


2 
4 


1 

2 


1 


10 


30 


22 


7 


9 


5 


13 


17 


12 


11 


L4 


17 


16 


121 


14 


14 


17 


14 


29 


23 


19 


27 


18 


175 


2 
9 


9 


5 


4 
17 


17 


12 


1 
12 


2 
16 


2 
19 


16 


11 


14 


1 
15 


17 


14 


1 
30 


2 
25 


5 
24 


7 
34 


1 

19 


17 
192 


132 


6 


2 


2 


9 


6 


4 


4 


2 


3 


2 


40 


4 


3 


4 


c 


4 


7 


3 


6 


4 


40 


2 

8 


1 
3 


2 
4 


3 
12 


2 

8 


2 
6 


1 
5 


1 
3 


3 

6 


4 

6 


21 

61 


2 
6 


3 
6 


5 
9 


2 
7 


3 

7 


4 
11 


3 


5 
11 


4 
8 


28 


68 






1 


1 




2 


'l 


3 


1 


1 


3 

7 


1 


















1 










• 


• 


1 




1 




2 


3 


2 


1 


1 


9 


1 


3 






20 




1 
1 


1 


1 


1 
1 


3 
5 


2 


3 


2 


1 


5 


1 

5 


1 
3 


1 


1 

2 


2 
11 


1 


3 






5 


17 


26 


3 


5 


4 


9 


2 


fi 


2 


2 


1 


3 


37 


4 


8 


4 


4 




3 


5 


5 


5 


38 


1 


1 


9 


13 


12 












36 






2 


10 


31 


23 


32 


54 


34 


186 


3 


12 


3 


9 


7 


6 


4 


5 


3 


6 


58 





5 


12 


15 


9 


6 


14 


12 


8 


86 


8 


4 


6 


16 




18 


6 


6 


10 


8 


82 


20 


15 


12 


13 


29 


11 


1 


5 


11 


117 


32 


43 


18 


12 


28 


32 


25 


20 


12 


1ft 


237 


28 


38 


24 


27 


38 


35 


42 1 


23 


28 


283 




1 


2 


2 


1 


1 






1 




8 






1 


1 




1 






3 


1 


2 
















7 


10 














3 


4 


5 


12 


153 


244 


184 


32 


44 


40 


35 


55 


55 


41 


883 


56 


70 


100 


95 


111 


176 


59 


112 


88 


867 








a 




3 


4 


4 


11 


1 


26 


3 


3 




1 


2 


1 


4 


20 


1 


35 


31 


25 


10 


22 


23 


38 


25 


34 


30 


19 


257 


38 


44 


40 


39 


37 


41 


17 


24 

1 


30 

1 


310 
2 


8 


8 


4 


12 


8 


9 


9 


7 


8 


4 


77 


9 


9 


4 


9 


10 


6 


11 


3 




61 





2 


4 


3 


4 


1 


2 


5 


4 


ft 


3ft 


2 


3 


5 


8 


13 


9 


13 


5 


7 


65 


6 


9 


5 


7 


35 




3 


2 


7 


9 


83 


5 


9 





4 


12 


12 




13 


10 


70 


1 






2 


1 


2 


3 






3 


12 


5 


2 


2 


2 


7 


1 


1 


3 


5 


28 


252 


356 


249 


142 


165 


156 


118 


140 


142 


121 


1S41 


175 


206 


211 


22S 


299 


325 


202 


284 


233 


2163 


31 


36 


39 


33 


3S 


40 


37 


54 


65 


47 


420 


67 


62 


57 


54 


72 


82 


69 


65 


53 


581 


14 


4 


3 


15 


5 


13 


8 





ft 


10 


S6 


16 


10 


11 


5 


11 


10 


12 


20 


15 


110 


18 


17 


24 


2 

2 


11 
6 


14 


14 


14 


12 


8 


134 

10 


14 
1 


18 


19 


22 
1 


25 
1 


32 


14 


22 
3 


16 


182 
6 


19 


21 


16 
2 


IS 


21 
1 


22 

'l 

1 


21 


16 
2 


19 
1 


15 
2 


18S 
ft 
4 

1 


15 
1 

1 


22 


10 
2 


2ft 
1 


16 

7 


17 

1 

2 


23 


19 

1 


30 
2 


177 
7 
2 
9 


1 


6 






1 












8 








1 




3 






1 


5 










1 


1 


1 


2 


1 




6 


1 






3 


1 






4 


1 


10 


1 


2 




1 


1 




1 




1 




7 


2 


2 


2 






2 








8 


2 
55 


5 

55 


3 

48 


5 
43 


4 
51 


5 

57 


4 
49 


9 
54 


5 

44 


8 
43 


50 


12 

63 


8 
60 


14 

68 


11 
69 


9 

70 


13 

80 


10 
59 


8 
77 


1 
75 


95 


499 


611 


241 


218 


211 


197 


227 


161 


153 


180 


160 


152 


1917 


1S2 


126 


85 


105 


88 


85 


269 


18'J 


129 


1251 



xlii 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



Table XI, showing the number of deaths, and the ratio per 1000 />>/ each class of diseases, 
in the three periods, 1811-1820. 1821-1830, and 1831-1839. 



Diseases. 


1811- 


1820. 


1821- 


1830. 


1831- 


1839. 


Number 


Huti" 


Numher 


Ratio 


Number 






of deaths. 


per WOO. 


of deaths. 


rer 1000. 


of deaths. 


per 1000. 


Fevers, 


749 


88.4 


604 


52.7 


721 


49.5 


Eruptive Fevers, ... - 


64 


7.5 402 


35.1 


1402 


96.2 


Not classified, - 

Total Epidemic, Endemic, &c. diseases, 

Nervous system, - 


380 


44.9 


1031 


89.9 


1499 


102.9 


1193 


140.8 


2037 


177.7 


3622 


248.6 


562 


66.4 


980 


85.4 


1515 


104.0 


Organs of Respiration. 


2460 


290.5 


2802 


244.3 


3214 


220.5 


Organs of Circulation, - 


25 


2.9 


90 


7.9 


200 


13.7 


Digestive Organs, ... 


231 


27.3 


644 


56.1 


1107 


76.0 


Urinary Organs, .... 


9 


1.1 


30 


2.6 


22 


1.5 


Organs of Generation, 


64 


7.6 


132 


11.5 


192 


13.2 


Organs of Locomotion, - 


26 


3.1 


61 


5.3 


68 


4.7 


Integumentary Svstem, 


3 


.3 


17 


1.5 


26 


1.8 


Uncertain seat, .... 


2266 


267.6 


1841 


160.5 


2163 


148.4 


Old Age, 


379 


44.8 


420 


36.6 


581 


39.9 


Deaths by violence, ... 


305 


36.0 


499 


43.5 


611 


41.9 


Unknown causes, ... 
Total Sporadic diseases, - 

General Total, - - - - 


945 


111.6 


1917 


167.1 


1251 


85.8 


7275 


859.2 


9433 


822.3 


10951 


751.4 


846S 


1000.0 


11470 


1000.0 


14573 


1000.0 



This article has already extended so far that the author is induced to 
omit all comparisons between Boston and other places, in regard to the pre- 
valence of particular diseases, or the general mortality. He has a series 
of the bills of mortality of the principal cities in the United States, and a 
great mass of similar facts from Europe, which he reserves for a future con- 
sideration. 



Since the foregoing article was in the hands of the printer the population 
of Boston, and the bill of mortality for 1840 have been obtained ; and it is 
deemed expedient to annex the following abstract of these documents. 

A census was taken by authority of the state, on the first day of May, for 
the purpose of an apportionment of the representatives in the legislature, 
which excluded some classes of the inhabitants. According to the census of 
the United States the whole population was 93,470, whites 91,188, or 97.55 
per cent., and coloured 2321, or 2.55 per cent. Of these 10,805 were 
returned as engaged in navigation, a large portion of whom, being constantly 
absent, should not be embraced in the comparative estimates of the deaths to 
the living. The white population, among whom the recorded deaths occur, 
may be estimated at 84,311, and the coloured at 2321. The deaths in 1840, 
exclusive of the stillborn, were 1841 whites, or 1 in 47, or 2.10 per cent, 
and 64 coloured, or 1 in 36, or 2.75 per cent, being about the average for the 



Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 



xliii 



previous years. The whites were distributed according to ages, as in the 
following table. The male deaths were 951, and the female 890. There 
were 45 more males than females died under five years of age. 



Age. 


Population in 1840. 


Deaths in 1840. 


Number 

in each 

age. 


Number 
surviving 
each age. 


Proport'n 

in each 

age. 


Proport'n 
surviving 
each age. 


Number 

in each 

age. 


Number 

surviving 
each age. 


Proport'n 

in each 

age. 


Proport'n 
surviving 
each age. 


Proport'n 
to living 
each age. 


Under 5 


11393 


84.311 


13.51 


100. 


784 


1777 


44.12 


100.00 


6.88 


5 to 10 


8725 


79.918 


10.35 


86.49 


70 


993 


3.94 


55.88 


.80 


10 to 20 


15809 


64.193 


18.75 


76.14 


100 


923 


5.63 


51.94 


.63 


20 to 30 


22337 


48.384 


26.49 


57.39 


200 


823 


11.26 


46.31 


.99 


30 to 40 


13666 


26.047 


16.21 


30 90 


226 


623 


12.72 


35.05 


1.65 


40 to 50 


6546 


12.381 


7.77 


14.69 


133 


597 


7.48 


22.33 


2.03 


50 to 60 


3404 


5.835 


4.04 


6.92 


110 


464 


6.19 


14.85 


3.23 


60 to 70 


1561 


2.431 


1.85 


2.88 


69 


154 


3.88 


8.66 


4.42 


70 to 80 


641 


.870 


.76 


1.03 


47 


85 


2.64 


4.78 


7.33 


80 to 90 


202 


.229 


.24 


.27 


33 


38 


1.86 


2.14 


15.95 


Over 90 


27 


.027 


.03 


.03 


5 


5 


.28 


.28 


18.55 


84311 




100.00 




1777 




100.00 




2.10 



Disease. — Of 533 deaths caused by endemic, epidemic, [and contagious 
diseases, 97 were from fevers, 202 from eruptive fevers, and'234 from others 
not classified. Of these 89 were by typhus fever, 76 by scarlatina, 116 by 
small pox, 55 by cholera, 58 by dysentery, and 70 by whooping cough, 
showing, by comparing it with Table X, an increased prevalence of some 
diseases, and a decrease of others. 

Of the 1308 deaths caused by sporadic diseases, 200 were by diseases of 
the nervous system, 402 of the organs of respiration, 18 of the organs of cir- 
culation, 126 of the organs of digestion, 1 of the urinary organs, 24 of the 
organs of generation, 8 of the organs of locomotion, 5 of the integumentary 
system, 295 of uncertain seat, 64 of old age, 79 by violence, and 86 by 
unknown causes. The stillborn were 131 . This shows no peculiar'feature 
in the prevalence of these diseases, when compared with the prevalence of 
the same diseases for the previous nine years. 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



K 
X 

T-l 


H 



x 



C 

ft 

P 

H 
H 

Q 









t^ 


iO 


■o 


t^ 




•s^ox 


CN 


-nT 


o 


-M 




a 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


o 


















S3 


S 


o 


o 


o 


o 




P 












Ci© 


* 1 ° 


o 


O 1 o 




S3 ! 


o 


o 


- H ! ^ 




d &" 


H 


!M 


O CO 




80-9 












S 1 


— ' 


T— 1 


O !M 




d 


fa* 


o 


GM 


T-( 1 CO 




d 












s 1 


1— 1 


C<« 


O CO 




d 
d 

CD 


fa 


1—1 


i—l 


i-H CO 




s 


i-H 


i-H 


CO >o 




d 

CO 

d 


fa 


1— 1 


<M 


co co 




s 1 


— 


<M 


CO CO 




d 

U3 


fa 


— ' 


O 


<N GO 




s 


tM 


CO 


O 1 o 




<* 






1 *H 








C^ 


r—, 


CO 1 CO 




o 


fa 










d 












. 


O 


CO 


O 1 GO 




CO 


s 






1 








O 


03 


O 1 CM 




o 


fa 






| 




CO 

d 












. 


GNJ 


o 


(N 1 "* 




CM 


s 






| 








o 


<M 


O 


-M 




o 


fa 












d 














. 


1—1 


c 


GNJ 1 CO 




i-H 


s 






1 








~^ 


,— , 


GM 


-tf 




d 


fa 


























it* 


s 


o 


GN 


O 1 GM 

1 








1—1 


CO 


i-l | o 






fa 










us 














o 


o 


O 1 o 






s 














CO 


^H 


-* 


CO 






fa 












« 
















1 <N 


— 


^ 






s 






1 








1 ^ 


CO 


(M 1 t> 




U s-i 


fa 






^ | H 
















fl!>> 




CO 


'O 


■* | GM 




PrH 


as 






-- 




© 












i-H 












00 












•H 




CO 


CO 






* 


Si 


£i 










co 

Si 
O 

O 


CO 

> 
o 


s 

o 

CO 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 










00 


>-~ 


X 


CO 


-M 


co 


o 


Ci 


© 


OS 


© 


rH 


t^ | 








l« 


.- 


CO 


** 


>o 


CO 


t- 


00 


t^ 


CO 


i-H 


■SIBJOX 


























L^ 


a \ fa 


c 


O 


r 


r 


- 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 






























a • 


o 


o 


© 


O 


© 


o 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


o 


— 


P 1 S 




























§§ 


fa* 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


c 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


s 


o 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


- 


o 


© 


© 


CO 


1-1 


i-H 


© U* 


rH 


o 


CM 


o 


T— 1 


"-' 


o 


o 


— 


© 


© 


© 


■o 
































o 
ao 


s 


" 


o 


° 


CM 


o 


o 


• i-H 


= 


© 


CM 


© 


•— 


t- 


o 


fa 


T— 1 


~ 


i-H 


i-H 


CM 


-* 


CO 


rH 


— ' 


CM 


CM 


© 


CM 




• 


o 


© 


CO 


o 


o 


1—1 


1—1 


1—1 


CM 


© 


(M 


© 


© 


° S 


























i-H 


d 
d 

CD 


fa 


CO 


CM 


CM 


i-H 


" 


o 


CM 


rt 


CM 


CM 


CM 


co 


i-H 
CM 


s 


i-H 


o 


-' 


CM 


i-H 


CM 


CM 


o 


■— ' 


,-H 


CM 


i-H 


OS 
i-H 


, 




1—1 


o 


(M 


,_H 


CM 


CM 


*o 


^H 


i-H 


CM 


i-H 


© 


CO 


fa 


























CM 


s 


o 


CM 


CO 


CM 


i—l 


i—i 


CO 


CM 


1—1 


CO 


rH 


1-H 


© 


IO 


























CM 






CM 


<N 


CO 


CO 


CO 


i— i 


»a 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CM 


Tji 


>o 


o 


fa 


























co 


d 






























. 


o 


CM 


1— 1 


GO 


Tf 


CO 


i— i 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


IO 


00 


* 


s 
















i-H 










- 




1—1 


oo 


o 


r- 1 


(M 


co 


rr 


rH 


CO 


co 


CM 


rH 


co 


d fa 


























•* 


<* 






























o 




CM 


t- 


co 


"tf 


Tti 


<M 


CO 


CM 


i-H 


CM 


rH 


i-H 


rH 


CO 


§ 


























-* 






t(i 


^CH 


00 


-* 


l>- 


•* 


i-h 


o 


CM 


co 


l^ 


t- 


■^ 


d 


fa 


























iO 


CO 






























. 


CO 


CO 


CM 


>o 


-* 


i— i 


CO 


iO 


rH 


1-H 


iQ 


00 


t- 


CM 


s 


























^ 




# 


o 


CM 


i—i 


T— 1 


CO 


© 


o 


i-H 


CM 


© 


CO 


© 


CO 


d 


fa 


























r-{ 


« 






























. 


o 


o 


T— 1 


o 


<M 


rH 


i-H 


CM 


,-H 


© 


CM 


CM 


CM 


»H 


s 


























^ 


d 

i-H 


fa 


o 


o 


r "' 


o 


CM 


^ 


o 


o 


CM 


© 


"- 1 


° 


** 


s* 


o 


o 


o 


° 


^H 


1-1 


CO 


o 


© 


© 


© 


^ 


CO 






T— ( 


1—1 


,-H 


o 


^H 


_, 


1-H 


i-H 


© 


CM 


© 


^ 


CO 


. 


fa 


























^ 
































. 


o 


CO 


CO 


o 


CM 


rH 


o 


o 


© 


rH 


CO 


CM 


00 




a 


























■- 




. 


rH 


,-H 


CM 


1— 1 


^ 


rH 


i-H 


t> 


l> 


co 


rH 


^ 


© 




fa 




















rH 






^ 


est 
































CM 


i-H 


1-H 


CO 


CO 


o 


H 


1— 1 


rH 


,-H 


OS 


CO 


CM 




s 




















i-H 






■* 






HO 


co 


-H 


o 


** 


CO 


rH 


t- 


© 


CO 


CM 


CO 


00 


u H 


fa 








— ■ 










i-H 


^H 


i-H 




C5 


t3 a> 
a >> 






























. 


*tf 


o 


t> 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CM 


00 


© 


© 


CM 


"* 


CO 


^ 


s 


















i-H 


i-H 






© 


fh 




















• 








1-H 




























X) 

1-H 


>> 


>. 














CD 




CD 
rQ 


CD 
X2 








a 

CT, 
•-3 


ft 


£1 

p 


<»1 


>-> 


CD 

a 


r^ 


CO 

OB 

< 


y 

as 

CD 

32 


CD 

"o 
o 
O 


g 

CD 

O 


a 

CD 
CD 
CD 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



Diseases and Causes op Death in Boston in 1811. 



Abscess 1 

Aneurism 1 

Apoplexy 13 

Burns 6 

Cancer 5 

Casualties 15 

Child- bed ...... 14 

Cholera-morbus .... 6 

Colic 2 

Consumption 221 

Convulsions 36 

Cramp in stomach ... 2 

Croup 1 

Debility 28 

Decay 20 

Drinking cold water . . 2 

Dropsy 21 

Dropsy in head .... 33 

Drowned 13 

Dysentery 14 

Dyspepsia 15 

Fever, bilious .... 7 

" inflammatory . . 24 

" pulmonic .... 46 

" putrid 6 

" typhus .... 33 

Flux, infantile . . . . 57 

Gout ....... 3 

Hemorrhage 4 

Hernia or rupture ... 3 



Indigestion 15 

Inflammation, bowels . . 1 

" stomach . . 1 

Insanity 1 

Intemperance 2 

Jaundice 10 

Killed by lightning ... 1 

Lock-jaw 2 

Mortification 11 

Old age 26 

Palsy 12 

Pleurisy 8 

Quinsy 15 

Rheumatism 1 

Rupture of blood-vessel . 1 

Small-pox 2 

Sore throat 1 

Spasms 2 

Still-born 49 

Sudden 25 

Suicide 1 

Syphilis 12 

Teething 15 

Unknown diseases ... 48 

White swelling .... 2 

Whooping-cough . 14 

Worms 11 



* Total . 



941 



* This tabulation evidently includes also the deaths in the last three months of 181U, 
recorded in page 1. — W. H. W. 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







TO 


-M 


C5 


o 


1^ 


CO 


co 


co 


i— i 


l> 


■<* 


© 


__ 


■srmoi 


CO 


** 


■>* 


>o 


l^ 


iO 


o 


-* 


'O 


CO 




CO 


CO 

CO 


§1 


fa 


1 - 


o 


o 


o 


o 


*~ 


rt 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CM 


1 o 


SS 


i ~ 


o 


o 


O 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


- 




6 

S3 


fa 


1° 


I— 1 


1—1 


o 


1—1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


I CO 


O 
00 


s 


1° 


<M 


o 


1-1 


^^ 


o 


o 


-< 


o 


CM 


I— I 


c 


1 °° 


6 

00 


1 fa 


1 co 


i—l 


1-1 


1—1 


CO 


1—1 


o 


© 


1—1 


CM 


1—1 


«-' 


1 '" 


o 


s 


1 «-* 


CM 


CM 


<N 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


1-1 


o 


o 


^ 


— 


d 

6 
co 


fa* 


1° 


^ 


CM 


CM 


CM 


o 


- 1 


o 


o 


CM 


CM 


CN 


1 ~* 


s 


1 - 


O 


— ' 


O 


CM 


1—1 


*tf 


1—1 


CM 


o 


CM 


^ 


1 "° 
1 1—1 

1 -^ 






1 n 


CM 


CM 


CM 


"* 


CM 


o 


,_, 


CM 


1—1 


,— i 


r- ( 


o 


fa 


























I CM 


CD 

6 




1 




























CM 


1—1 


(M 


i— 1 


i—l 


»o> 


1— 1 


I—l 


CM 


H 


o 


i— l 


I X 


us 


s 


























1 i— 1 




, 


1 °° 


i—i 


"* 


t~ 


co 


«# 


CO 


iC 


CM 


CM 


CM 


r— 1 


1 O I 


o 


fa 


























1 ~ T 


6 




1 
























1 


. 


CO 


CO 


t> 


"* 


cm 


— i 


CO 


Tj< 


CO 


i— 1 


CM 


'M 


1 >- 


«* 


a 


























1 CO 




. 


o 


o 


-* 


CM 


»o 


CO 


o 


•o 


CM 


■N 


CO 


co 


1 CM 


o 


fa 


























1 ^ 


6 






























. 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


t- 


1_l 


O 


CO 


«o 


5<l 


1 "O 


CO 


s 


























I M 




. 


OS 


>o 


CM 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


CM 


l> 


CO 


1 c 


o 


fa 


























1 l ^ 


s 


— 




























»o 


CO 


CM 


t^ 


CO 


CO 


CM 


Tjl 


CO 


-^ 


CO 


CM 


^_ 


w 


s 


























"* 


1 


o 


"* 


tH 


o 


o 


rH 


1—1 


T* 


Ofl 


"<* 


(N 


CO 


1 t^ 


o fa 


























"M 


CQ 






























6 


. 


(N 


CM 


O) 


o 


o 


i— I 


1— 1 


o 


1— 1 


CO 


W5 


CO 


1 o 


1 & 


























CM 




. 


o 


o 


O 


CO 


T— 1 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


o 


co 


1—1 


1 CO 


o 


fa 


























— 


iH 






























* 


° 


o 


O 


1—1 


o 


O 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


CM 


CM 


t^ 




o 


1—1 


1— 1 


o 


cs 


CO 


,— , 


,_ 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


i—l 


1 c- 




fa 


























1—1 


■o 
































CM 
























CM 




& 


























i— 1 




. 


tH 


<M 


o 


1—1 


CM 


o 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


i<0 


i—l 


•-: 




fa 


























CM 
































. 


-H 


<N 


1—1 


o 


o 


-* 


1— 1 


o 


o 


1— , 


T-H 


o 


r-i 




s 


























1— 1 


^." ' 


kO 


O 


CM 


"O 


o 


O 


CM 


CO 


-* 


o 


CO 


o 


C3 


S S fa 










1—1 
















lO 


FlS. 






























. 


co 


»o 


00 


rH 


CO 


l» 


,— , 


t>> 


CO 


o 


r>» 


CO 


OS 


S 










1—i 




i— 1 




1—1 


1—1 




1—1 


o 






























1—1 






























N 




























H 




























a© 


















Sri 




•_ 






^n 


>> 


>> 














hQ 


•~ 


03 


03 








c3 

a 
•-a 


e3 


p 


< 


Pi 

SB 


03 


^ 


s 

be 

< 


H 

03 
03 


03 

o 

+3 

03 

o 


a 

03 

o 


a 

03 
O 
03 

A 


1 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



Diseases and Causes ok Death in Boston in 1812. 



Angina pectoris 








1 


Apoplexy . 








15 


Asthma 








2 


Burns . 








2 


Casualty . 








6 


Cholera-moibus 








2 


Colic . . . 








2 


Consumption . 








190 


Convulsions . * 








12 


Croup . 








1 


Dropsy . 








16 


" in head 








6 


Drowned . 








10 


Dysentery . 








2 


Fever, bilious 








4 


" pleurisy 








2 


" puerperal 






5 


" pulmonic 






. 40 


" putrid . 






1 


' ' typhus 








22 


Frost . . . 








1 


Hemorrhage . 








1 


Indigestion 








2 



Infantile diseases . . . 133 

Inflammation of brain . . 1 

Insanity 2 

Intemperance 12 

Jaundice 4 

Lock-jaw 1 

Mortification 4 

Nephrisis 1 

Old age 35 

Palsy 6 

Psoas abscess .... 1 

Quinsy 17 

Small-pox 1 

Still-born 48 

Sudden 24 

Suffocation 3 

Tabies 1 

Teething 10 

Unknown 32 

Vomica 1 

Total 682 



Death Eettjkns from 1810 to 1850. 







l^ 


O 


l- 


— 


00 


o 


— 


cc 


1^ 


i~ 


CM 


■*H 


-^ 


•SIT310X 


* 


C^ 


L^ 


CO 


CO 


CO 


O 


-* 


l~ 


L- 


«o 


L^ 


CO 


1 © 


fa 


o 


o 


GM 


r-l 


o 


o 


o 


o 


^ 


o 


o 


o 


"* 


go 

C5>iH 






























s" 


o 


o 


O 


~* 


O 


o 


o 


3 


O 


o 


o 


o 


rH 


o 

9 


fa 


CO 


CO 


~ 


~ 


CM 


o 


© 


rt 


o 


o 


o 


rH 


cs 


o 

00 


s 


1-1 


o 


© 


© 


"- 1 


o 


r-t 


o 


" 


rH 


o 


rH 


CO 


© 

CO 


fa 


rH 


■* 


co 


o 


O 


CM 


o 


CM 


CO 


GM 


CM 


CO 


CM 
CM 


o 


s 


— 


•<* 


o 


o 


rH 


CO 


-" 


o 


CM 


rH 


CO 


CO 


OS 
rH 


© 


fa* 


CO 


CO 


-T 


CO 


CM 


CO 


co 


CM 


CO 


'"' 


- 


« 


CO 


• 


CM 


CO 


rH 


T— | 


CO 


rH 


i— i 


CM 


CM 


CM 


o 


X* 


CM 


co S 


























CM 






•"* 


-^ 


GM 


^* 


GM 


CM 


rH 


rH 


o 


■* 


CO 


n< 


r-i 


o 


fa 


























CO 


CO 

6 






























. 


CO 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CM 


CO 


CM 


■«* 


CM 


CM 


CM 


rH 


rH 


US 


s 


























CO 




. 


CO 


»o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


GM 


rH 


CM 


rH 


•"* 


o 


o 


ci 


o 


fa 


























CM 


US 

© 






























. 


■* 


os 


'O 


TTl 


GO 


-* 


«o 


"* 


CO 


r— 


-* 


00 


as 


<# 


s 


























*o 






lO 


•<* 


UO 


'O 


OS 


CO 


«* 


rH 


CM 


iO 


CO 


co 


os 


o 
6 


fa 


























** 




1— ( 


o 


CO 


o 


L— 


co 


r~i 


O 


CO 


CM 


>o 


^ 


o 




s 


























o 






>o 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CM 


>o 


o 


CO 


o 


O 


CO 


CM 


o 


o 


fa 


























TjH 


eo 

6 






























. 


rH 


GM 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


«o 


CO 


CO 


■* 


CM 


o 


CM 


s 






1-1 




















>o 






r- ( 


CM 


GM 


o 


CO 


I— 1 


CO 


o 


o 


rH 


rH 


CO 


c^ 


o 


fa 


























«-H 


CSJ 

d 






























. 


T— 1 


o 


CT 


c 


o 


CM 


CO 


rH 


rH 


CO 


o 


o 


"* 


rH 


s 


























1-1 






r-l 


GM 


CM 


o 


CO 


r-( 


CO 


o 


o 


i — i 


rH 


CO 


rH 


d 


fa 


























1—1 

* 


tf5 


a 





o 


CO 


o 


o 


CM 


CO 


rH 


rH 


CO 


© 


° 


2 

* 




, 


^ 


I— ( 


CO 


r-l 


rH 


O 


— 1 


rH 


■«* 


o 


CM 


1— 1 


OS 




fa 


























" H 


■e 
est 






























. 


o 


I— 1 


rH 


-r 


»JO 


CO 


o 


CM 


TH 


rH 


o 


rH 


GM 




s 


























GM 






o 


© 


GM 


CM 


CM 


I— 1 


rH 


rH 


a 


CM 


rH 


T—f 


CM 




fa 




















rH 






CO 


rH 






























. 


o 


■* 


CO 


■^ 


rH 


>o 


CO 


CO 


© 


OS 


iO 


iO 


GM 




s 


















rH 








O 






eo 


rH 


CO 


CM 


o 


o 


CM 


■"# 


00 


[>• 


CM 


iO 


fr- 




fa 


























CC 






























. 


00 


CO 


CO 


O 


t~ 


_ 


CO 


t>- 


«o 


00 


O 


CO 


CO 


3 








'""' 




rH 


rH 




rH 




rH 


rH 


rH 
rH 


cc 




























1-H 




























QO 


















!h 




•_, 


- 




rH 






















o> 


03 






►» 


^ 












3 


rO 


t_, 


x> 


rO 






r; 


03 

3 


-3 
o 


-a 


>M 


CD 


>-, 


3 

CD 


05 

C 


CD 

> 


a 

o 








03 

*0 


1) 




2-< 


cS 


►-3 


»-8 


3 
< 


CD 

72 


o 

O 


O 
5 


CJ 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1813. 



Abscess 1 

Angina pectoris .... 1 

Apoplexy 15 

Ascites 2 

Asthma 1 

Burns 2 

Cancer 1 

Casualty 9 

Cholera 3 

Cholera-infantum ... 2 

Consumption 193 

Convulsions 11 

Croup 1 

Dropsy 17 

Drowned 15 

Dysentery 5 

Dyspepsia 16 

Erysipelas 1 

Fever, bilious .... 6 

" inflammatory . . 3 

" pleurisy .... 7 

w ' puerperal ... 5 

" pulmonic .... 41 



Fever, putrid . 
'* typhus 
Fits .... 
Gout 

Hemorrhage . 
Hooping-cough 
Hydrocephalus 
Hydrops pectoris 
Infantile diseases 
Jaundice . 
Mortification 
Nephrisis . 
Neurosis . 
Old age 
Palsy . 
Poisou . 
Quinsy 
Still-born . 
Sudden 
Suffocation 
Unknown . 



1 

38 

10 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

206 

5 

7 

1 

1 

48 

6 

1 

8 

36 

11 

1 

41 



Total 786 



Death Keturxs from 1810 to 1850. 







CO 


CO 


iO 


CO 


-n 


o 


co 


en 


rH 


o 


CO 


00 


t~ 


'SfBlOX 


CO 


iO 


CO 


>Q 


** 


tJH 


CO 


1> 


>o 


o 

1-1 


CO 


-* 


TO 




fa 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


i-H 


o 


o 


o 


1— 1 


go 




























o~ 


S 1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 
en 

o 

00 


fa 


CO 


o 


CO 


I— 1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


-* 


co 


s 


! 


o 


rt 


o 


CO 


o 


o 


i— 4 


" 


- 1 


rH 


o 


OS 


o" 

00 

6 


fa 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


"<* 


CO 


CO 


tH 


CO 


co 


s 1 


r ~ l 


o 


GO 


-* 


r ~' 


o 


o 


o 


r 


•-' 


CO 


- 1 


o 


© 


fa* 


I— 1 


I— 1 


i-H 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


^H 


"* 


GO 


o 


co 


d 

c© 


























1—1 


S 


o 


I— 1 


r— 


CO 


o 


1— I 


1-1 


CO 


o 


i-H 


CO 


o 


CO 




. 


T— 1 


1—1 


I— 1 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


t— 1 


o 


1— 1 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


© 


fa 


























1-H 


CO 

d 






























. 


T-( 


CO 


cc 


CO 


-* 


1—1 


1—1 


o 


o 


o 


1— ( 


CO 


L^ 


>o 


s 


























1-1 




GO 


"<# 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


1—1 


CO 


o 


tH 


o 


CO 


-* 


o 


fa 


























CO 


«9 

d 






























. 


CO 


o 


tH 


CO 


1— I 


CO 


co 


CO 


1— 1 


TfH 


CO 


o 


CO 


«* 


3 


























CO 






'O 


© 


CO 


CO 


T— 1 


1—1 


t> 


^ 


o 


CO 


>o 


co 


CO 


o 


fa 


























tJ4 


"7 
d 






























. 


(M 


I— 1 


TJ4 


iO 


GO 


TJ4 


■«# 


CO 


CO 


t>. 


^ 


CO 


>o 


CO 


s 


























^ 






"O 


CO 


CO 


>o 


co 


CO 


IQ 


t> 


iO 


CO 


i-H 


">* 


— 


d 


fa 






















i-H 




iO 


CO 

d 






























. 


CO 


id 


yH 


uO 


— 


■"* 


t~ 


■* 


iO 


■^ 


00 


CO 


o 


CM 


s 


























o 




. 


r- 1 


CO 


CO 


O 


CO 


CO 


o 


1— 1 


1—1 


■*# 


o 


o 


CO 


d 


fa 


























»-H 


ea 






























. 


O 


CO 


GO 


CO 


o 


1—1 


co 


1—1 


1—1 


o 


Tf4 


CO 


OS 


rH 


s 


























1—1 






-# 


o 


i—l 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


rH 


rH 


CO 


OS 


O 

i-l 

UO 


fa 


























' 


. 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


1—1 


1— 1 


">* 


1—1 


o 


CO 


o 


(M 


OS 


s 


























1-1 






i— ( 


I— 1 


o 


»o 


1— 1 


1— 1 


o 


iO 


rH 


*tf 


CO 


CO 


•^ 




fa 


























CO 






























os 


. 


co 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


rH 


CO 


CO 


o 




s 


























CO 






i— i 


I— 1 


GO 


o 


CO 


1—1 


1—1 


c~ 


■* 


IO 


CO 


rH 


t^ 




fa 


























CO 


est 






























. 


-* 


CO 


"* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


«5 


"* 


** 


CO 


CO 


CO 


OS 




* 




















rH 






"* 




. 


CO 


t^ 


CO 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CO 


rH 


t>- 


m 


CO 


■<* 


00 


U U 
<D oj 


fa 
















«-< 










iO 






























CO 


. 


CO 


00 


o 


CO 


co 


CO 


OS 


CO 


CO 


">* 


CO 


tH 


t-'rH 


a 


rH 




'"■' 










rH 


i-H 


T~l 






o 


■h5 




























i— i 




























QO 


















;_ 










r» 


■ 


ci 
►"9 


co 

E*4 


<5 


■3* 




CO 
r"J 


3 


bo 

-3 


CO 
Xi 

s 

ST 1 
02 


s 

"o 

-4-J 

o 

o 


CO 

3 

03 

o 


CO 

rQ 

a 

CO 

o 

CO 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1814. 



Anasarca . 
Apoplexy . 
Burns .... 
Casualty 
Cholera 

Cholera- morbus . 
Consumption . 
Convulsions . 
Cramps 

Croup .... 
Debility . . . 
Disorders unknown 
Drowned . 
Dysentery . 
Fever, bilious 

" inflammatory 

ki pleurisy . 

" puerperal . 

" pulmonic . 

" typhus 

Fits 

Gout .... 
Hepatitis . 



. . . 17 

. . . 3 
5 

. . . 3 

. . . 1 

. . . 2 

. . . 153 

. . . 1 

. . . 2 

. . . 2 

. . . 1 

. . . 43 

. . . 10 

. . . 4 

. . . 6 

. . 3 

. . . 3 

. . . 6 

. . . 26 

. . . 77 

. . . 11 

. . . 2 

. . . 3 

*Cynauche Trachealis. — W. H. W 



Hooping-cough .... 5 

Hydrocephalus interims . 3 

Hydrophobia 1 

Infantile disoasrs . . . 20S 

Insanity 2 

Jaundice 2 

Mortification 8 

Neurosis 1 

Old age 39 

Paratisis 9 

Phrenitis 1 

Quinsy 10 

Scrofula 1 

Spasms 1 

Still-born ...... 32 

Sudden 14 

Suicide 

* Synanchia trancialis . 

Teething 

Tetanus 

White swelling . 



Total 



1 
1 
1 
2 
1 

727 



10 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







— 


l^ 


CO 


O 


© 


co 


— 


co 


co 


rH 


5£ 


rH 


i-H 


•smox 


iC 


'-O 


CO 


CO' 


o 


o 


i — 


X 


o 


- 


I- 


CO 


id 
CO 


§§ 


fa 


I— I 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 


i-H 


s 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


© 


o 


o 


o 


° 


o 


© 


fa 


T-< 


CO 


1— 1 


o 


co 


1—1 


^ 


— ' 


I—" 


CO 


uO 


o 


id 
CO 


© 

GO 


s 


o 


o 


© 


1—1 


o 


o 


© 


— 


o 


1— 1 


o 


o 


CO 


o 

00 

d 


fa 


CO 


1-H 


•"" 


rH 


1— 1 


^ 


1-1 


CO 


CM 


CM 


t^ 


CO 


CO 

CO 


• 


r-l 


(M 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


- 


1—1 


i-H 


CO 


1-H 


r-l 


CM 


1- 


























i-H 


© 
d 


fa* 


1-1 


,_l 


CO 


1-H 


GO 


GO 


»o 


CM 


O 


CO 


CC 


K 


CO 
CO 


s 


o 


GO 


'-' 


CO 


i—l 


1-1 


o 


o 


30 


rH 


>- 


° 






rl 


CO 


I— 1 


CO 


o 


CO 


r-l 


— 1 


CM 


CM 


_H 


tfi 


— H 


o 


fa 


























CM 


CO 

d 






























. 


CO 


i-H 


1—1 


, — 


CO 


CO 


i—l 


o 


CM 


CO 


CO 


-T 


o 


US 


s 


























CO 






rH 


CO 


o 


i—l 


^H 


i—l 


o 


cc 


CM 


CO 


rH 


•- 


i-H 


o 


fa 


























CO 


d 






























. 


eo 


rH 


rH 


CO 


rH 


CM 


CO 


CO 


>o 


CO 


CO 


o 


CM 


* 


s 


























rH 






CO 


CO 


rH 


CM 


CO 


CO 


o 


*C 


rH 


» 


CO 


i-H 


CO 


? 
d 


fa 
























^H 


rH 


. 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


rH 


L^ 


rH 


t>- 


CO 


l>> 


co 


OS 


eo 


s 


























iO 






iO 


r-l 


CO 


CO 


iO 


>o 


rH 


co 


co 


rH 


© 


o 


CO 


o 


fa 


























iO 


eo 
d 






























. 


(M 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CO 


CO 


id 


CO 


co 


os 


CM 


iO 


CM 


CM 


s 


























>o 






GO 


CO 


CO 


r-l 


,— 1 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


CM 


o 


<N 


CM 


O 


fa 


























CM 


d 






























. 


O 


CO 


1—1 


o 


CO 


rH 


o 


rH 


rH 


rH 


rH 


r-l 


CO 


t-i 


3 


























CM 






CO 


CO 


o 


GO 


»o 


1—1 


o 


i-H 


kO 


rH 


O 


o 


CS 


d 


fa 


























i-H 


. 


o 


i—l 


_l 


o 


i—l 


CM 


CO 


(M 


r-| 


CM 


r-l 


-H 


o 




s 


























r-H 




itt 


O 


»o 


CO 


r-l 


r-l 


CM 


o 


»o 


CM 


— H 


>o 


OS 


. (j- 


























CO 


U3 






























. 


i— 1 


i— 1 


CO 


»o 


!— | 


i— 1 


o 


Tj< 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CO 


•c 




s 


























CO 






CO 


CO 


r|i 


r- 1 


FH 


CO 


CO 


CO 


OS 


CO 


i-H 


rH 


CO 




fa 


























rH 


CO 






























. 


o 


co 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


co 


CO 


CO 


"O 


CO 


CO 




s 


























rH 






co 


tr- 


-* 


00 


>o 


CO 


CO 


o 


t> 


rH 


CO 


CO 


C35 




fa 
















i-H 










CO 
































£>* 


. 


rH 


ee 


l» 


OS 


CO 


iO 


os 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


rH 


rH 


->rH 


S 
















'■*' 


i-H 


i-H 






OS 


*a 




























i—i 




























00 


















rH 




s- 






r 


H 


a 
a 

o3 
1-3 


s 

rQ 
CO 


O 


< 


>> 


CO 

a 

3 
•-3 




+3 

CO 

faD 

< 


g 

CO 
CO 


co 

rQ 

o 
o 

O 


CO 
Xi 

a 

CO 

r* 

o 
523 


CO 

a 

CO 

o 

CO 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



11 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1815. 



Apoplexy . . . . 

Burns . 

Cancer 

Casualty . 

Cholera-morbus . 

Consumption . 

Cramp 

Croup 

Diseases unknown . 

Dropsy . 

Drowned . 

Dysentery 

Dyspepsy . . 

Fever, bilious 

" inflammatory 
" malignant 
" pleurisy . 
" puerperal 
" pulmonic . 
" putrid . 
" typhus 

Fits 

Fungus nematodes . 

Gout 

Hepatisis . 

Hooping-cough . 

Hydrocephalus 



3 


Infantile diseases 






. 222 


2 


Inflammation of bra 


in 




2 


5 


Influenza . 






1 


4 


Insanit}' 






2 


1 


Jaundice . 






1 


90 


Lethargy . 






1 


2 


Marasmus . 






1 


2 


Measles 






21 


72 


Mortification . 






6 


14 


Murdered . 






1 


12 


Neurosis . 






1 


12 


Old age 






44 


1 


Palsy .... 






11 


2 


Phrenitis . 






1 


2 


Poison .... 






1 


4 


Quinsy .... 






7 


2 


Scales .... 






3 


4 


Scrofula 






1 


67 


Small-pox . 






4 


11 


Spasms 






2 


34 


Still-born . . . 






21 


17 


Sudden . . . . 






11 


1 


Suicide . 






6 


1 


* Synanchia tranciali 


s 




4 


3 


Tabies 






2 


2 

3 


White swelling . 






1 


Total .... 






851 



* Cynanehe Trachealis. 



12 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



, 




,_, 


oo 


co 


i^ 


co 


CO 


r-i 


o* 


-r 


o 


o 


T-> 


-* 1 


•siinoi 


C5 


-. 


00 


00 


to 


• - 




CO 


l> 


l> 


co 


-- 


o 

CO 


s§ 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


1-1 


o 


"~ l 


l 


S 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


l 


o 
co" 


• 
















o 


-+ 


CM 


r 


1-^ 1 


o 


fa 


























1— 1 


d 

00 


S 


1—1 


c 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


'""' 


o 


o 


,-i 


* , 


iC 


d 

00 

6 


fa 


GO 


iO 


I— 1 


*-' 


1-1 


CO 


CO 


r ~' 


1— 1 


""" ' 


CO 


10 1 


CO 
-M 


s 


SO 


iO 


o 


1—1 


1-1 


o 


o 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


-* 1 


T— 1 


© 


fa 


CO 


CM 


o 


^ 


-* 


1— t 


CO 


CO 


X* 


CO 


CO 


CO | 


co 


d 

CO 


s 


-M 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


o 


1—1 


1-^ 


' ' 


" 


C5 




CO 


GO 


CO 


o 


Tjl 


1— 1 


GO 


"* 


o 


CO 


">* 


rji 


c 


d 

CO 

d 


fa 


























ec 




CO 


i—l 


CM 


■<* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


X* 


1—1 


GO 


to 


3 


























CO 




to 




CO 


CO 


1— < 


CM 


1— t 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


~* 


o 


d 
d 


fa 


























CO 




CO 


to 


CO 


co 


C5 


o 


»o 


1—1 


iO 


l> 


X* 


00 


00 


s 


























o 






CO 


co 


"* 


iO 


CO 


iO 


o* 


CO 


>o 


o* 


GO 


CO 


o 


d 
d 

CO 


fa 


























iO 




-* 


00 


CO 


os 


~# 


o* 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


i—i 


00 


rH 


* 












7-1 














CO' 






»o 


IQ 


to 


CO 


rii 


CO 


CO 


C5 


o 


to 


»o 


Th 


to 


d 
d 


fa 








1— 1 










1—1 








t^ 




id 


■>* 


CO 


~# 


i—i 


lO 


*0 


00 


l> 


■^1 


1—1 


.c 


o 


* 










i— I 
















GO 




. 


-* 


(M 


CO 


CO 


»o 


CO 


tH 


o 


o 


1-1 


1—1 


o 


o 


fa 




























04 
































"* 


CO 


,_, 


1—1 


1— 1 


1—1 


CO 


T-H 


GO 


iO ■ 


1—1 


CO 


iO 


r-1 


s 
































o 


i— 1 


© 


o 


CO 


o 


1—1 


CO 


GO 


o 


1— t 


^H 


1—1 


d 


fa 


























1—1 




■* 


i— ( 


CO 


1—1 


,— 


o 


co 


1—1 


o 


1— 1 


1—1 


CO 


00 




s 


























i-H 




i *o 


CO 


CO 


co 


_ 


o 


o 


GO 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


-^ 


Ci 




fa 


























CO 


to 
































1 ** 


CO 


co 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


■<* 


© 


o 


GO 


1—1 


CO 


o 




s 






























CO 


CO 


■^ 


CO 


o 


1—1 


~* 


o 


00 


o 


CO 


CO 


»c 




fa 


























CO 


ca 
































>o 


CO 


"* 


CO 


o 


o 


1— I 


CO 


CO 


-CH 


CO 


CO 


CO 




s 


























CO 






CS 


~* 


o 


iO 


■>* 


CO 


CO 


00 


GO 


to 


OS 


» 


£ 


- in 

<»o3 


fa 




1— 1 


i— 1 


1-1 


















C7S 


































O 


•<o 


CO 


to 


to 


iO 


-* 


to 


-* 


to 


CO 


t^ 


IC5 


&~ 


3 






I— I 




















C5 


CO 
























































Q 




H 


6? 

3 

a 
a 

1-8 


u 

ci 

cu 




< 








+3 

CD 

bio 

3 

< 


5; 

fit 

B 

CJ 


S3 

£2 

o 
o 

o 


S3 

,£3 

a 

o 


u 

Qi 

a 

CD 

O 

CJ 

A 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



13 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1816. 



Abscess 

Apoplexy . 

Burns . 

Cancers 

Casualty 

Cholera 

Consumption 

Cramp . 

Croup . 

Cynanche tracial 

Diseases unknow 

Dropsy . 

Drowned . 

Dysentery . 

Dyspepsy . 

Elephantiasis 

Fever, bilious 

" inflammatory 
" malignant 
" pleurisy 
" puerperal 
" pulmonic 
' ' rheumatic 
' ' typhus 

Fits .... 

Haemoptysis . 

Hemorrhagia . 

Hepatisis . 



1 

18 

3 

2 

5 

5 

180 

2 

4 

2 

84 

12 

12 

6 

18 

1 

10 

7 

11 

1 

12 

61 

3 

15 

10 

1 

1 

2 



Hooping-cough .... 9 

Hydrocephalus . . . . 12 
Infantile diseases . . .195 

Insanity ...... 2 

Intoxication 3 

Jaundice 3 

Marasmus 37 

Measles 6 

Mortification ..... 13 

Murdered 2 

Neurosis 1 

Old age 37 

Palsy 8 

Phrenitis 1 

Polypus in the Nose . . 1 

Quinsy 16 

Scalds 2 

Scarlatina anginosa ... 1 

Scirrhous liver .... 1 

Still-born 31 



Sudden 
Suicide . 
Tetanus 
White swelling 
Worms . 



Total 



21 

4 
1 

1 
1 

904 



14 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







(jq 


t>- 





t^ 


CM 


o 


■^ 


— 


00 


OS 


o 


t^ 


00 


•sunoj, 


L- 


CD 


l> 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


i— 1 


OS 


as 


iO 


■* 


o 

os 


d© 

l-Hi-H 


fc 


o 


O 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


i-H 


l-H 


s 


- 


o 


o 


o 


c 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 




fa 


© 


o 


- 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


"- 1 


° 


CO 


sl 






























s 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


c 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 


° 


• • 


,_-, 


o 


1— I 


o 


•^ 


o 


o 


1—1 


o 


o 


CM 


1-H 


o 


o 

OS 

© 
00 


u. 


























l-H 


s 


o 


1—1 


1— 1 


o 


1-1 


T— 1 


o 


(M 


CO 


1-1 


CM 


^ 


CO 


- 


• 


o 


o 


<M 


Y— \ 


o 


1—1 


© 


r— i 


t~ 


CM 


o 


CM 


CO 


o 


fa 


























— 


d 


s 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


^ 


"* 


1—1 


CM 


CM 


"* 


CO 


CM 


CM 


£ 


© 

*- 

6 

CO 


fa 


CM 


o 


CM 


CO 


"* 


>o 


CM 


(M 


1-H 


T* 


o 


CM 


CM 


• 


,_! 


<M 


CO 


CM 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CM 


O 


■^ 


s 


























CM 

oo 

(M 


© 
d 

U3 


fa 


-* 


CM 


CO 


CO 


o 


c 


o 


CM 


rt 


(M 


O 


^ 


s 


^H 


■<* 


CO 


CM 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


CO 


•* 


i-H 


o 


i-H 


iO 
















1— 1 










CO 


d 


fa 


CO 


-* 


t^ 


CM 


CO 


t~- 


— 


CM 


^H 


co 


CM 


iO 


CM 

CO 


E 


o 


CM 


->* 


l>- 


-* 


_ 


<o 


co 


"O 


"# 


n 


CO 


00 


«* 
















i—i 










ia 






00 


tH 


CO 


co 


l> 


-* 


»o 


■* 


CM 


CO 


CO 


1-H 


CO 


o 


fa 


























iO 


T 
































,_| 


CO 


co 


iO 


co 


Th 


co 


CO 


,— I 


<N 


o 


"* 


CO 


CO 


s 


























-* 






i—( 


i-H 


t^ 


CM 


co 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CM 


o 


1-H 


CM 


"* 


d 


fa 


























CO 


CO 
































00 


■* 


iO 


y—i 


CO 


^H 


CO 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


>o 


-* 


TH 


CM 


s 


























* 






^# 


■^ 


T_| 


1—1 


iO 


CM 


CO 


1—1 


n 


^H 


i-H 


CM 


C3S 


o 


fa 


























CM 


N 
































o 


CM 


o 


© 


o 


i— 1 


CM 


T* 


i—l 


H 


o 


l-H 


<M 


i-( 


s 


























^ 




. 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


1— f 


o 


,—1 


r- l 


o 


i-H 


1-H 


1-H 


os 


d 


fa 


























































>o 


. 


CO 


(M 


<m 


1—1 


CO 


,— 1 


i-H 


CO 


<M 


CO 


,—1 


1-H 


co 


s 


























CM 






CM 


"* 


CM 


»o 


o 


<M 


o 


,—t 


■* 


>o 


© 


O 


iO 




fa 


























CM 


U9 






























. 


>o 


■* 


■^ 


CO 


CO 


•<# 


CO 


CO 


CO 


tJ< 


CM 


l-H 


os 




s 


























CO 




. 


>o 


CM 


rH 


^H 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


OS 


co 


iO 


■^ 


*o 




fa 
















!-H 




i-H 






CO 


09 

i-H 






























. 


-ch 


CO 


CM 


CM 


<N 


CO 


** 


t~ 


CO 


o 


00 


rl 


CM 




* 
















1-H 


1-H 


1-H 






C^ 




. 


t>. 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CM 


■>* 


t~ 


as 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


o 




fa 
















1-H 


1-H 


— ' 






00 


T3 a> 






























. 


CO 


o 


** 


>o 


CO 


'cH 


!>• 


CO 


CO 


00 


CO 


CO 


CO 


s 




1—1 












rH 


1—1 








L ^ 


r> 




























i-^ 






























^ 


>1 


83 

3 

fa 


-a 
p 

eS 


< 


>> 

S3 


a 


>? 
^ 


-*H» 

CD 

3 

< 


Ctf 

3 

02 


o 
o 

o 


3 
S 

eg 
> 
O 


s 
g 

o 

p 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



15 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1817. 







Angina pectoris . 


2 


Apoplexy ... . . 


17 


Cancer 


11 


Casualty 


7 


Cholera-infantum 


2 


" morbus . 


G 


Consumption .... 


231 


Convulsions .... 


1 




3 


Croup 


1 1 


Cvnanche tracialis . 


1 


Diseases unknown . 


33 




36 


Drowned 


13 




•73 




19 


Fever, bilious 


. 12 


" inflammatory 


2 


" pleurisy . 


4 


" puerperal . 


3 


" pulmonic . 


47 


" rheumatic 


7 



Fever, typhus .... 57 

Fits 35 

Hanged 1 

Hemorrhage 3 

Hooping-cough .... 19 

Infantile diseases . . . 157 

Intoxication 3 

Jaundice 3 

Mortification 9 

Old age 50 

Palsy 6 

Phrenitis 6 

Quinsy G 

Rickets 1 

Scalds 9 

Spasms 3 

Still-born 33 

Stone or gravel .... 3 

Sudden. ...... 13 

Suicide 3 

Tetanus 1 



Total 



908 



1(5 



Death Returns prom 1810 to 1850. 







I— 1 


o 


^H 


OS 


X 


CO 


>0 


1^ 


GO 


** 


C~j 


CO 


-H 






co 


OS 


L^ 


o 


GO 


L^ 


l^ 


GO 


o 


GO 


L^ 


l> 


•Sp3101 




















^H 






05 


81 


fa 


~ 


- 1 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


C^l 


s 


o 


o 


o 


1-1 


o 


3 


1-1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


-M 


© 

as 

6 

00 


fa 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


— 


GM 


o 


1-1 


o 


o 


CO 


1—1 


s 


s 


i—i 


o 


~ 


o 


CM 


O 


1—1 


o 


o 


CM 


CM 


o 


C5 


© 

00 

6 


fa 


^* 


CM 


o 


^ 


-* 


CM 


CO 


T— 1 


1— 1 


:-. 


CO 


o 


CM 


s 


CO 


i—i 


- 1 


"* 


CO 


GM 


<N 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


^ 


CM 


d 
*- 


fa 


T— 1 


<M 


CM 


-* 


"* 


i—l 


CO 


GM 


"* 


■ ~ 


** 


co 


co 


s 


CM 


CO 


GM 


"C« 


CM 


-* 


CM 


cm 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


























co 






rf 


GM 


Tj< 


** 


tH 


iO 


GM 


CM 


"# 


-^ 


^H 


CM 


CO 


o 


fa 


























CO 


CD 

d 
































OS 


i—l 


iC 


CO 


»o 


iO 


»o 


CO 


o 


■* 


^cH 


Ol 


iH 


«s 


s 


























UJ 






co 


■<* 


CO 


>o 


,— | 


-* 


iO 


CO 


CM 


iO 


i<0 


CO 


C5 


o 


fa 


























"cH 


up 

d 































»o 


CO 


CO 


t>- 


CO 


CO 


^ 


CO 


CO 


UO 


Th 


iO 


o 


* 


* 


























cu 






** 


CO 


CO 


t> 


t- 


CO 


O 


CO 


-* 


-* 


CM 


«s 


CO 


o 


fa 


























• ; 


1* 
d 
































iQ 


CO 


-<# 


L^ 


CO 


o 


tH 


-* 


CO 


GO 


•O 


CO 


l^ 


eo 


s 


























iO 


CO 


CO 


■* 


,_, 


CO 


■* 


CO 


■* 


i.O 


o 


l->. 


uO 


CM 


o 


fa 




















^ 






uO 


eo 






























o 


. 


CO 


CO 


«<* 


o 


o 


KO 


»o 


t— 


-* 


co 


C^ 


eo 


O 


est 


s 


























iO 






o 


o 


GM 


1— 1 


■** 


CM 


CO 


o 


T— 1 


1—1 


CO 


o 


l> 


o 


fa 


























^ 


04 

d 






























. 


o 


o 


CO 


1—1 


1— 1 


1—1 


-* 


UO 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


rH 


* 


























(M 






o 


o 


o 


o 


GM 


CM 


GM 


1—1 


CM 


CO 


T— 1 


iO 


CO 


d 


fa 


























1—1 
































U0 


§ 


1—1 


rH 


o 


o 


■"* 


CO 


o 


T— 1 


CM 


CM 


eo 


^H 


GO 

— | 






<N 


T— 1 


CM 


<N 


o 


1— 1 


o 


GM 


"<tfl 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CM 




fa 


























CM 


to 
est 






























. 


CM 


co 


CM 


CO 


rf< 


CM 


CM 


•o 


CO 


tH 


CM 


CO 


"O 




* 


























CO 






GM 


■^ 


CO 


Tji 


GM 


CO 


^cH 


CM 


t~ 


^ 


iO 


CO 


os 




fa 


























"* 


i-H 






























. 


CM 


CO 


>o 


GM 


CO 


^ 


CO 


CM 


os 


"O 


CO 


CO 


os 




s 


























->* 






"* 


CO 


-* 


o 


>0 


CO 


o 


35 


t^ 


GO 


"cH 


C5 


os 




fa 






1—1 


tH 


















X 
































. 


■«# 


CO 


iO 


00 


CO 


>o 


o- 


00 


CO 


CO 


CO 


I> 


CO 


w 






1—1 




















CO 


G© 




























i-H 




























QO 


















-_ 




t. 


s 

CP 

o 

cu 

3 




^ 


H 


s 
"-8 


fa 


O 


<5 


o3 


a 

■"8 


1-8 


03 

bp 

< 


S 

CD 


s 

o 

O 


s 

CP 

> 

o 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



17 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1818. 



Abscess •"» 

Accidental 1 

Aneurism 1 

Angina pectoris .... 5 

Apoplexy '•' 

Burns 2 

Cancer ;1 > 

Casualty 10 

Cholera ; > 

Consumption 138 

Cramp ■ • 1 

Croup 5 

Cynanche maligne ... 1 

Debility 2 

Diseases unknown . . . 237 

Drinking cold water . . 2 

Dropsy 23 

Drowned 12 

Drunkenness 1 

Dysentery 4 

Dyspepsy 12 

Dysury 1 

Fever, bilious .... 7 

" inflammatory . 5 

•' intermittent ... 1 

" nervous .... 2 

" puerperal ... 4 

" pulmonic .... 36 

" putrid 1 



Fever, typhus . . . .112 

Kits 24 

Gout 1 

Gravel 1 

Hemorrhagia 4 

Hepatitis ") 

Hernia 1 

Hooping-cough .... 1 

Hydrocephalus .... 4 

Infantile diseases . . . 15(5 

Inflammation of brain . . 1 

Intemperance .... 2 

Measles 1 

Mortification 4 

01<1 age 32 

Palsy <5 

Phrenitis 1 

Pleurisy 3 

Quinsy 4 

Rickets 2 

Scalds 3 

Scrofula 2 

Spasms 4 

Still-born 40 

Sudden 12 

Suicide 4 

Ulcers 1 



Total 



. 971 



18 



Death Returns fkom 1*10 to 1850. 







t^ 


GM 


>c 


— 


co 


— 


Ol 


-c 


— 


CO 


X 


CO' 


r. | 






>o 


>Q 


o 


i^ 


co 


i^j 


OS 


^H 


CO 


l^ 


co 


x 


•sp3iox ! 


















1-1 








l ^ 1 


90- 
100. 

M. F. 


© 

o 


o 


O 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


~ 


c 


o 


o 


© 


~ 


© 


. © 


© 


© 


© 


© 


S ^ 1 


1— 1 


CO 


o 


— " 


o 


© 


— 


© 


CM 


CO 


© 


© 


cc 


-08 


o 


o 


o 


— 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


CM 


© 


© 


co 


























CM 

CC 


70-80.| 

M. F.j 


CO 


CM 


I— 1 


o 


— 


© 


^ 


CO 


CO 


•""' 


CM 


CM 


o 


o 


— 


~ 


'- , 


1—1 


© 


CM 


Tf> 


CM 


© 


© fa 


GM 


— 


CO 


— 


© 


CO 


GM 


© 


o 


° 


'*" ' 


~ 


Ol 


co S 


eo 


CO 


r-1 


o 


CM 


© 


CM 


© 


CM 


© 


CM 


T ' 


— 


o fa 


CO 


CO 


CM 


" 


•"" 


© 


i— 1 


x* 


'"" 


L-- 


eo 


CO 


OS 
CM 






























6 


S 


GM 


GM 


GM 


*■" 


CM 


CM 


1—1 


"* 


CM 


CM 


CM 


5M 


© 

CM 








o 


CO 


— 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


"* 


>o 


CM 


CM 


CO 


d 


fa 


























«. 


£ 


H 


"* 


co 


■"3" 


CM 


** 


-r 


co 


"* 


"* 


CO 


CO 


CO 








CO 


o 


,_ 


CO 


CM 


© 


ifS 


• O 


"* 


CO 


eo 


cc 


o 


fa 


























CO 


T 
































O 


GM 


o 


L^ 


CM 


CO 


Ol 


l^ 


t- 


CO 


© 


© 


CO 


eo 


s 
























- 


u - 


1 




-* 


■* 


•^1 


CM 


co 


•** 


^* 


CO 


l~- 


1—1 


cc 


eo 


•X 


o 


fa 
















-H 










uO 


°? 
































"3" 


CM 


cc 


QO 


co 


r- 


>o 


co 


X 


>o 


-* 


-* 


l> 


(M 


s 


























^ 






CO 


,_, 


,_H 


-* 


CO 


, — 


o 


-t 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


T— 1 


CO 


O 


fa 


























CM 


CO 
l 
































CM 


© 


o 


T— 1 


CM 


i—l 


"# 


CM 


1—1 


-* 


1— • 


— 1 


i-* 


i-H 


s 


























CM 








GM 


1—1 


CM 


■<* 


CO 


CM 


CM 


© 


TT 


cc 


CO 


- 


d 


fa 


























CM 


• 

U5 




O 


i-l 


CM 


,— 1 


CM 


© 


© 


— > 


I— 


— 


© 


© 


L^ 


s 
































1— I 


CM 


o 


CM 


© 


© 


© 


© 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM 


-* 




fa 




























U3 
































o 


O 


CM 


,— ( 


CM 


i— 1 


i— I 


CM 


CO 


tH 


co 


© 


"^ I 




S 


























CM 






T-H 


CO 


CM 


,— ! 


CM 


© 


i—i 


t~ 


© 


T(< 


t~ 


t» 


OS 




fa 


























w 


est 
































i— ( 


_ 


CM 


** 


CO 


CM 


CM 


© 


t* 


GO 


-* 


■* 


CM 




s 


















1—1 








i« 




. 


■* 


© 


CO 


,_, 


CO 


o 


"* 


© 


l> 


© 


-* 


"* 


CO 




fa 


























'O 


































QO 


CO 


o 


CO 


>o 


© 


rJH 


t- 


CO 


© 


eo 


CO 


r- 


^ s 


















1—1 








L ^ 


os 




























V* 




























QO 


















u 




it 


. 




i— I 


>> 


>> 


















<o 






1 




5 


05 




s* 




CD 

c 


>> 


00 

5b 


b 


O 

o 

O 


S 
O 


e 

o 

en 

P 


i 



Dkath Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



L9 



Diseases and Causes ok Death in Boston in I8J9. 



Apoplexy . 

Burns . 

Cancers 

Casualty . 

Cholera morbus 
u infantum 

Consumption . 

Croup . . . 

Cynanclie tracial 

Debility . . 

Diarrhoea . 

Diseases of heart 
" unknown 

Drinking cold water 

Dropsy . 

Drowned . 

Dysentery . 

Dyspepsy . . 

Fever, bilious 
" malignant 
tw nervous 
' ' pleurisy 
" puerperal 
" pulmonic 
" rheumatic 
" scarlatina 
" typhus . 
' ' worm 
" yellow . 



*The items add 1,081, which 



Tabulated 
Buried from the Aim: 



6 

3 
3 
8 
11 
7 
174 



92 
2 
23 
13 
12 
2 

Id 

32 

4 

3 

•) 

4i; 

G 

2 

08 



Fits 

Hepatitis . 

Hemoirhagia . 

Hernia .... 

Hooping-cough . 

Hydrocephalus 

Infantile diseases 

Influenza ... 

Insanity . 

Intemperance . 

Jaundice 

Killed in a duel . 

Old age 

Phthisis 

Poison .... 

Quinsy .... 

Rickets 

Scarlatina anginosa 

Scorbutic . 

Spasms 

Still-born . 

Sudden .... 

Suffocation 

Suicide .... 

Teething . 

Tetanus 



If) 
G 
5 

1 



2:; 

47 
2 



1 1 
1 
1 

2!) 
1 
1 
4 
t 



S!) 



Total 



Not sfiven. 



laiue 1 in the printed report as follows 



Town poor, aijes and diseases unknown . 192 
89 



1,070 



■20 



Death Returns fkom lsio to 1850. 



•SITJ101 


1 


CO 




o 

L— 


l> 


1- 

1 - 


X 
IT- 


© 


CO 
CI 


^'l 


OS 

35 


C5 


1 S 


s fa 

1 s 


1 * 


CM 


CI 


"M 


-r 


'- 


CO 


CM 


~ 


X 


it; 


»o 


s 


CO 


CM 


CM 


-r 


CO 


^ 


CM 


co 


t^ 


:: 


»o 


o 


1 ° 


•uiog 
-TTOS 


1 OT 

1 


so 


'O 


l> 


•o 


CO 


© 


r. 


2 


© 


X 


1- 


- 

X 

1 


C5.-I 


fa 


l w 


1-1 


c 


O 


o 


© 


© 


© 


1-1 


© 


© 


© 


"* 


S 


1 r 


o 


- 


o 


c 


© 


© 


~ 


© 


o 


© 


© 


2 


1 © 


fa 


l w 


CO 


— < 


c 


CM 


CM 


,-1 


CM 


1— 1 


— 


© 


— 


o 

1 00 


s 


1 <* 


o 


1-1 


o 


o 


CO 


© 


° 


— 


c 


r -' 


7-1 


1° 


d 

00 

© 


fa 

s 


CO 


-f 


© 


T 


CM 


© 


— ' 


>-l 


CO 


CO 
CO 


• CO 


CM 


s 


o 


- 1 


CM 


— 


© 


— ' 


~ 


— 


c 


° 


z 


d 


fa 


i - 


o 


co 


CM 


— 


"* 


<N 


CM 


** 


CM 


r_ ' 


CM 


7, 


o 

09 


s 


° 


— ' 


CM 


1-1 


-M 


CM 


CO 


C: 


CM 


— 


« 


Ol 


^ 


d 
so 

«3 


fa 


i° 


*-" 


-*< 


•"-' 


■O 


© 


- 1 


cm 


^ 


- 


CM 


CC 


S 


s 


00 


CO 


CM 


Tj- 


-* 


-tf 


co 


CO 


"<* 


cc 


CM 


- 


5 


d 


fa 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


-4< 


— 


-T 


— 


>o 


cc 


CO 

cc 


§ 


s 


CO 


-tf 


x 


iO 


— 


CM 


X 


co 


SC 


X 


CM 


>c 


3 


d 


fa 


CO 


— 


l^ 


CO 


'~ 


CM 


CO 


iO 


CO 


■* 


-M 


^r 


- 


o 


s 


CM 


— 


• - 


-# 


•~ 


^r 


L^ 


>o 


«o 


•o 


o 


iO 


d 

CO 


fa 


co 


^h 


o 


CO 


>C 


Oi 


^ 


CM 


© 


X 


© 


CM 


cc 


o 


s 


"* 


CO 


00 


"41 


-* 


CM 


■c 


l^ 


"C 


X 


X 


X 


£ 


d 

CQ 

d 


fa* 


cm 


1—1 


-p 


iO 


o 


SC 


-M 




■M 


I- 


CM 


- 


X 

co 


s 


~ 


CM 


o 


CO 


*-* 


1-1 


'O 


" 


c-1 


CO 


© 


- 


— 


d 


fa 


" 


o 


r "' 


CM 


© 


CM 


CM 


"— ' 


cc 




" 


— 


-T 


i« 


s 


© 


o 


1-1 


1 


1 ' 


1-1 


" —l 


— 


© 


rH 


1 ' 


CI 


CO 


CQ 


fa 


r-l 


1— 1 


o 


^ 


-41 


CM 


© 


■^ 


CM 


co 


>o 


co 


CI 

co 

© 

co 


s 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


1—1 


r ~ < 


CO 


CM 


I-H 


-t 


^h 


K * 


<-< 


fa 


** 


T * H 


~ 


CO 


o 


© 


"~ 


X 




co 


CO 


cc 


X 


■* 


CO 


CO 




' 


CO 


CO 


o 


■* 


uO 


CM 


71 


co 




fa 


iO 


CO 


X 


co 


T 


1-1 


CO 


^H 


CM 


CJS 


l> 


I — 


co 
-<* 

X 


E 


o 

I— 1 


X 


00 


co 


CO 


1 - 


cc 


CO 


OS 


X 


~ 


co 



© 

X 



>^ S « cj 

C* 03 ^ P £ fl "S 

^ ^ ^ -^ ^ ^ ^ -^ £ q ^ - 



Death Returns fkom 1810 to L850. 



21 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1820. 



Abscess 
Accidental 
Apoplexy . 
Bilious colic . 
Burns .... 
Calculus . 
Cancer .... 
Canceratecl uterus 
Casualty . 
Cholera infantum 
morbus . 
Consumption . 
Cramp .... 
Croup .... 
Debility . . . 
Diarrhoea . 
Disease of heart 
Disease unknown 
Distorted spine . 
Drinking cold watet 
Dropsy 
Drowned . 
Dysentery 
Dyspepsia . 
Enteritis . 
Fever .... 

" bilious . 

•' inflammatory 

•' intermittent 

k ' nervous 

kt pneumonia 

" puerperal . 

" putrid . 

" rheumatic 

" scarlet . 

" spotted 

" typhus . 



-» 



1 

5 

26 



3 

9 

1 

43 



1 
7 

10 

1 

1 | 

1 

1 

1 

5 

8 

6 
220 

3 

3 

4 

3 

7 
187 

1 

1 
14 

9 
11 
11 



Fits 

Fracture .... 

Gout 

* Haimeptua [ ?] . 
Hanging .... 
Hemorrhagia . 
Hepatitis .... 
Hernia .... 
Infantile diseases 
Inflammation of brain 
Influenza .... 
Insanity .... 
Intemperance . 
Jaundice .... 
Mortification . 
Murdered .... 



Old age 

Paralysis . 

Pleurisy 

Poison 

Quinsy .... 

Rickets 

Scald .... 

Scrofula 

Siphilis 

Spasms 

Still-born . 

Strangled . 

Strangulated hernia 

Sudden 

Suicide 

Teething . 

Throat distemper 

Whooping-cough 

Worms .... 



15 

1 
4 
1 
4 
4 
6 
•> 

[63 

7 

2 

2 

31 

1 

7 
2 

39 

16 
2 
3 
6 
1 
2 
7 
4 
1 

89 
1 
1 
9 
6 
3 
1 

24 
3 



Total 



1,10; 



* In printed report, Hempptisia •* 



22 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1*50. 



1 




CI 


co 


cc 


s; 


CM 


o 


C5 


© 


-* 


— 


iO 


CM 


© 




— 


co 


o 


3". 


• — 


r-H 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CI 


1— < 


CI 


CI 






*■• 




r " 




i — i 


~ ' 


rt 


■■* 


.—I 


" 


' — 


rH 


■* 

- 


a 


fa 


CM 


GM 


CO 


'- 


»c 


>C 


•o 


— 


— 


CO 


»c 


35 , 


C5 
CO 


FT 


CM 


CI 


ec 


-r 


CI 


VT 


© 


CI 


o 


1- 


-if 


CM 1 


CI 


P 

■uzb 










— 




— 


— 


■— 1 








00 


35 


CI 


CI 


•O 


1- 


x 


CI 


© 


© 


vr 


© 


» 1 


r. 


"I 


ms 














— < 


^* 






*"■ ' 


1 


as ■ 


d 

05 


fa 


— 


~ 


o 


o 


© 


= 


I— 1 


© 


© 


© 


© 


— 1 


ct 


S3 1 

fa 


- 


© 


o 


o 


© 


© 


— 


© 


© 


© 


~ 


1 

^ 1 


>c 


3 


CM 


"<* 


1-^ 


^ 


© 


© 


CO 


© 


Tl 


1-1 


70-80. 80- 




rH 


O 


o 


CO 


© 


© 


© 


© 


— ■ 


© 




" 1 


" 


>o 


GM 


-* 


— ■ 


■o 


© 


© 


(M 


1-1 


•" 


«C 


CM , 


X 

CI 


s 


CM 


O 


CO 


1— I 


© 


GM 


<M 


CO 


1-1 


= 


■O 


^ 


© 

CM 


d 
fr- 


fa 


»o 


x* 


— 


1—1 


r-t 


CM 


i—l 


co 


■<* 


-f 


"~ 




CM 


s 


CM 


CO 


— 


-I- 


_ 


CM 


— . 


—I 


CJ 


— 


— 


CO 1 


co 


ee 


























CM 


d 


fa 

s 


.:- 


CO 


— 


SG 


CO 


tC 


>J 


cc 


O 


CO 


CO 


CO 


35 


l^- 


CO 


th 


-tf 


»o 


CM 


co 


© 


C-» 


-* 


-^ 


CI 


© 


m 


























"* 


d 


fa 


JO 


CM 


'O 


o 


J 


CM 


1* 


-f 


-f 


cc 


co 


CM 


co 


s 


35 


CO 


oo 


co 


CI 


1— 1 


CO 


-* 


co 


-* 


CO 


© 


CM 


>* 
























—i 


CO 


d 


fa 


'O 


CO 


l» 


- 


l>- 


CM 


o 


■ c 


-^i 


35 


35 


2 


l~- 


s 


o 


GM 


cc 


00 


CO 


CI 


l> 


L^ 


o 


CO 


© 


CO 


00 


CO 






















'-' 




>c 


d 

M 

d 


fa 


l^ 


CO 


35 


■* 


00 


CM 


Cl 


oo 


l-» 


"0 


CI 


oo 


•<o 
I-- 


B 


t* 


ci 


1- 


l^ 


00 


CO 


«o 


l^ 


r- 


>o 


© 


CO 


1— 1 


























cc 






,_ 


-r 


'<! 


o 


-# 


r— 


© 


CO 


CO 


CI 


^1 


CO 


1 ■- 


© 


fa 


























Cl 


CM 

© 


























© 


lo - 


. 


iO 


cc 


CO 


CM 


GM 


,— 1 


CO 


© 


— 


CO 


CO 


i-i 


s 


























CI 









,_, 


o 


CM 


© 


CI 


1—1 


,— 1 


Cl 


CI 


CM 


GM 


co 


d 


fa 


























^H 


T 1 




,_ 


GM 


,_ 


__ 


CI 


00 


,_ 


CO 


,__, 


GM 


CM 


-* 


r-l 




s 


























cc 






— n 


i-^ 


CO 


,— . 


CO 


OS 


l-» 


co 


CM 


^T 


co 


CO 


35 


up 

est 


fa 


■*"" 








""© 


cc. 


35 












-* 


O 


CO 


_ 


L-- 


© 


•>* 


c» 


© 


oo 




S* 










1-1 


"~" 






"^ 








- 






CM 


GM 


o 


■o 


-H 


00 


C5 


l^ 


v— 1 


© 


35 


35 






fa 














1-H 


^^ 


1-1 


i — 






35 


01 






























»-< 


s 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CM 


■* 


eo 


!>• 


00 


T: 


CO 


CO 


CM 


3 






O 


o 


CO 


•-r 


CO 


© 


'C 


00 


~2 


CO 


CO 


rf 


— 


ss 


fa 


— 










■— 






— ' 


— 






00 


er 






























. 


l~ 


00 


co 


«o 


CO 


00 


— 


— 


35 


L» 


CO 


00 


- 


s 














~" 


""■ 


^ 








— 


^ 


N 




























© 


» 




























3 




















(^1 




;_, 












5» 














03 




co 


5J 








g' 


5 


CJ 


— 


>1 


cu 




GO 

5c 


2 


o 


© 

g 


£2 








S3 
1-3 




3 


<f 


C3 


►"3 


^ 


<J 


CJ 


o 


o 
5^ 


2 





Death Returns fkom 1810 to 1850. 



23 



Diseases and Causes <>f Death in Boston in 1821. 



Abscess 

Accidental 

Angina pectoris . 

Apoplexy . 

Asthma 

Burns .... 

Cancer .... 

Cancerated uterus 

Casualty 

Cholera infantum 

" morbus . 
Chronic diarrhoea 
Consumption . 
Croup .... 
Cvnanche tracialis 
Debility . . . 
Delirium tremens 
Disease of the heart 
Diseased scapula 
Diseases unknown 
Dropsy . . 
Drowned . 
Drunkenness . 
Dysentery . 
Dyspepsia . 
Enteritis 
Epilepsy . 
Fever 

'■ bilious . 

inflammatory 

k - nervous 
puerperal 

'• pulmonic 
rheumatic 

" scarlatina 
typhus . 



Fits 



2 

1 
1 

7 
1 

13 
3 
1 

17 

6 

9 

9 

192 

11 
3 
8 
5 
4 
1 
243 



Gravel 

Hemorrhagia . 

Hooping-cough . 

Hydrocephalus interim.' 
I Hydrothorax . 

Infantile diseases 
J Insanity .... 
| Intemperance . 
! Jaundice .... 

Lumbar abscess . 

Marasmus .... 

Measles .... 

Mortification . 

Murdered .... 



19 
1 

62 
3 

10 
1 
8 

10 
2 
1 
7 

31 
6 
1 

42 

19 



Old age 

Paralysis 

Phthisis 

Quinsy 

Scald 

Scirrhous liver 

Scrophula 

Spasms 

Spina-bifida 

Spleen 

Still-born 

Sudden 

Suffocation 

Suicide 

Syphilis 

Tuberculated phthisis . 
Ulcerated stricture of in- 
testine 

Uterus 

White swelling . . . . 



1 

1 

26 

6 

2 

1 53 

4 

30 

3 

1 

1 

14!) 

8 

1 

31 

22 

15 

o 

1 

5 

5 

3 

1 

1 

116 

6 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 



Total 1,420 



24 



Death Returns fkom'1810 to 1850. 



1 




»o 


-M 


— 


-<# 


L- 


t> 


© 


— 


co 


© 


"* 


>o 


.. 




CO 


GO 


o 


~ 


l^ 


t- 


CO 


s 


CM 


CC 




CM 


- 










~~ 










■ — 


i — 


^- , 


^H 


•— i 


CM 




























r^ 


fl 


fa | 


t^ 


-+ 


CO 


CC 


»o 


CO 


— 


L^ 


l^ 


X 


l^ 


~ 


— 


a 

fc3 




























CO 


s 1 


L^ 


CO 


C5 


cc 


iC 


-M 


"«* 


IO 


L^. 


** 


— 


2 i 


CC 

cc 


■uioa 




35 


co 


-M 


X- 


■c 


Ol 


CM 


X 


-* 


CM 


-M 


i— i i 


>o 


-i ias 




*"• 


■" H 








r* 






■— < 


i— l 


»- < i 






























i 






Li.' 1 


— 


- 


~* 


o 


o 


C 


3 


- 


= 


- 


~ 


° 1 


-M 


s 1 


O 


- 


- 


c 


c 


~ 


C 


o 


© 


— 


© 


r 1 


- 1 


o 


fa 1 


— 


"M 


c 


o 


CM 














CM 1 


'-. 


05 






























o 

00 


s 


© 


o 


""" 


o 


" CO 


^_ 


© 
CO 


K 


© 


Ol 


r - 


^ 1 


L^ 


d 


u - 


o 


CM 


CO 


— 


— 


M 


00 I 


M 


00 






















M 




M 


o 


s 


rt 


-M 


~~ 


— 


M 


" 


— 


-M 


— 


—' 


« 1 


l^ 


d 

CD 


Em 


— 


1-1 


-T 




M 


M 


"M 


- 


•M 


M 


7-1 


CO 


CO 
CO 


S 


CC 


o 


CM 


■"" 


rt 


*— 


T-l 


(M 


~ 


M 


— ' 


CO 


X 


d 

CD 


fa 


co 


© 


~ 


~* 


"* 


cc 


"" 


- 


-f 


OJ 


© 


■* 


— 
cc 


s 


-* 


— 


-M 


o 


'- 


'C 


l^ 


Ttl 


— 


M 


^* 


■* 


CM 


ira 


























tH 


o 


fa* 


CC 


CC 


"O 


CM 


© 


" 


■o 


IO 


^> 


I- 


CM 


CO 




o 


— 


o 


OS 


l^ 


CO 


CO 


t*t 


© 


L^ 


-T 


35 


^ 


y 








1— 1 


















CC 


d 
d 


fa* 


CD 


CO 


co 


CM 


iO 


CD 


•c 


T 


^ 


^H 


-^ 


-* 


© 


t~ 


CO 


-* 


l>- 


co 


I> 


CO 


•^ 


CO 


X 


CO 


CO 


© 


y 


























1^ 


d 


fa 


co 


co 


l> 


^* 


T}< 


co 


CO 


cz 


X 

CO 


X 


UO 


co 


cc 

© 

cc 


• 


-M 


I> 


-T 


~ 


r~ 


CO 


-M 


co 


<M 


^ 








— 


















CO 






cc 


,— 1 


CM 


— 


I— 1 


■M 


~^ 


x 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


-* 


I- 


d 


fa 


























CM 


°? 
































co 


"M 


"* 


O 


CM 


,—1 


CO 


CM 


© 


1— 1 


— 


CO 


CM 


S 


s 


























CM 






^™ 


,_, 


CM 


o 


i— 


CM 


-M 


CM 


CO 


<M 


■^ 


CO 


CO 


d 

rH 
1 


fa 


























-M 


o 


,_l 


o 


o 


i— i 


CM 


—i 


M 


Tf 


CO 


-M 


CO 




•n 


s 


























" 






CO 


CM 


o 


M 


© 


.— < 


i— 1 


■O 


CO 


CM 


© 


CO 


7-1 




fa 


























7-1 


©J 




























1 




** 


T— 1 


CO 


CO 


— 


CM 


T— 1 


iO 


I— 1 


>o 


-* 


CM 


M 




s 


























CC 






,_ 


CM 


■M 


CO 


— 


© 


— i 


. co 


C5 


co 


X 


CM 


— 




fa 


























— 


« 
































o 


^-1 


x* 


cc 


'M 


CM 


— 


t^ 


■* 


X 


X 


wO 


U5> 




s 


















^^ 








U0 






■* 


CO 


~+ 


TJ" 


r- C 


CO 


•o 


■<4> 


l~^ 


— , 


■o 


l» 


M 


Sh u 


fa 


















1-1 


I— ( 






1 I- 

| 


TS CD 

S3 S>> 
































I CO 


co 


© 


co 


-* 


CO 


Ol 


I- 


l^ 


C35 


o 


— 


-M 


t=^, 


s 


















""■ 




1-1 


*"* 


© 


0> 


! 




























^> 


» 




























J 


H 


'*'. 


Si 


o 


,_, 


>~> 


0) 


t^, 


4-> 
— 

E5o 


CU 
4^ 


O 


53 

S 


53 

Q 

s 

O 








<n 


<u 


o3 




c3 


►5 


►2, 


<! 


03 


o 


o 


QJ 





Death Returns from INK) to L850. 



25 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1822. 



Abscess o 

Accidental 2 

Apoplexy <"> 

Asthma 2 

Burns 1 

Cancer 8 



Hanging 
Ilemorrhagia . 
Hooping-cough . 
Hydrocephalus . 
* Elystertis [ ?] . 
Infantile diseases 



Casualty 1 ."> Inflammation of bowels 



2 
2 
5 

1 

1 

244 

5 



Cholera morbus . 

Cholic, bilious 

( Sonsnmptioii .... 

Cram]) 

Croup 

Cynanche traclalis . 

Debility 

Diarrhoea -9 

Disease of heart .... 3 
I) scase unknow n . . .218 

Dropsy 43 

Drowned 21 

Dysentery .">1 



1 6(5 
2 

10 
1 
4 



Epilepsy . 

Fits 

Fever, bilious 

" inflammatory 

" lung . 
'' nervous . 



2 

8 
10 

6 
11 

1 



" " brain 

Insanity .... 
Intemperance 
Jaundice .... 
Leprosy .... 
Marasmus .... 
Measles .... 
Mortification . 
Murdered .... 
Old age .... 

Palsy 

Quinsy 

Scalds 

Scirrhus .... 
Scrofula .... 

Spasms 

Still-born .... 
Strangulated hernia . 
Sudden 



pleurisy .... 5 Suffocated 



4 
36 

10 

7 

Q 
O 

4 
2 
1 

I If) 
1 
1) 
•) 



puerperal 
putrid . 
rheu malic 
typhus 
vellow . 



Gout 
Gravel 



24 

L 
1 
3 



Suicide . 
Syphilis 
Tetanus 

White swelling 
Worms . 



Total 1,203 



* In printed report, Hysteria. 



26 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







l^ 


x 


l> 


X 


cc 


CM 


t- 


>o 


>o 


CO 


Ol 


-+ 1 


-f 


•spnoj 


C5 


l> 


O 


GO 


». 


t- 


CO 


Ci 


co 


Th 


1— 1 


X 1 
1 


UTS 

1— t 


S3 Lu , 


l~ 


1—1 


-r 


-r 


Ol 


X 


•* 


~ 


CO 


l~ 


I- 


(N 1 


X 


r* ' 

p S 1 
























1 


'- 


--T 


:* 


C5 


"* 


o 


x 


-T 


'« 


CO 


— 


CM 


" 1 


co 
- 


■uiog 1 


■0 


-M 


co 


.- 


X 


CO 


-f 


C5 


■o 


(N 


c; 


O 1 


C35 


-ims 

1 


















rt 


"~ 




— -i 


— 


. © t_l 


o 


© 


o 


O 


r 


o 


o 


O 


o 


O 


o 


O 1 


go 






























s 1 


1-1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


- 1 


c 


o 


o 


= 


- 1 


CO 


© ' fa 1 


CM 


r1 


o 


r-l 


— 1 


Tl 


r-| 


CM 


tH 


o 


-M 


— 1 


CO 


o «-. 
oo S 1 

© Ci! 
























1 


r— 1 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


o 


-' 


O 


= 


CM 


- 1 


CM 


° 1 


Ci 


o 


1— I 


■* 


CM 


r— 


r-l 


r-i 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 1 


CM 


°? 


























1 


CM 


6 


B 


re 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


~ 


tH 


o 


CM 


"- 1 


^ 1 


o 

CM 


© i 
t- 


u - 


o 


•V 


** 


~ 


^ 


o 


CM 


^ 


X* 


• C5 


'-' 


^ i 


co 

CM 


6 


• 


cm 


O 


CM 


Tf 


CM 


r— 1 


O 


CM 


CM 


CM 


^H 


Tl | 


o 


co si 
























1 


CM 


d 

CO 


fa 


-* 


■o 


1-1 


»o 


^ 


— 


o 


CO 


Tl 


CO 


CM 


-.- 1 


co 


o 

US 


S 


-* 


1-1 


CM 


° 


co 


co 


CM 


" 


'-' 


iO 


-* 


-* 1 


co 

co 


d 


fa 


■* 


CM 


CM 


-* 


co 


co 


co 


UO 


■«* 


t» 


L->. 


co 1 


CO 


• 


"O 


L— 


L^ 


1— 1 


»c 


co 


CO 


CO 


X 


-+ 


CO 


co 1 


CO 


«h 
























1 


--: 


d 


fa 


uO 


CO 


cs 


:C 


CO 


CO 


"-■ 


tea 


X 


L>- 


CO 


CO | 


CJ5 




. r 


CO 


X 


i- 


CO 


r- 1 


CO 


>C 


o 


Vv| 


■<* 


!>• 


CM 1 


X 


co S 










— 














1 


«0 


d 

CO 


fa 


CO 


^ 


"* 


X 


x 


■o 


•o 


"O 


CO 


Oi 


L^ 


•-- 1 


l — 




• 


o» 


r-l 


«o 


•c 


"M 


fM 


»C0 


co 


CO 


X 


co 


CO 1 


o 


<M S 
























1 


iO 


o 


,—1 


o 


r-l 


T 


r— i 


7M 


T 


co 


— 


CM 


-M 


C75 


d 


fa 


























CM 




u 


o 


1— c 


CM 


Ol 


CO 


O 


CM 


o 


X 


r— 


CO 


O 


CM 


2 S 


























CM 




CM 


r— 


o 


CM 


1— ( 


O 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


r-l 


CM 


l» 


- fa 


























H 


o 





































•— ( 


o 


CO 


CI 


CO 


o 


Ol 


Tf< 


CO 


r-l 


° 1 


o 


U0 M 
























1 


CM 









c 


r-l 


T— 1 


O 


T-H 


o 


r-l 


CO 


X 


r-l 


i— i 


X 




fa 


























^^ 


•o 






























" 




CM 


r. 


CO 


o 


CM 


r- 1 


o 


■M 


CM 


•o 


o 


CM 


o 




























CM 






CM 


r- ( 


CO 


_ 


CM 


O 


r— 


CO 


-M 


cs 


IT- 


-H 


>o 




fa 


















— 








■«* 


CQ 
































CM 


o 


CO 


co 


CM 


O 


o 


CO 


o 


»o 


CM 


r-l 


Oi 




s 


















-H 


'""' 






rH 






eo 


TO 


CO 


I- 


Ol 


CO 


Tp 


r— 


GO 


-* 


t- 


- 


^ 


ss 


fa 
















rt 










CO 


































i— 


-r 


•>* 


— 1 


— 


o 


1- 


CO 


— i 


- 


i—l 


X 


co 


f-. 


s 








I— 1 


— 








r— 1 




" — 




OS 


*? 




























*J 




















. 








cao 
















— 1 




— 


•_, 




tH 






















cu 


<v 






>^ 


93 












+3 


-^ 


s 


"S 


rQ 






« 




o 


— 


>~> 


0) 


>^ 


5b 


4J 


"o 


r? 


o 




1 




c3 


ci 
— 


< 


cS 

fl 


r^ 


r^ 


^ 




CJ 


O 
r5 


cu 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



27 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1823. 



Abscess 
Accidental 
Aneurism . 
Angina pectoris . 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma 
Atrophy 

Burns .... 
Cancer .... 
Carbuncle 
Casualty . 
Cholera infantum 
" morbus . 
Colic, bilious . 
Consumption . 
Croup .... 
Cynanche trachialis 
Debility . . . 
Delirium tremens 
Diarrhoea . 
Disease of heart 
Disease unknown 
Dropsy .... 
Drowned . 
Dysentery . 
Dyspepsia . 
Effusion of brain 
Epilepsy . 
Fever, inflammatory 

" intermittent 

" nervous . 

" pleurisy . 

" puerperal 
pulmonic 

" rheumatic 

'• typhus 

' w yellow 
Fits 



4 

1G 
1 
1 

11 
1 
1 
•) 



4 
13 

2 

I 

183 

13 

1 

6 

7 

12 

7 

212 

18 

16 

25 



12 

1 



4 

5 
38 

1 
27 

1 
19 



Fractures 

Gout 

Gravel 

Hernia, strangled 
Hydrocephalus .... 
Hydrothorax .... 
Infantile diseases 
Inflammation of the bowels, 

"• " brain, 

Intemperance .... 

Jaundice 

Marasmus 

Mortification 

Old age 

Organic disease of the 

brain 

Palsy 

Phthisis 

Quinsy 

Rheumatism .... 

Scald 

Scirrhous liver .... 

Scrofula 

Spasms 

Sphacelus 

Still-born 

Stricture urethra 

Sudden 

Suicide 

Syphilis 

Teething 

White swelling .... 
Whooping-cough 

Worms 

Wounds 



2 

2 

2 

2 

9 

5 

184 

15 

16 

10 



1 

5 
1 
5 
1 
1 

6 
4 
3 
1 
109 
3 
5 
3 
1 

2 

1 

17 



Total 



1,154 



28 



Death Returns from INK) to L850. 



■SIBJOX 



■ujog 

-iros 



S 
fa 

s 



— OS — 

co o OS 




d 


fa 

a 
fa 


—1 


- 


Tl 


O 


— 


o 


C 


CO 


CI 


ri 


"~ 


o 


CO 


6 

00 


— 


o 


c 


T— 1 


Ol 


— ' 


o 


o 


© 


o 


•""' 


~- 


1*- 


d 


■M 


- 


-M 


~ 


-* 


7-1 


1 — 


10 


CO 


1-1 


-* 


■M 


IS 


o 


s 


i— 1 


- 


CM 


7-1 


— 


CM 


o 


OI 


— 


"~ 


CM 


:C 


1- 


d 
i- 


fe 


>o 


— 1 


■^ 


CM 


i— i 


-M 


o 


-M 


CO 


CM 


CC 


cc 


1 "~ 

1 CO 


o 

CO 


s 


1—1 


- 


— 


"M 


CO 


o 


T— 1 


— 


1— 1 


i—l 


co 


«* 


CI 


d 


fa 


-M 


CO 


^ 


7-1 


"M 


CO 


-r 


CI 


— 


i—i 


CO 


o 


1 - 

1 CO 



© 'O 

co co 



oo 

— 



■o 


"M 


■o 


CM 


-M 


■O 


'■' 


>o 


1 - 


■^ 


1 ^ 

1 -H 


• ~ 


!£ 


35 


CO 


CO 


CO 


~ 


I— ( 


CO 


■O 


IS 


CO 


I— 


O 


>o 


— 


CO 


1 - 


L^ 


^^ 


.- 


1 ^ 



fa 

s 

fa 
s* 



00 X 

-M I- 



* 


CI 


CM 


CM 


CO 


co 


co 


CO 


o 


T 


o 


CO 




1 CO 


s 


-M 


CO 


^H 


" 


.: 


CM 


at 


co 


7M 


© 


CO 




1 ~* 

1 -M 

1 



fa 



ct -^ — 



I to 

I - 






r. 



"~> ~ 



c3 ® ,2 - 

T fe <«5 "S 



>-., 2 



o 



x 



o 

5 



to I CO 



in 


. 1 
fa 


CM 


CO 


-f 


"M 


X 


CO 


O 


** 


CM 


■O 


o 


^h 


1 o 

1- 


cw 


as 


-M 


CI 


— 


1-1 


^H 


-h 


i—l 


CO 


CO 


•ft 


o 


— 


1 4' 

1 


« 


fa 


-f 


— 


co 


K 


1—1 


O 


->* 


1 - 


— . 


35 


co 


CO 


1 ift 

( co 


i-H 


s ' 


" 


i-H 


-* 


r— ( 


CM 


-M 


CO 


CO 


CM 

— < 


i— i 


GO 


-# 


1 -* 

1 ^ 



■ft 

o 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



29 



Diseases and Causes ov Death in Boston in L824. 



Abscess 

Accidental 

Apoplexy 

Asthma 

Atrophy 

Bilious colic 

Bleeding at lungs 

Burns 

Cancerous humor 

('anker 

Canker in bowels 

Carbuncle 

Chicken-pox 

Cholera morbus .... 
Cholera infantum 
Complaint of heart . 

Strangury 

Sudden 

Complication of diseases . 
Complaint of bowels 

Consumption 

Croup 

Debility 

I >ecay of nature .... 

Decline 

Delirium tremens 

Diarrhoea 

Diseases unknown . 

" infantile 

Disorder of the mesenteric 

glands 

Diseases of the kidneys 
Drinking cold water 

Dropsy 

Dropsy in head .... 

Suicide 

Suffocation 

Dropsy of chest .... 

Drowned 

Dysentery 

Enlarged spine .... 

Epilepsy 

Fever 

of the lungs . 

nervous .... 

inflammatory . 



18 
2 
I 
1 
7 

11 
4 
1 
7 
2 
2 
242 

30 

11 
5 
9 



4 

24 

195 

32 

4 

1 
2 

12 



1 

14 
18 
15 

1 

2 

.") 

71 

1 



Fever, brain 

1,1 pleurisy . . . . 

" typhus . . . . 

" bilious . 

" puerperal . . . . 

" putrid 

" spotted 

Syphilis 

Teething 

Fits . 

Fungus 

Gout 

Gravel 

Hepatico gastritis 
Hooping-cough . 
Hydro-thorax . 

Inflammation 

" of the bowels . 

" " " lungs 

" " " stomach, 

k ' " heart . 

Insanity 

Intemperance . . . . 

Marasmus 

Measles 

Tetanus 

White swelling . 
Mortification . 

Old age 

Ossification 

Palsy 

Phthisis pulmonalis . 

Pneumonia 

Quinsy 

Rheumatism 

Rupture 

Salt-rheum 

Scirrhus 

Scrofula 

Spasms 

Still-born 

Strangulated hernia, 

Worms 

Wounds 



46 

1 1 

13 

1 

1 

3 

10 

27 

2 

2 

1 

I 

13 

14 

3 

13 

2 

3 

7 

2 

22 

1 

2 

2 

1 

12 

33 

1 

12 

2 

4 

11 

9 

2 

1 



9 
89 

1 



Total 



1,2!»; 



30 



Drath Returns prom IS If) to l.s. r ><). 







-^ 


— 




_ 


__ 





O 


0-1 


"C 


co 


— 


- 1 


O 1 


•spjox 


Os 


~ 


X 




<N 


— 


t> 




r(* 


ca 




CI 




M 
ft 


fa 


■ o 


-r 


C-l 


iC 


1 - 


cs 


— 


1 - 


1^ 


-T 


o 


- 1 


-o 


• 


■- 


K 


'O 


l^ 


-M 


cc 


— 


'0 


CO 


t- 


= 


"~ 1 


CTS 


P s 
























1 


>o 


•uaoa 


OS 


~ 


■* 


'O 


1- 


— 


•0 


l~ 


CI 


Ifl 


X 


z j 


X 
X 


-ims 


















= 


C 




1 




si 


fa 


- 


X 


~ 


c 


"" 


o 


o 


o 


— 


~ ~ 


l~ 


S 


o 


o 


~ 


c 


= 


o 


© 


o 


- 


o 

CI 


- 1 


*" ' 


© 

a 


fa 


;m 


-r 


— 


— 1 


= 


o 


- 


CI 


— 


'C 


6 

00 


B 


<M 


ec 


o 


— 


- 


— 


o 


CI 


— 


— 


~t 1 


— 


© 

00 


fa 


00 


- 


<M 


o 


r — 


CO 


■<* 


- 


1—1 


1 • 


co 


© 
1- 


S 


'M 


co 


C 


— 


— 


-M 


o 


~ 


CI 




~~" 


- 1 


— 


d 
d 

CD 


fa 


CO 


CO 


<M 


Ol 


CI 


■- ' 


0M 


Ol 


" tr 


~ 


r , 


CI 

c, 

OS 


o 

co 


s 


1-1 


■ o 


"* 


<M 


° 


1—1 


— 


o 


— 


CI 


d 

CD 


fa 


CN 


OS 


— 


" 


■* 


X 


I~ 


TO 


— 


~~ 


** 

^ 


o 


s 


CO 


CO 


CO 


~ 


rr 


•" 


TO 


Ol 


-f 


■' 


1—1 


'■ 


1-^ 

CO 


d 


fa 


CO 


">* 


CO 


1-" 


r_! 


o 


l^ 


'O 


~ 


co 


-f 


'- 


-T 


s 


S 


CD 


co 


UO 


cc 


Z 


— 


c-. 


1- 


-t 


^< 


— 


" 


0^ 

1-- 


d 


fa 


oo 


CO 


O 


t^ 


'— ' 


t-» 


f. 


CI 


X 


t- 


1- 


" 


o 




• 


iC 


00 


CO 


co 


>Q 


"t 


Ol 


1^ 


CI 


00 


r— 


-f 


kO 


m 














— 




— 









X 


d 

CO 

© 
35 


fa 


<M 


7— 1 


•o 


co 


L^ 


~ 


X 




■ 


X 


-r 


^ 


t- 


s 


- 


Ol 


-* 


CO 


L— 


CI 


- 


i0 


t- 


oc 


l^ 


CO 


co 




■"*> 


(M 


<M 


C4 


CO 


■M 


•o 


01 


co 


•0 


CO 


!N 


"2 


d fe 


























co 




































Ol 


CI 


i— 1 


o 


O 


CI 


H 


O-l 


-=r 


— 


i— i 


co 


~ 


2 
































,_, 


,_ 


o 


,— 1 


co 


- 


.^. 


Ol 


CO 


— 


co 


<N 


35 


d 


fa 


























^^ 




CO 


,_! 




_ 


■M 


— 


CO 


-i- 


o 


•o 


i — 


»o 


I- 


US 


s 


















■ o 








CI 








CI 


O 


OO 


-r 


-r 


X 


-r 


CI 


— 


I- 




fa 


























-f 


lO 
































CO 


Tf" 


0-1 


cc 


O 


X 


— 


t^ 


'O 


-T 


rf 


CO 


t-- 




s 










~ 




















1 CI 


i— 1 


-r 


CO 


(M 


l^ 


t— i 


CO 


o 


-t 


I> 


co 


'O 




fa 










r— 1 




i—i 


^^ 


— 








X 


cxt 
































co 


CO 


CO 


CO 


OS 


t^ 


tr- 


o 


o 


iO 


^H 


CO 


>c 




* 








7-1 








^ H 


7—1 








X 






1 <M 


■* 


ia 


-* 


uO 


os 


o 


— 


l-H 


'O 


00 


co 


C 




fa 


1 












Ol 


O-l 


"~" 








O 


fl>> 




CO 




l>- 


JO 


OO 


— 


r>\ 


1—1 


Ol 


o 


CO 


CI 


"* 


p^ 


s 












1-1 


"CI 


CI 


~" 


CI 




^^ 


— 


»ffl 




























©5 


















• 




• 






oo 


















f-l 




fH 


. 




l-H 


j-"5 














4J 


s 


cu 


CP 
o 

g 


0) 

^2 






ci 


a 


9 


:S 


S-> 


cu 


>> 


Ei» 


CD 
+3 


O 


cu 










S3 


eg 

|-"< 


<! 


ri 
» 


-^ 




<^ 


<D 


6 


o 


cu 





Death Returns from lsio to 1850. 



9 1 

6 I 



Fevers, typhus . 


. 54 


" synocha . 


. 12 


" intermittent 


1 


" yellow 


1 




. 2 




6 



Pneumonia 67 

Phthisis pulmonalis . . . 220 

Influenza 7 

Phreuitis 3 

Diaphragmitis .... 1 

Enteritis 15 

Cystitis 1 

Hepatitis 16 

Icterus 10 

Peritonitis, chronic ... 3 

Dysenteria 56 

Colic, bilious 4 

Diarrhoea 4 

Cholera morbus .... 1 1 

Dyspepsia 7 

Obstipatio 3 

Intemperance .... 23 

Delirium-tremens ... 7 

Vesania 10 

Ascites or Anasarca . . 28 

Carditis 2 

Palpitation 1 

Old age 38 

Marasmus 2 

Sphacelus 8 

Abscesses 2 

Tumor 1 

White swelling .... 1 

Carcinoma 7 

Burns 5 

Hydrocephalus .... 38 

Hydrothorax 3 

Rheumatismus .... 6 

Arthritis 1 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1825. 

Erysipelas l 

Scrofula 4 

Lepra 1 

Variola 1 

Heart, organic disease . . 5 

Sciatica 1 

Calculus 2 

Syphilis ;; 

Hernia 2 

Puerperal diseases ... 17 

Still-born 88 

Infantile diseases ... 44 

Cholera infantum . . . 13 

Dentitio 15 

Aphtha 40 

Pertussis 27 

Rubeola 77 

Scarlatina 1 

Cynanche maligna ... 6 

" trachealis . . 24 

" tonsillaris . . 3 

Accidental 11 

Drowned 21 

Murder 1 

Suicide 4 

Suffocation 1 

Poison 1 

Frozen 1 

Drinking cold water . . .'! 

Heat 3 



Sudden .... 
Bursting blood-vessel 
Lethargus .... 
Spasm 



. 35 

. 2 

1 

. 48 

Apoplexia 12 

Paralysis 14 

I'nknown 227 



Total 1,450 



32 



Death Returns from 1 S 1 ( ) to 1850. 







l> 


X 


•- 





■^ 


— 


CM 


CO 


X 


X 


CT 


1- 1 


— < 


•srBjoi 


— 


X 


o 


— 


- 


- 


- 


CC 


CM 

i — 


~ 




o, 


CM 

CC 

— 
— 




fa 


CM 


o 


tN 


CC 


1 — i 


~ 


- 


cr 


CM 


O 


• 


— 


■' 


—i 


__ 


1— 1 


,_ 


— 


■* 


CM 


i — 


CM 


S3 S 

•njog 

-iros 


























M 
1- 


- 


I- 


O 

rH 


-o 


•o 


c 


I~ 


-r 


T— 1 


r. 


X 


-f 


si 


fa 


'- 


C: 


= 


~ 


o 


o 


1-1 


o 


— 


- 


- 


CM 


7 1 
CM 


s 


o 


~ 


C 


c 


~ 


c 


3 


= 


— 


' 


CM 
CM 


© 

00 


fa 


-* 


— 


CC 


- , 


— 


3 


— 


"M 


~ 


~ 


o 

00 


S 


T— 1 


o 


o 


1—1 


- 


— 1 


— 


— 


~ 


© 


fa 


^ 


l~ 


CM 


— 


o 


- 


~ 


CC 


CM 

CC 


T— 1 


'J"- 


o 


s 


TH 


1—1 


i— 1 


— 1 


CM 


■M 


— 


1—i 


CM 


d 


fa 


CM 


>t 


CC 


-M 


'cH 


CM 


CM 


-t- 


CM 


~^ 


~ 




CC 
CT 


6 


s 


r—. 


■<* 


"* 


"CH 


CM 


(N 


~ 


o 


— 1 


I- 


CM 


^. 


X 

CM 


d 

cs 

6 

U3 


fa 


"* 


iO 


■<* 


<* 


CO 


"— 


(M 


-* 


CC 


CM 


— 


X 

CC 


fa 


'" 


1— 1 


T— 1 


o 


CO 


CC 


'-' 


CC 


;- 


■* 




d 


"* 


.c 


— 


-# 


-M 


'- 


CC 


CC 


rH 


i^ 




— 


3 


d 

<* 


s 


"* 


-* 


id 


-* 


l>- 


CO 


OS 


— 


l^ 


■o 


— 




l~ 


d 


fa 


CO 


CO 


»o 


3S 


L— 


uc 


00 


o 


^H 


1- 


l^ 


CO 


-M 




• 


■^ 


>o 


CM 


t~ 


00 


r 


o 


e» 


X 


l- 


OS 


~ 


"O 


co S 






— 






rt 


1—1 












-• 


d 


fa 


CO 


CM 


b- 


CM 


CO 


o 


iO 


— 


■ ~ 


— 
I— 1 


'- 




I- 
CM 


o 


s 


L^ 


CO 


'- 


CO 


X 


CO 


00 


X 


l> 


>~ 


'O 


■M 


d 


fa 


t— 1 


— 


CC 


— 


CM 


-* 


CM 


CM 


"'• 


CC 


^" 


co 


d 


























cc 


— 
CM 


CM 


— 


- 


i— I 


1—1 


■^ 


CC 


CI 


CM 


c 


CM 






•"* 


1—1 


CM 


cm 


CM 


CO 


O 


CO 


CM 


1—1 


cz: 


C^: 


~ 


d 


fa 


























„ 


S3 


CM 


o 


CM 


-* 


CO 


CM 


" 


tc 


CC 


>c 


c 


_ 


CM 


cil 


fa 


-* 


— 1 


-* 


CC 


"O 


CM 


1—1 


CC 


CM 


"^ 


tH 


co 


CC 


s 


CD 


CM 


CM 


T_l 


•o 


*-* 


CO 


CM 


•- 


CM 


CM 


CC 


cc 




•~ 


■* 


CM 


..- 


l^ 


— 


->* 


CM 


CM 


i- 


X 


CM 


i- 


tic 
















*"* 


— 










« 




























- 


. 


CC 


cm 


co 


X 


-^ 


O 


CM 


CO 


Tji 


■* 


1^ 


<— 1 




s 
















T— 1 










'• 




CO 


00 


E- 


X 


— 


CO 


i—( 


CC 


CO 


•o 


CM 


iO 


l-H 


nder 
year 

" F 














1-1 


I— 1 


rt 








05 




l^ 


CM 


co 


,_, 


-f* 


c 


•o 


O 


r— 


CO 


C75 


CC 


^ e 


i— 1 








-H 


^* 


! 


1— 1 


CM 


1— 1 






co 


cc 




























?» 




























1—1 




>1 














o> 




o> 


Qj 






>> 


e8 




— 


f>> 


CO 




+3 

5d 


Z 
-i-3 


O 




^3 

s 

o 








h"J 


en 


o3 


<J 


1— 1 


►E 


Hj 


<1 


CO 

f. 


o 


o 


1) 

A 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



Diseases and Cause of Death in Boston in L826 



Accidental 
Abscess 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma 

Abscess, lumber 
Bleeding at lungs 
Burns . 
Bloody flux 
Consumption 
Croup 



Canker . 
Cancer . 
Colic . . . 
Cholera morbus 
Canker rash . 
Cholera infantum 
Childbed diseases 
Dysentery . 
Dropsical diseases 
Dropsy of brain . 

" " heart . 
" chest . 
Delirium tremens 
Debility . . . 
Disorders of head 
Drowned . 
Dyspepsia . 
Diseases unknown 
Epilepsy . 
Fever, inflammatory 

" bilious 

" typhus 

" scarlet 

" putrid 

" lung . 

" slow . 

" brain . 

" unknown ki 



Frozen 
Fistula 

Fits . 

Gravel 

Gout 



nd 



14 
5 

10 

1 

1 

1 

11 

1 

231 

24 

25 

5 

4 

5 

4 

12 

12 

47 

32 

29 

1 

9 

5 

18 

5 

22 

1 

161 

1 

6 

11 

31 

6 

1 

41 

2 

13 

9 
1 
2 
45 
4 
1 



Heart, disease of ... 1 1 

Hooping-cough .... 23 

Hip-joint disease ... 1 

Intemperance .... 38 

Inflammation of bowels . 24 

" " chest . . 1 

" Li liver . . 1 

' l " brain . . 

" " stomach . 1 

Inflammatory diseases . . 3 

Infantile 40 

Insane 1 

Jaundice 5 

Liver, disease of ... 11 

Lock-jaw 1 

Lethargy 1 

Mortification 9 

Measles 10 

Old age 40 

Palsy '.» 

Poison 1 

Pleurisy 7 

Quinsy 5 

Rupture •_' 

" blood-vessel . . 2 

Rheumatism 4 

Scurvy 1 

Still-born 87 

Spasms 8 

Suicide 5 

Scirrhous of the mesen- 
teric glands .... 1 

Scalded :; 

Scrofula 1 

Teething 8 

Throat distemper . . . 6 

Tumor 2 

Venereal 1 

Ulcer 2 

Worms 4 

White swelling .... 1 



Total 



1,254 



34 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







o 


1^ 


cm 


(M 


CO 


as 


CD 


a. 


CD 


rH 


CO 


CO 


CM 


•spnoi 


CO 


CD 


OS 


CO 


GO 


CD 


CO 


o 

T— 1 


O 
i— 1 


CO 


CO 


t>- 


CM 

o 


. 









O 


(M 


o 


3 


I— 1 


— 


CM 


I— 1 


o 


o 




vn | 


























— 


♦ i 


(N 


CM 


O 


^^ 


i-h 


I— ( 


C 


T— ( 


— 


O 


o 


l-H 


co 


P S 1 


























1—1 


■n-iog 1 

-iros 


t- 


O 


CD 


CC 


as 


l>- 


•o 


I— 


O 


c 


T 


>o 


CO 
X 


§§ 


fa | 


c 


o 


- 


3 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


^ 1 


l-H 


S3 1 


- 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


c 


o 


o 


o 


° 1 


o 


© 

03 


fa | 


CO 


1— 1 


- 


CM 


7-1 


*- 


7-1 


o 


^ 


1—1 


»— i 


c 


iO 


o 

00 


s 1 


- 1 


- 


- 1 


^ 


o 


o 


"- 1 


tH 


'- , 


o 


1-1 


° 1 


- 


d 

op 

d 


fa ! 


o 


I— I 


CM 


CO 


7-1 


—' 


1—1 


CM 


CM 


'-* 


•^ 


.co | 


"■ 


s ! 


— 


71 


71 


^ 


7-1 


— 


71 


1-1 


-■ 


T-H 


CO 


o 


co 

l-H 


d 


fa | 

S 1 


^ 


CD 


— 


-74 


C 


o 


CM 


- 1 


o 


T— 1 


CM 


CO 


co 

— 


,_l 


_ 


CC 


CM 


71 


o 


-* 


CO 


CO 


o 


^H 


:: 


CO 


co 
























1 


CM 


d 

6 
d 
o 


fa | 


'0 


O 


iO 


CM 


«o 


^ 


T— 1 


— 


"* 


CO 


rH 


« 


o 

CO 


S 1 
fa 


co 


H 


o 


CD 


co 


X 


C 


L- 


«-< 


1—1 


CO 


* 


71 

— 


71 


— 


CO 


CO 


■* 


CM 


as 


co 


CO 


■^H 


iO 


^ 


CD 

— 


s 


>o 


X 


Til 


CM 


— 


*tf 


^H 


CO 


X 


o 


to 


CC 




<*< 




















— . 






CO 


i 


fa 1 


CO 


"* 


»o 


** 


i- 


CO 


i- 


l^ 


X 


■* 


t- 


• 


»C0 1 
CO 1 


s 1 


o 


CM 


l~ 


_ 


CO 


t> 


co 


"O 


71 


o 


t> 


o 


tH 


CO 








— -i 


















co 


d 


fa 1 


CO 


■<* 


CD 


CO 


"* 


CD 


CO 


uO 


CO 


'O 


co 


^ 


co 


CO 

d 






























s 


-* 


** 


CO 


■~ 


CO 


'CO 


rh 


CO 


"* 


1^- 


as 


iO 


1- 






71 


,— , 


_ 


o 


1—1 


,-H 


CM 


^h 


CM 


co 


CM 


CM 


l-H 


o 


fa 


























CM 


esj 






























. 1 


rH 


iO 


CO 


1— 1 


CO 


T— I 


CO 


CO 


CM 


1— I 


CM 


CO 


CO 


l-H 


s 


























7-1 




# 


o 


T— 1 


!-H 


r 


(M 


,-H 


~ 


CC 


O 


CM 


r- 


t— 1 


CM 


d 

l-H 


fa 


























l-H 


# 


~ 


O 


~r 


71 


7-1 


I— 1 


,— | 


CC 


,— 1 


© 


CC 


o 


I- 


s 


























^ 




CM 


CO 


>o 


■* 


i— I 


CC 


CM 


r— i 


CM 


o 


o 


l-H 


"* 




fa 


























CM 


•o 






























. 


l-H 


71 


'7 


tH 


CO 


o 


CO 


co 


!— 1 


1 — 1 


'CO 


"<* 


CM 




s 


























CO 






rH 


T— 1 


CO 


c 


71 


71 


-* 


o 


as 


CM 


70 


CO 


o 




fa 
















T-H 










^* 


N 






























. 


CM 


O 


71 


7-1 


CO 


»<0 


>o 


1* 


70 


r— i 


CM 


CO 


CM 




s 


























CO 






70 


71 


CC 


as 


CO 


rH 


«o 


1— < 


CM 


o 


CD 


co 


iO 


!h Jh 


fa 


























l^ 


<D cS 


























































«>> 


. 


35 


X 


CM 


as 


MO 


L- 


ICO 


CO 


*tf 


CO 


«* 


-* 


^ 


!=-, 


s 






i— 1 










— 


r— ( 








as 


t^ 


















• 










C* 






























- 


1-3 


3 

3 

fa 


-3 
P 
03 






0> 


t-3 


3 
bf) 


0) 
CD 

C/3 


CD 

"o 

o 
O 


> 
o 


g 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



.10 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1827. 



Hooping cough .... G 

Heart disease .... (3 

Hip disease 1 

Head, diseases of 2 

Infantile diseases . . . 35 

Insanity 5 

Intemperance 25 

Inflammation .... 



Abscess 






2 


Accidental 






. 13 


Apoplexy . 






. 10 


Asthma 






2 


Bloody flux 






1 


Bowel complaint . 






. 19 


Brain, diseases of 






. 3 


Burns .... 






8 


Cancer .... 






. 4 


Canker .... 






. 18 


Canker rash . 






1 


Child-bed diseases 






. 11 


Cholera infantum 






3 


Cholera morbus . 






5 


Colic, bilious . 






2 


Consumption . 






. 178 


Convulsions . 






. 23 


Croup .... 






. 25 


Diseases unknown 






If) 2 


Debility . . . 






6 


Delirium tremens 






1 


Diarrhea . 






3 


Dyspepsia . 






1 


Drowned . 






21 


Dropsy 






25 


" of chest . 






6 


" of brain 






24 


Dysentery 






23 


Diabetes . 






1 


Epilepsy . 






3 


Erysipelas . 






8 


Fistula .... 






1 | 


Fever, unknown kin 


a 




4 


" nervous . 






1 


" typhus 






24 


" lung . 






36 


' ' scarlet 






1 


" bilious . . 






3 i 


41 inflammatory 






2 


" brain . 






19 


" putrid . 






2 


Gravel 

Hanged . 






2 
1 



of heart . 
" bowels . 
u brain . 
" lungs . 



Jaundice 



4 
1 
12 
1 
2 
3 



Lethargy 1 

Liver complaint . 
Mortification .... 
'' of bowels . 

Old age 

Palpitation of heart 

Palsy 

Paralitic affection . 

Poison 

Prolapsus uteri . 

Pleurisy 3 

Quinsy 
Rheumatism 
Scrofula 
Suicide . 
Spasm 



i 

9 
2 

37 
1 
6 
6 
1 
1 



.... 2 

.... 4 

2 

.... 4 

.... 6 

Small-pox 3 

Syphilis 1 

Suffocation 1 

Still-born 83 

Sudden 3 

Throat distemper ... 6 

Tumor ...... 3 

Teething 23 

Ulcer 1 

Worms 4 

Wounds 1 



Total 



1,022 



36 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







ec 


CM 


co 


■ O 


eo 


CO 


CO 


l> 


o 


CO 


os 


CO 


CO 


•smox 


o 


L- 


00 


o 


o 

i— i 


OS 


OS 


(N 


iO 


i-H 


CO 


os 


CO 
CM 

i-H 


s* 


fa 


o 


c 


o 


c: 


— 


o 


o 


^h 


o 


i-H 


i-H 


o 


** 


M 






























fl 


s 


r- 1 


o 


_ 


o 


— 


,_l 


^H 


CI 


o 


rH 


CM 


T— 1 


r-l 


& 


























1-H 


•ujog 


-M 


CO 


cc 


c- 


CO 


CO 


CM 

i—l 


-h> 


CO 


CO 


-<* 


l^ 




-IIT1S 




























si 


fa 


■M 


c 


c 


c 


o 


o 


c 


C 


- 


o 


o 


i-H 


CO 


s 


O 


o 


^H 


o 


- 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


o 


O 


i-H 


© 

OS 

6 

oo 


fa" 


o 


■- 1 


CM 


T-l 


© 


o 


o 


o 


o 


*■" 


^ 


-* 


l-H 


S 


CO 


o 


^ 


° 


1-1 


1—1 


CM 


o 


i—l 


o 


CM 


r - 


Tl 


d 
oo 


fa 


CO 


o 


1-1 


CO 


CM 


o 


CO 


co 


" 


CM 


CO 


i—l 


CM 
CM 




• 


o 


CM 


o 


1-H 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


1—1 


o 


1—1 


CM 


iO 


s 


























i-H 


d 


fa 


■^ 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


*-* 


CO 


CO 


-* 


■o 


1— t 


i-H 


CO 


CM 

CO 


s 


1—1 


o 


,_, 


CO 


r— I 


iO 


© 


CM 


CM 


I-H 


CO 


i-H 


~ 


CO 

d 
© 


























CM 


. 


■<* 


I— 1 


iO 


,— 1 


CM 


CO 


CO 


"<* 


— 


CM 


CM 


CO 


■* 


Uh 


























CO 


s 


Tji 


CM 


CO 


o 


X 


o 


CM 


CM 


c 


uO 


3C 


»o 


■^ 


lO 


















1—1 








■* 


40-50. 
M. F. 


co 


CO 


CO 


■<* 


o 


^f 


CO 


-* 


-* 


^* 


^H 


CM 


CO 


























■* 


T|1 


CM 


-* 


CO 


iO 


"* 


CM 


os 


tH 


CO 


»C 


UO 


»o 


























>o 




B 


CO 


CO 


'- 


** 


CD 


l^ 


os 


© 


•^i 


cc 


t^ 


iO 


■* 


o 


fa 
















1—1 










t> 


, 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


C^ 


l^ 


CO 


iO 


CM 


OS 


OS 


CO 


co 


o 


3 


















"- 1 








CO 






t- 


uO 


OS 


X 


CO 


co 


i—i 


t» 


OS 


CO 


-* 


CO 


CO 


d 


fa 














^H 










i-H 


CO 


CO 
































CO 


CO 


iO 


X 


os 


!>• 


O- 


CO 


CO 


co 


<o 


"* 


CO 


CM 


s 
















^H 


1—1 


^ 






os 


- 




-^ 


CM 


CM 


CO 


l^ 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


>o 


CO 


d 


fa 


























CO 


« 






























B 


r _, 


o 


T-i 


CM 


-M 


1— t 


CM 


CM 


Th 


CM 


1— 1 


CM 


r> 


i-H 


s 


























CM 




fa 


*# 


CM 


© 


»o 


i— t 


co 


c 


o 


CM 


o 


r-l 


— 


os 


O 
l-t 

IO 


























•^ 


s 


- 1 


CM 


" 


CM 


CM 


.-* 


1-H 


CM 


i—l 


T— 1 


"* 


CM 


CO 
CM 




. 


co 


CM 


CO 


L^ 


i—l 


CO 


1—1 


,_| 


•o 


o 


< — 1 


■^ 


i-H 




fa 


























CO 
































. 


■^ 


O 


co 


•O 


CM 


CM 


i—l 


1—1 


iO 


i-H 


1-H 


TH 


os 




s 


























CM 






CO 


-M 


-+ 


>o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 





,— I 


CO 


CO 




fa 


























^* 


CSJ 






























B 


Tf 


CO 


<M 


"* 


CM 


"tf 


CO 


OS 


i-H 


o 


■* 


CM 


CO 




s 


















1-H 


1-1 






>o 


1 i 


iO 


© 


CM 


CO 


^ 


xH 


r(H 


CM 


o 


ri 


o 


CO 


os 


^h Lb 
a> oS 1 ^ 


^H 


•- 1 






i—l 






'-' 


CM 


1-1 


i-H 




o 
































a>> 


. 


CI 


1 — 


CO 


,_! 


-h 


CO 


,— i 


~ 


^ 


~ 


co 


co 


co 


^ s 


^H 


T— ( 


1—1 


1-H 


i—l 




i—i 


CM 


i-H 


1—1 






co 

^H 


X 
























































00 


p>» 


P-> 














cu 




a; 


^2 








c3 

s 
a 

at 


c5 


^3 




>> 


a 

1-3 




05 

S3 

<1 


fa 
CP 


Cv 

o 
o 

o 


> 
o 


a 

P 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



37 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in IS 28. 



Abscess 

" lumbar . 
Apoplexy . 
Accidental 
Asthma 

Burns .... 
Bleeding in lungs 

" k ' stomach 
Bowel complaints 
Consumption . 
Child-bed disease 
Croup .... 
Convulsions . 
Canker 
Cholera morbus . 

" infantum 
Chicken pox . 
Cancer .... 
Colic, bilious . 
Dysentery . 
Dropsy .... 

" of chest . 

" " brain . 
Diseases unknown 
Delirium tremens 
Drowned . 



ind 



Debility . . . 
Diabetes . 
Diarrhea . 
Drinking cold water 
Erysipelas 
Fever, unknown k 

" typhus 

" bilious 

" lung 

" brain . 

" hectic . . 

" malignant 

" inflammatory 

" scarlet 

" nervous . 

" intermittent 



1 
1 
18 
14 
1 
9 
2 

1 
2 

217 

14 

25 

31 

13 

7 

19 

1 

4 



29 

20 

1 

38 

178 

7 

1G 

G 

1 

2 

2 

3 

5 

31 

1G 

81 

12 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 



Fracture 2 

Gravel 1 

Heart, disease of G 

Hooping-cough .... 40 

Inflammation of larynx . 1 

lt general . . 4 

" of bowels . 33 

"' " stomach . 2 

" " brain . . 5 

" tl lungs . . 5 

Infantile diseases . . . 55 

Intemperance .... 34 

Insanity 1 

Jaundice 2 

Liver complaint .... 10 

Lockjaw 1 

Mortification 7 

" of bowels . . 4 

Matrix, disease of . . . 1 

Mesentery, disease of . . 1 

Old age 54 

Pleurisy - 

Poison 2 

Palsy 10 

Piles 1 

Quinsy 1 

Rupture 1 

Rheumatism 2 

Scrofula 5 

Suicide 9 

Spasms 1 

Small- pox 2 

Sudden 2 

Scirrhous 1 

Still-born 74 

Throat distemper ... 1 

Ulcers 3 

Venereal 3 

White swelling .... 1 

Worms 1 

Total 1,233 



38 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



1 




>o 


eo 


cm 


CO 


OS 


os 


1^ 


l^ 


CM 


CO' 


CO 


CO 


T-H 


•spnox 


o 


o 


o 

r-t 


© 


OS 


t» 


os 


os 


CM 


© 


© 


© 


CM 

T-H 


•tuojj 


no 


t>- 


OS 


** 


t~ 


l> 


CO 


1— I 


GM 


1— 1 


l^- 


GM 


>o 


-UPS 
























1-1 


CO 




fa* 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


O 


© 


-' 


1—1 


© 


GM 





S 


o 


o 


o 


1-1 


o 


o 


~~ 


.—I 


© 


© 


1— i 


- , 


'- 


i d | fa 


— 


o 


o 


o 


T-H 


o 


o 


O 


© 


rt 


— ' 


r 


-<* 






























Cfti— 1 * 

: S 


o 


~ 


o 


o 


- - 


© 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 


T-H 


© fr" 


co 


CM 


1— 1 


CM 


o 


cm 


o 


— > 


© 


T-H 


GM 


T-H 


• - 


CS 




























y—t 


O 


• 


1— 1 


CM 


o 


o 


GM 


o 


o 


CM 


rH 


r _| 


© 


_ 


© 


00 2= 


























tH 


O 
00 


fa 


GM 


CO 


- H 


^ 


o 


CO 


•"" 


— 


© 


CO 


CM 


co 


OS 
CM 


o 


s 


^- , 


"* 


o 


-M 


I— 1 


GM 


o 


o 


GM 


1—1 


'- , 


— < 


O 


O 1 fa 


nO 


■* 


cm 


CO 


T ~ l 


CM 


eo 


""* 


© 


~ 


CM 


o 


1-- 


! o h 

CD 5 


l— 1 


CM 


GM 


-.-. 


CM 


CO 


•M 


CM 


GM 


GM 


CO 


GM 


© 


























■M 


o 

CO 


fa 


GM 


CM 


GM 


© 


o 


^ 


CO 


CM 


T-H 


CO 


^ 


CM 


© 


g 


a 


CO 


CM 


i> 


"-" 


CM 


"* 


CM 


CM 


GM 


' - 


"-■ 


UO 


GM 

CO 


d 


fa 


-* 


GM 


Tjn 


co 


os 


CO 


IE 


"* 


CO 


GM 


uO 


— ' 


OS 

-r 




• 


.- 


en 


l^ 


"* 


- 


— 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


-+ 


GM 


i— i 


§ 


























nO 


d 
d 

CO 


fa 


© 


** 


X 


os 


tH 


CO 


co 


CO 


-f 


© 


© 


— 


i— 1 


a 


© 


no 


t- 


CO 


** 


■^ . 


T-H 


1-- 


>o 


CO 


CM 


-* 


© 










*— ' 




— ' 












CO 


_- _■ 


co 


CO 


GO 


GM 


t-h 


CM 


CO 


1^ 


^ 


»o 


■* 


uO 


"O 


? 

d 


Un 








— 


tH 
















t- 


• 


>o 


t> 


l> 


no 


no 


co 


CM 


t> 


co 


o 


CO 


T-H 


CM 


3 














— ' 










— * 


CO 






o 


,_| 


o 


■^ 


GM 


CO 


co 


-H 


I- 


© 


i— I 


T-H 


GM 


d 


fa 


























CO 


2 
































CO 


H 


CO 


CM 


CO 


^H 


CO 


© 


CM 


© 


-* 


GM 


t- 


a 


























CM 






o 


CM 


o 


CO 


1—1 


o 


o 


© 


CO 


© 


GM 


CO 


»- 


d 


fa 


























T-H 




"«* 


o 


GM 


GM 


o 


>— I 


o 


GM 


CM 


■rH 


GM 


— i 


UO 


10 


* 


























CM | 






CO 


nO 


>o 


CM 


t— 1 


CM 


** 


•O 


>o 


t- 


CO 


o 


'- 




fa 


























UO 


1.M 
































CO 


!>• 


"* 


CO 


-* 


t- 


GM 


CM 


iO 


X 


— 


no 






a 


























© 






os 


zo 


CO 


CO 


CO 


«o 


i—l 


GM 


HO 


© 


v: 


CO 


GM 




fa 
















t-h 


T-H 


r-H 






CO 


































CO 


■c 


"-* 


CO 


1—1 


o 


O 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CO 


-* 


-+ 
















T—l 




1—1 


r— I 






© 






l> 


CO 


-* 


GM 


t~ 


CM 


nO 


»0 


CO 


© 


i— i 


O 


© 


ss 


fa 


















,_l 


i—l 


i— i 




t^ 


,«£ 


. 




























o 


o 


GM 


os 


CO 


co 


CO 


•* 


GM 


CO 


o 


T-H 


i— I 


^T- 


S3 




1—1 


1— 1 










1-H 


GM 






T-H 


CM 

T-H 


Cs 




























c>* 




























OD 




>> 














CJ 




co 






»— 


>. 
















*a 


•_, 


^ 


_2 








a 

C3 
'-3 


83 

p 

CD 


J3 
p 

83 


< 




d 

a 
i-s 


>-9 


00 

bO 

< 


g 
S 

72 


03 
pQ 

-^ 
O 

o 


rH 

CU 
> 

o 


3 
o 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 TO 1850, 



39 



Diseases and Causes 



Apoplexy • 

Accidental 

Abscess 

"• of lungs 
" " brain 

Burns ... 

Brain, disease of 

Consumption 

Convulsions . 

Croup . 

Child-bed diseases 

Canker . 

Carcinoma uteri 

Colic . • .- 

Cholera morbus 

Chlorosis . 

Cancer 

Diseases unknow 

Dropsy . 

" of brain 
" " chest 

Dysentery . . 

Drowned . 
Debility • • 

Diarrhea . 
Disease of 



bowels 
chest 



Epilepsy . . 
Fever, typhus 

" lung . 

" brain . 

" bilious 

" putrid . 

tl unknown kind 

" intermittent . 

" scarlet 

" inflammatory 

" malignant 

" nervous 
Fistula . 
Fracture 
Gravel . 
Gout . . 
Hemorrhage of lungs 

" " bowels 

Hooping-cough . . 



of Death in Boston in 1829. 



12 

12 

1 

1 

2 

4 

2 

203 

28 

35 

17 

7 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

160 

12 

42 

4 

20 

19 

10 

1 

10 

4 

2 

28 

80 

14 

6 



Hip disease 
Heart, disease of 
Inflammation of bladde 
Infantile diseases 
Inflammation 

11 of lungs 

" of bowels 

" of brain 

Insanity 
Intemperance 
Jaundice . 
Lock-jaw . 
Liver, diseases of 
Lethargy . 
Mortification 

tl of bowel 
Measles 

Nervous affectiou 
Old age 
Palsy . . 
Pleurisy 
Piles . . 
Poison . 
Quinsy . 
Rheumatism 

Rupture 

" blood-vessel 

Sudden 

Still-born , 

Suffocation 

Spleen, disease 

Salt rheum 

Scrofula 

Suicide . 

Scald . 

Scurvy . 

Spasms 

Spine, disease of 

Stomach, disease of 

Teething . . • 

Throat distemper 

Venereal . 

Worms . 

Total . • • 



1 
55 
1 1 
10 

7 
3 

30 

1 

1 
14 

1 

s 

1 
72 

1 
65 
11 

4 

1 
1 

3 
3 
1 
1 
7 
05 
1 
1 
1 
4 
5 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 

13 
3 
1 
3 

1,221 



40 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



■spnoi 



i^ 



z 
© 



-* 1-1 

O CO 



o 



•ajog 
-IIF»S 



I 

I o 



oo 



*§ 



I 
I o 

i 

I - 
i 
I o 

I 



o 



f>l i o 



L° 



^1 i— I ^H 



CO I GO 



I 50 ^- , 



■^1 1-H i— I 



I 'N 






PM | - " 



1 fa ' 


-* 


CO 


L^ 


CO 


!>• 


<N 


GO 


i— i 


T* 


"0 


-* 


CO 


1 "° 
1 ^ 


3 


^ 


o 


CO 


co 


-M 


c 


L-~ 


CO 


t> 


l> 


"* 


-v 


1 ° 

1 o 



s 
fa 



o 


s 


CO 


"* 


-*T 


co • 


t- 


-* 


-^ 


»o 


r. 


t^ 


CO 


*- 


CO 
CO 


© 


fa 


tH 


'"" ' 


CO 


1-1 


■** 


CM 


<M 


i— f 


rt 


<M 


ICi 


-* 


o 

CO 


o 


s 


^H 


CO 


<M 


1—1 


CM 


<N 


"* 


CO 


i—i 


<N 


CO 


rH 





fa 


OJ 


o 


<M 


o 


CO 


GM 


<M 


<N 


* H 


O 


O 


© 


1 "* 
1^ 


S 


CO 


CO 


^ 


** 


1—1 


<* 


i— ( 


<M 


rt 


T-l 


*""' 


r— 1 


1 CO 






cm ia ■<* 



I CM 



I tN 



CO 



■O iQ I GO 



** 



CO CO 

CO 






co co I cs 



CO CO >o 



© 

CO 



>» H 



£ p 



ft, c3 



3 3 

»-3 »-3 



3 
bC 

3 

< 



f: 



— 
O 

o 
O 



S 
<v 

O 



Death Eeturns from 1810 to 1850. 



41 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1830. 



Apoplexy . 
Asthma 
Abscess 
Accidental 
Brain, disease of 
Bowels, " " 
Bleeding . 
Burns . 

Child-bed diseases 
Consumption . 
Chicken-pox . 
Cholera morbus 
Convulsions . 
Croup . 
Canker . 
Cancer . 
Colic . . . 
k ' bilious . 
Cholera infantum 
Dropsy 



of heart 
" " brain 
" " chest 

Disease unknown 

Dysentery 

Diarrhoea . 

Drowned . 

Delirium 

Diabetes 

Fever, unknown 1 
" intermittent 
" luno- . . 



ind 



inflammatory 
typhus 
brain . 
child -bed 
bilious 



Debility 
Frozen . 



12 
1 
3 
8 
6 
6 
7 
7 

13 

193 

1 

8 

27 

42 

10 
6 
1 
1 

12 

15 
2 

48 

3 

152 

22 
1 

15 
2 
1 

10 
1 

56 
1 

23 
9 
3 
4 
8 
2 



Gravel 


1 


Hooping-cough . 


16 


Heart, disease of 


11 


Hip complaint 


4 


Inflammation .... 


1 


. " of lungs . 


12 


" " bowels 


14 


Infantile diseases 


41 


Intemperance 


19 


Insanity 


4 


Kidney, disease of . 


1 


Liver complaint . 


17 


Measles 


13 


Mortification .... 


4 


Nervous affection 


2 


Old age 


47 


Pleurisy 


2 


Palsy 


14 


Quinsy 


4 


Rheumatism .... 


2 


Rupture 


1 


Still-born 


100 


Strangury 


1 


Scald 


3 


Scrofula 


5 


Sudden 


8 


Small-pox 


5 


Sunstiuck 


1 


Stomach, diseases of . 


2 


Suicide 


8 


Spasms 


1 


Syphilis 


1 


Tumor 


o 


Throat distemper 


1 


Teething 


12 


Ulcer 


1 


Worms 


1 




1,125 



42 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







OS 


-<# 


OS 


t> 


CM 


OS 


00 


■O 


CO 


CO 


<M 


t^ 1 


-* 


•SIBJOI 


OS 


00 


o 

i-H 


OS 


00 


CO 


© 


CM 


CM 


co 


rj< 


co 


CM 

->* 


•niog 
























' 


— ' 


OS 


>o 


1- 


1- 


o 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


OS 


r— 1 


rH 


-ims 










1— 1 














1— 1 


t^ 


a 


fa 


i— 1 


o 


i-l 


o 


o 


i— 1 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


— 


-* 






























S 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


-" 


© 


^ 


?a 


.© fc 


o 


CM 


•- 1 


1— I 


'- 


o 


o 


o 


- 1 


© 


© 


1—1 


i^> 


S© 




























^T 


s 


c 


o 


1—1 


© 


c 


o 


— ' 


o 


© 


*^ 


© 


"- 1 


d 
6 

00 

© 

00 


fa 


1—1 


-M 


-M 


© 


1-1 


CO 


— 


o 


c 


rH 


~ 


-t 


■o 


s 


I— 1 


-M 


i— 1 


1-1 


o 


1-1 


- 


© 


<TM 


© 


CN 


© 


© 


fa 


CM 


© 


CM 


— 


~" 


1— 1 


o 


1—1 


CM 


(M 


CM 


© 


CM 




s 


,— i 


r-a 


CM 


CM 


iQ 


^ 


rrl 


CM 


•* 


H 


-~ 


CM 


■* 


t- 


























CM 


d 
d 


fa 


o 


-* 


y—l 


CO 


:t 


co 


•* 


*~ 


(M 


CM 


CO 


© 


CO 
CO 


• 


CM 


CM 


© 


so 


CM 


K 


CM 


co 


^H 


CM 


rH 


iO 


C-l 


CO &, 


























CO 


d 

CO 


fa 


O 


CO 


** 


CO 


CO 


-t 


-* 


<M 


3M 


>o 


:t 


~2 


CO 

-cH 


s 


^* 


-* 


CM 


"* 


CM 


-H 


tJ( 


Ol 


CM 


co 


tj( 


© 


»o 


lO 
























— I 


■* 


d 


fa I 


© 

1— t 


CM 


CM 


co 


O 


1-1 


"* 


■* 


»o 


L^ 


1-1 


CO 


© 


. • 1 


CO 


lO 


CO 


cc 


o 


>fl 


CO 


CO 


• ~ 


co 


•o 


© 


'~ 


§ £ 
























— < 


■-Z 


d 
© 


fa 


CM 


00 


OS 


CO 


CO 


•c 


"* 


■<* 


CO 


^ 


CO 


CO 


CM. 

CO 


• 


o 


iO 


«— i 


■*• 


UO 


^H 


l^ 


C5 


© 


C5 


CO 


CO 


CO e5 


^H 




i— 1 












— ■• 






1—1 


- 
— 


• • 


00 


iO 


CO 


1—1 


>~ 


-# 


l^ 


CO 


>~ 


L^ 


>o 


© 


CO 


Uh 








T-l 
















1—1 


L^ 


s 


o 


^H 


co 


os 


,— 1 


CO 


O 


L^ 


K 


- 


-* 


CM 


00 


« 














— 








i-H 


— 


X 






-*H 


CM 


-* 


rH 


1# 


l> 


<~ 


(N 


CO 


CO 


CO 


>o 


cc 


o 


fa 


























^ 


es 






























. 


i-H 


o 


o 


CM 


1— ( 


o 


co 


i— ( 


rH 


© 


CO 


CN 


T 1 


rH 


■ 


























^^ 






CO 


I-H 


CO 


CM 


T— 1 


'O 


^ 


rH 


,— 1 


•o 


co 


l> 


OS 


d 


fa 


























co 


. 


CM 


© 


•— 1 


rH 


o 


rH 


CM 


CM 


iO 


>o 


o 


CO 


t^ 




s 


























CM 






>o 


^H 


o 


•># 


—4 


~* 


CO 


t^ 


CO 


CO 


iC 


(M 


OS 




fa 






















1—1 


i— 1 


CO 


«5 






























. 


iQ 


iO 


CO 


1— 1 


»o 


HO 


-h 


t> 


CO 


CO 


l^ 


CO 


1— 1 




s 
























1—1 


l> 






■* 


CM 


CM 


-* 


CM 


CO 


co 


co 


© 


os 


CO 


CM 


iO 




fa 
















i-H 


1— 1 






>—i 


t> 


est 






























. 


■«* 


CM 


i-H 


■* 


CM 


iQ 


O 


CT5 


CO 


o 


OS 


rH 


00 




s 
























-H 


>o 




. 


^* 


OS 


CO 


os 


CO 


en 


CO 


— 


© 


1— 1 


© 


iO 


rH 


J-l ^ 

<»o3 


fa 
















- -1 










































. 


00 


00 


00 


00 


iO 


O 


X 


co 


oo 


i-H 


OS 


os 


TO 


i">rH 


a 












i— 1 




rH 


1— 1 


1-1 




CM 


CO 






























CO 




























GO 


















— 




;_, 






i-* 




>^ 


















cu 


CU 






>-> 

oS 
3 
S3 
eS 
»-8 


s3 


V 


TZ 


>~> 


cu 




co 
bb 


g 

OJ 


33 
o 


? 










CJ 




< 


o3 


►o 


Hj 


C3 


GO 


o 
O 


6 


cu 

G 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



43 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1831 



Apoplexy . 
Asthma 
Abscess 
Accidental 
Brain, disease of 
Bowel, " 
Bleeding . 
Burns . 

Child-bed diseases 
Catarrh 
Consumption . 
Cholera infantum 

" morbus 
Convulsions 
Croup . . . 
Canker . 
Carbuncle . 
Cancer 
Colic . . . 

" bilious . 
Dropsy 

k ' of brain 
" " chest 
Diseases unknown 
" of spine 

Dysentery 
Drinking cold water 
Diarrhoea . 
Drowned . 
Delirium tremens 
Debility . . . 
Erysipelas 
Fever, unknown . 

1 ' intermittent 

" nervous . 

" lung . 

" inflammatory 

" typhus 

tw brain . 

" scarlet 

" bilious 
spotted 



Frozen 



11 

2 

4 

11 

11 

13 

5 

13 

14 

1 

203 

7 

14 

29 

53 

14 

1 

5 

1 

3 

28 

51 

4 

182 

3 

28 

1 

1 

15 

6 

20 

2 

11 

2 

2 

81 

2 

21 

18 

58 

4 

1 

1 



Fracture 1 

Hooping-cough .... 26 

Heart, diseases of . . . 8 

Hip complaint .... 2 

Inflammation 3 

" of bowels . 18 

" " lungs. . 16 

Infantile diseases . . . 56 

Intemperance 38 

Insanity 1 

Influenza 22 

Jaundice 1 

Liver complaint . . . . 11 

Measles 2 

Mortification 9 

Old age 67 

Poison 1 

Pleurisy 4 

Palsy 11 

Quinsy 5 

Rheumatism 4 

Rupture of blood-vessel . 2 

Rupture 1 

Still-born 71 

Scald 3 ( 

Scrofula 2 

Sudden 5 

Skin, disease of ... 1 

Small pox 4 

Stomach, disease of 1 

Suicide 12 

Spleen 1 

Spasms 5 

Suffocation 2 

Tumor 5 

Tic doloioux 1 

Throat distemper ... 26 

Teething 10 

Ulcers 3 

Wounds 3 

Worms 3 

Total 1,424 



44 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



•SIT2101 


-HHCMCO'O'OGOOOO'OO^fco 
i-cM-^COCOCOCMOiOOOCO-* 


co 


•moa 
-row 


r-eowt-ooi-cococococst- 


CO 


a 


fa 


OOOOt-Ht-hOt-hOOOOICO 


s 


t-hOO-hOOOOt-hOOOI-* 


81 


fa 


CMOOOOOOOOt-hO-h|CO 


S* 


OOOOOOOOOOOOIO 


80-90. 

M.IF. 


fMCMOOt-i-HO-HC-fCOO|-* 


CMOOOOt-hOOtHt-iOt-HICO 


© 


• I iO -* 1 t— »0 <—i rji i— 1 •"* i— i CM CO CO 1 O 
fa 1 1 -* 


o 


• 1 t-h ■*£ t-H t-I -<* O O CM CM CO — «D 1 iO 
SI 1 CM 


© 
d 


•1-^ CM CM CD -T CM t-I ■** t- ^ iO CO 1 I— 


•|iO t-h -* 1 O CM O CO CO CO CO CO CO I CO 

Si 1 cc 


d 
d 


■ 1 CO CO CM CM CM CM O CM -h CO >0 ■* 1 C 


J 1 IN CO 00 ~H CO ^# CO t-h CO »o O 001 — 

S 1 T-H | IQ 


d 
d 

d 
d 

CO 


,* 1 © "O -* ■* CM O i-H tJi CO GO t^ -<# | t-h 

fa 1 — 1 T-H 1 1- 


^T I I- -* t- C5 fc» >0 CM ^ Oi ** I- CO i GO 

SI -i 1 I- 


fa 


rJ5-*iQC500CO00 00COC5'O'*|0C 

1 


• lOOiOiOCMTHOOt^CMCSOCft 

^ 1 


GO 


d 

CO 

d 


. 1 CM CO O CM CO O 00 "O CO O CO O i i>- 

rv. I ,—<,—( >— i ^h i— ii— I 1 O 

*** | | T-H 


s 


iOl^00>OiOC0COCM0iC0Ol~|O 

T^ ^H 1 00 

1 


d 

o 


.• 1 iO CO "O CM *0 CM -"^ CO CO CO O CM 1 t— i 

fa I 1 >o 


• | -H f» ,-h ^ CO CO "<* CO Tj< -^ -* rl 1 T)( 

S I co 


d 


.••I'M CO -* >0 O -* •"* -H ""* t-H CM "* 1 CS 
fa | | CO 


•|t^ -^1 CO t>- -^ 00 t-h CO i— I CM O O 1 Tf 

SI 1 *o 




. 1 Oi CS t> C- O O l> 0O iO 00 CM TflCO 
rv. | .— — <M t-h 1 ^h 

| l-H 


.It— ii— it-HiOI^t— lOOt^OOOOCOCS 


CM 

T-H 


I t> i>- CO t-h CT5 CO 00 ■**> O t-h CM COI—H 

r_" i— 1 T— It— 1 T— 1 i— 1 i— 1 1 >-H 
•-H j | ^ 


• ICO IO t> OS iO CO iQ CO OS O CO OI-h 

g I t-i t-h tH 1 C5 


!5* 

S=rH 


.ICM 00 t- t~ CO CO CO CO © "■# t» CMl'O 


• icot— ico^cMcot>-T— it^-^cot^ 

§•'—' — t-H -H t-Ht-Ht-h^ 


CO 


O 


'} 
5 

D 

* 


111? i a i. 1 I 1 1 i 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



45 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1832. 



Apoplexy . 
Abscess 
Accidental 
Brain, diseases of 
Bowels, '• t- 
Bleeding . 
Burns .... 
Chicken-pox . 
Child-bed diseases 
Catarrh 
Consumption . 
Cholera infantum 
"■ morbus . 
" malignant 
Convulsions . 
Croup . . . . 
Canker .... 
Canker rash . 
Cancer .... 
Colic .... 

" bilious . 
Dropsy .... 

" of brain . 

lt of chest . 
Diseases unknown 
Dysentery . 
Diarrhea 
Dyspepsia . 
Drowned . 
Delirium tremens 
Debility 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas . 
Fever, intermittent 

" unknown . 

" nervous 

"■ lung . 

" inflammatory 

' ' typhus 

" brain . 

" scarlet 

" bilious 

" rheumatic 



Gravel 



15 

8 

12 

17 

27 
6 
8 
1 

14 

1 

246 



78 
35 
40 



1 

4 

1 

3 

38 

44 

6 

126 

21 

3 

1 

22 

10 

15 

1 

4 

1 

4 

1 

87 

1 

45 

13 

149 

1 

2 

1 



Gland, diseases of . . . 1 

Hooping cough . . . . 22 

Heart, disease of 7 

Hip, " " ... 3 

Inflammation 3 

" of bowels . 31 

" of lungs . . 19 

" of stomach . 3 

Infantile diseases ... 70 

Intemperance 44 

Influenza 24 

Jaundice 3 

Lock-jaw 1 

Liver complaint . . .9 

Lethargy 1 

Measles 70 

Mortification 9 

Old age 62 

Pleurisy 3 

Palsy 19 

Quinsy 6 

Rheumatism 1 

Still-born 86 

Scald 2 

Scurvy 1 

Scrofula 3 

Scirrhus 1 

Sudden 9 

Small-pox 1 

Suicide 8 

Spasms 6 

Spine, disease of ... 1 

Syphilis 4 

Strangulation 1 

Suffocation 2 

Throat distemper ... 50 

Tumor 2 

Teething 21 

Ulcer 2 

Uterus, disease of . . . 1 

Worms 7 

Wounds ...... 6 

Total 1,761 



ii; 



Death Returns prom 1810 to 1850. 







i- 


oo 


o 


00 


co 


— 


CO 


co 


co 


00 


C7i 


>o 


CO 


•Sl'ElOI 


i— i 


i— 1 


o 


i-H 


CJ5 


00 


O 


o 


00 


C-l 


CO 


co 


I- 

rH 


•n.iog 


CO 


rH 


1—1 


CM 


i— 1 


cc 


l-~ 


Th 


— 


co 


CO 


o 


Ol 


-IITiS 






1—1 


—"' 


rH 






i-H 








1-H 


o 


3 i u> 


O 


O 


GO 


o 


o 


r-i 


c 


o 


o 


o 


-H 


o 


^ 




























o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


^ 


- 


8| 

d 

OS 

6 
oo 


fa 


o 


o 


~ 


o 


o 


o 


o 


~ 


i-H 


o 


o 


o 


- 


s 
fa 


o 


o 


=■ 


'— 


o 


i-H 


o 


© 


~ 


o 


rH 


c 


CO 


— 


1-1 


o 


1—1 


i-H 


GM 


TH 


r-H 


eo 


o 


•- 1 


CO 

i-H 


B 


GO 


o 


o 


1— 1 


" 


o 


rt 


o 


i — 


o 


1-H 


o 


" 


s 


fa 


co 


CO 


"* 


CO 


GM 


"- 1 


i— I 


CM 


-* 


o 


-^ 


'-' 


00 
CI 


o 


S 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


co 


^H 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


1> 


























CO 


d 

6 

CO 


fa 


(M 


iO 


■>* 


CO 


-* 


o 


uo 


»o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


>o 


5 


S 


CO 


CO 


— 


'-' 


i—( 


i-H 


CM 


o 


CM 


GM 


tH 


co 


CD 
GO 


d 

CO 

d 


fa 


CO 


CO 


3 


"O 


CO 


CC 


eo 


^ 


^CH 


— ' 


= 


CO 


as 

CO 


S 


CO 


«o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


-D 


^H 


-* 


r-, 


CO 


CO 


iO 


CO 


IO 


























CO 


d 


fa 


'-' 


CO 


iO 


CO 


CM 


'- , 


1-1 


CM 


"<* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 

CO 


o 


• 


o 


GO 


CO 


■<# 


CM 


«c 


iO 


o 


o 


»c 


o 


iO 


iO 


rH &; 


i-H 
















1-H 




i-H 




1 CD 




•O 


00 


rH 


t- 


CO 


iO 


•D 


rH 


GM 


-* 


CO 


>o 


c 


^ 








-H 










i-H 




1-H 






oc 


O 


• 


- 


o 


oo 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


a 


rH 


I— 


00 


CI 


CO 


CO 




1— « 














i-H 








- 






Oi 


eo 


CD 


CO 


1— 1 


OS 


>o 


i-H 


CO 


l^ 


00 


i-H 


CD 


d 

eo 

6 


fa 




rH 




1—1 


1—1 






*""' 


i-H 






■-H 


rH 

1 — 1 


• 


co 


■<# 


Cft 


co 


co 


CO 


tH 


■-o 


C5 


CO 


"-D 


so 


l> 


CM g 




















i-H 


1— 1 


^ - 


1 - 


• 


eo 


CO 


CO 


CO 


_ 


rH 


CM 


o 


co 


o 


CO 


-f 


CD 


o 


MM 


























-- 




GM 


GO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


1— 1 


i— 1 


r- 


■* 


rH 


iO 


GO 


X 


rH 


B 


























GO 






GO 


O 


GO 


GO 


i-H 


CO 


CO 


o 


-* 


o 


i-H 


T— 1 


OC 


d 


fa 


























1— 




o 


i— ( 


O 


1-H 


i-H 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


CO 


CO 


o 


1 CO 




B 


























1 » 






1- 


CO 


CO 


mO 


CO 


CM 


** 


co 


-* 


CO 


iO 


r*- 


'- 




fa 


























M0 


est 
































co 


T-l 


1—1 


-># 


00 


I- 


I- 


^H 


uO 


CO 


CC 


o 


1 GO 




B 




1-1 












i— 1 








r— 


1* 




. 


- 


t- 


CO 


UO 


CO 


"0 


t- 


1— t 


i-H 


-* 


GO 


rH 


1 -H 




fa 
















i-H 


CO 






•— ' 


- 


est 




























1 




<M 


CO 


1—1 


o 


i-H 


CM 


-* 


o 


CO 


t^ 


l> 


GM 


I> 




S 
















i-H 


i-H 








iO 




-* 


GO 


CM 


CM 


>o 


iO 


T— 1 


rH 


co 


GM 


GO 


o 


X 


fc^ fa 


i— ( 




^ 


i— 1 






1-1 


CM 


CO 


1-1 


1-1 


—" 


rr 


































OS 


r- 1 


o 


rH 


l> 


OS 


OS 


rti 


rH 


t* 


t- 


CO 


t^ 


^rH 


B 




— ' 


1— 1 


i-H 










CO 


i-H 




1-H 


CO 
l-H 


CO 




























CO 




























00 


















5h 




%-< 






1 


^ 


>1 

l-S) 


Sh 

Cj 

Sh 
rQ 
CO 


o 
— 
c 




OS 


co 

3 

1-5 


r-5 


+2 

03 

bJD 

< 


a 

CD 

-J 

ft 

CO 


CB 

rQ 

o 
o 

O 


a 

o 


CO 

rO 

g 

co 
o 
co 

Q 





Death Returns from l<sl() to 1850. 



47 



Diseases and Causes op Death in Boston in 1833 



Hooping-cough . 

Heart diseases 

Hip, disease of . 

Inflammation of bowels 
" " lungs 

" " stomach 

" " brain 

Influenza .... 

Infantile diseases 

Intemperance 

Introsusception 

Jaundice . 

Kidney, disease of 

Liver complaint 

Leprosy 

Marasmus 

Measles 

Mortification 

Old age 

Pleurisy 

Palsy \ . 

Quinsy . 

Rheumatism 

Rickets 

Still-born . 

Salt-rheum 

Scald . . 

Scrofula 

Scirrhous . 

Sudden . 

Spasms . 

Spine . 

Suicide . 

Suffocation 

Stomach, disease 

Throat, distemper 
" putrid so 

Teething . 

Tumor . 

White swelling 

Worms 

Wounds 



Apoplexy . 






19 


Accidental 






18 


Abscess 






4 


Asthma 






3 


Brain, diseases of 






4 


Bleeding at lungs 






3 


Bowels, diseases of 






4 


Burns .... 






10 


Bursting blood- vess< 


1 




3 


Child-bed diseases 






17 


Cholera infantum 






14 


" morbus . 






5 


Convulsions . 






36 


Consumption . 






240 


Croup .... 






43 


Canker .... 






13 


" in bowels 






11 


Cancer .... 






11 


Canker rash . 






3 


Colic .... 






1 


" bilious . 






3 


Debility . . . 






12 


Dropsy 






24 


" of brain . 






52 


" of chest . 






7 


Diarrhea 






3 


Dysentery . 






38 


Drowned . 






10 


Disease unknown 






. 85 


Delirium tremens 






•"> 


Erysipelas 






3 


Epilepsy . 






1 


Fever, unknown . 






. 11 


" nervous . 






4 


" lung 






. 59 


" slow 






4 


" typhus 






. 62 


" brain . 






7 


" scarlet 






. 61 


' ' bilious 






5 


'• rheumatic 






. 3 


" worm . 






. 3 


Fracture . 






2 


Gout .... 






1 



of 



28 

13 
1 

23 

18 
1 

11 
1 

00 

40 
1 
5 
1 

12 
1 
2 
2 
4 

57 
8 

12 
2 
1 
1 

02 
1 
1 
4 
1 
5 
3 
4 

14 
2 
2 

23 
3 

30 
2 
4 
4 
1 



Total 1,476 



48 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



•SIB101 




CO 
— 


>c 


co 


CO 

o 


-M 

o 




co 


CO 


■>* 


CM 


CO 


1—1 


•ujog 

-UPS 


o 


I> 


t^ 


o 

I— 1 


1—1 


CO 


<M 

T— 1 


CO 


I— t 

I— 1 


CO 


O 

i— ( 


tt 


- 

— 


P 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


T— 1 


o 


1— 1 


o 


o 


° 


(N 


S 


-- 


T— I 


T— 1 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CM 


fH 


CO 


CM 


2 


§1 


fa- 


° 


o 


o 


o 


o 


- 


o 


o 


1-1 


1—1 


o 


91 


"* 


s' 


~ 


r 


o 


c 


- 


o 


c 


= 


o 


o 


CT 


o 


■" 


d 


fa 


CO 


o 


— ' 


1—1 


(N 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


i— i 


CM 


12 


6 

00 


S 


- 


1 — ' 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


— ■ 


■""' 


— 


i—l 


CO 


a> 


© 

00 


fa" 


* 


CM 


<N 


o 


•M 


o 


l-H 


■<* 


1—1 


CO 


>o 


CO 


CO 


o 


fa* 


CO 


o 


i— i 


T— ( 


^ 


o 


-M 


l-H 


*" H 


1-1 


<M 


CO 


s 


d 


7-1 


o 


CO 


CM 


CO 


T— 1 


"* 


T* 


<N 


i—l 


(N 


IS 


o 

CO 


|CO 


CO 


CO 


T-l 


gm 


:n 


-M 


<M 


CN 


i—l 


•^ 


7-1 


1 £ 


d 

CD 


fa 


CO 


1— 1 


*- 


<M 


CO 


cm 


*0 


■^ 


<N 


<N 


UO 


CO 


1 - 


O 
«9 


s 


l K 


"O 


Tl 


CO 


»o 


^ 


CO 


"* 


CO 


<N 


CO 


»o 


1 5 


d 


fa 


1" 


■* 


CD 


■* 


o 


(M 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


1 ^ 



o 



a I ■- 



X I iC 



O iO 

l-H lO 






fa 



*-. a 



CO I iC 

C5 



so 

(3D 








a 

as 



^ 2 *? 
fc S <l 



<3 cc 



^2 3 

^ S a 

o S « 

O O O) 

O £ Q 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



4 l J 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1834. 



,'essel 



Accidental 
Abscess 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma 
Burns . 
Bursting blood v 
Bowel complaint 
Bleeding at lungs 
Croup .... 
Consumption . 
Cancer .... 
Canker .... 
Canker in bowels 
Convulsions . 
Child- bed disease 
Cholera morbus . 
Cholera infantum 
Cramp in stomach 
Colic .... 
Catarrh . . . 
Chronic inflammation 
Diseases unknown 
Diabetes . 
Diseases of the bone 

" " heart 

" k ' kidney 
Diarrhea 
Dropsy . 

" of brain 

" kt heart 
Decline 



Drowned . 
Debility . . 
Dysentery . 
Dyspepsia . 
Disease of spine 
" •• brain 
Dropsy in chest 
Disease of lungs 
Delirium tremens 
Drinking cold water 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas . 
Frozen .... 
Fever .... 

" scarlet . 

'■ brain 

" bilious . 

" inflammatory 
lung 

" pleurisy 



22 

4 

9 

1 

5 

3 

8 

1 

43 

246 

15 

10 

10 

47 

14 

9 

21 

1 

1 

1 

1 

105 

1 

1 

20 

1 

8 

27 

53 

2 

6 

25 

13 

40 

2 

2 

8 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

12 

1 

4 

28 

9 

2 

3 

63 

11 



Fever putrid . 

" rheumatic . 

" slow . 

" typhus 

" nervous 

Gangrene 

Gravel 

Gout 

Hooping cough . 

Hip disease .... 

Influenza 

Infantile diseases 
Intemperance 

Insane . 

Inflammation of lungs . 
" "■ bowels 

" " brain . 

" kt bladder 

Jaundice 

Liver complaint . 

Lock jaw 

Marasmus 

Measles 

Mortification .... 
Malignant sore throat . 

Murdered 

Old age 

Palsy 

Poison 



Quinsy 

Rupture of gall bladder 

Rash 

Rickets 

Still born 

Sudden 

Suicide 

Small- pox 

Spasms 

Scrofula 

Stricture of aesophagus 
Strangulated . . . . 

Syphilis 

Scurvy 

Teething 

Throat distemper 

Tumor 

Ulcer 

Worms 



o 

2 

54 

3 

2 

1 

1 

38 

1 

4 

95 

39 

1 

27 

38 

10 

1 

2 

7 

1 

4 

1 

7 

1 

1 

54 

13 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

14 

4 

11 

4 

2 

7 

1 

1 

3 

1 

36 

10 

2 

1 
5 



Total 1,554 



50 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







t> 


O 


^* 


<N 


, 


CO 


CM 


"tf 


»c 


CM 


— 


x 1 


tH 


•SIT3J01 




(N 


CM 






o 


cm 


CM 

CM 


cs 


CM 


CM 


x 1 

~ 1 


os 
1— 1 


•uiog 


00 


CO 


CO 


■^ 


CO 


X 


co 


CO 


o 


OS 


OS 


r 


iO 


-ims 
















1-1 


1— 1 






i— i 


os 


a 


fa* | 


O 


o 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


<M 


o 


o 


o 


° 1 


"* 


-a 






























• 1 


o 


,_l 


CM 


O 


o 


o 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


1— 1 


° 1 


co 


& 
























1 




. 


fa | 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


'- 1 


!-H 


o 


° 1 


CM 


o 
o 

■I-H 






























s 1 


^ 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


c 


rH 


o 


o 


o 


rt 1 


CO 


o" 

09 

6 

oo 


fa* | 


-* 


(M 


CM 


o 


co 


CO 


- ■ 


o 


1-1 


o 


I— 1 


- 1 


■M 


s 1 


CO 


CO 


o 


o 


^H 


CM 


CM 


1— I 


o 


o 


—" 


- 1 


— H 


6 

00 

6 


fa 1 


"* 


** 


CM 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


cm 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM | 


o 

CO 


s 1 


i— 1 


in 


-.'. 


o 


1— 1 


1—1 


CM 


CM 


CO 


i—l 


CM 


CM 


o 

CM 


© 


fa 1 


CO 


^ 


>- 


o 


iO 


CM 


>C 


CO 


■^ 


co 


CM 


-* 


CO 


• 1 


CM 


o 


o 


t> 


CM 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CM 


:t 


CO 


co S 


























CO 


d 

CD 


fa 1 


CO 


!— 1 


«o 


co 


t^ 


^ 


CO 


CO 


»o 


rH 


CO 


lC 


os 

— 




'. 1 


I— 1 


o 


CO 


iO 


OS 


cm 


o 


iO 


l^ 


o 


1—1 


co 


os 


io S 














1—1 












iO 


d 


fa 1 


«o 


o 


CO 


■>* 


■^ 


** 


CM 


-* 


o 


00 


os 


CO 


1- 


o 


s 


1* 


t> 


co 


00 


L^ 


>o 


os 


t^ 


0C 


CO 


CM 


CM 


l^- 


• 


CD 


t>- 


CO 


o 


OS 


CO 


CO 


CM 


00 


'- 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 
. ^ 

d 

eo 


u* 






















— 




t^ 


. 


OS 


,__, 


CO 


CO 


iO 


os 


o 


■* 


00 


CO 


' CO 


00 


os 


S 




1-1 


1-1 








»— 1 


i— 1 




1—1 


*— ' 




— 




fa* 


CO 


OS 


"* 


■* 


OS 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


1—1 


iO 


OS 


CO 


o 
eo 














1— I 


1— 1 




1—1 


1— 1 




os 


. 


CO 


-tf 


© 


r^ 


o 


•* 


o 


iO 


t- 


>o 


o 


r- 


CM 


« 


s 






I— 1 






^ 




^H 


1—1 


^^ 


1— ( 




1— 1 
1—1 


• 


iO 


>o 


>o 


CM 


CO 


iO 


CO 


CO 


00 


CM 


iO 


H 


CO 


o 


» 


























IO 


d 

1-1 


S 


o 


CO 


o 


CO 


(M 


o 


■^ 


CO 


»o 


iO 


CO 


co 


CO 






c<j 


o 


CM 


CM 


1— ( 


cm 


1— 1 


"M 


o 


iO 


iO 


-* 


--T 


d 

i-i 


fa 


























CM 


, 


CO 


i— 1 


CO 


i—l 


o 


— 


-<cH 


-CH 


CO 


t^ 


OS 


OS 


>o 




s 


























"* 






CO 


CO 


CO 


C~ 


1— 1 


o 


tJ* 


OS 


»o 


t^ 


CO 


o 


CO 




fa 


















^^ 


1—1 


CM 


' —l 


o 


US 






























, 


T— ( 


OS 


CM 


OS 


"O 


cm 


00 


os 


CM 


1— 1 


-* 


00 


o 


s 
















""* 


^ 


CM 


CM 


rt 


CO 




. 


iO 


CO 


o 


>o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


os 


■^ 


i—l 


m 


CM 


r— 1 




fa 
















•— > 


CM 


CM 


<M 


1—1 


CO 


CM 




























—" 


. 


00 


00 


s. 


>o 


T* 


-* 


■* 


»o 


CO 


i— 1 


O 


>o 


o 




a 
















^ 


CM 


rM 


CM 


^^ 


■^ 




r> 


o 


1—1 


00 


CM 


CO 


t^ 


t> 


CM 


Tf 


CM 


1—1 


■>* 




fa 




T— 1 


— 










CM 


CM 


1-1 


CM 


1-1 


tJH 


t3 o> 
































t> 


CM 


o 


CO 


ri 


OS 


1— 1 


«0 


"* 


CO 


OS 


CM 


OS 
















1—1 


CM 


-M 


CM 


1-1 


CM 


os 


ui 




























CO 




























GO 


















^H 




— 


. 




»■ 


H 


d 

a 

S3 

1-5 


o3 

3 

S-c 

X> 

CD 


a 
S3 


< 


8 


CD 

1-3 


>> 
"3 


-4-3 
CO 

d 
be 

d 


a 

CP 
HI 

CA3 


X2 

o 
o 

O 


s 

cu 
O 


S 
CU 

o 

cu 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



51 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1835. 

Hip, disease of ... 3 

Hanged 7 

Insanity ...... 10 

111 

2 

2 

30 

2 

37 

1 

23 

1 

1 

31 





25 




19 




9 


Bowels, diseases of . 


32 


Bursting blood vessel . 


8 




208 




9 




11 




32 


Child-bed diseases . . . 


29 


Cholera morbus . 


9 


lk infantum 


21 








1 


Diseases unknown . 


88 


" of brain 


7 


" of heart 


6 


Drinking cold water 


1 




38 


" of brain . 


. 48 


" " chest . . . 


1 




45 




16 


Debility 


99 


Delirium tremens 


4 




. 3 


Disease of glands . . 


1 


" " spine 


1 




9 




2 


Fevers, unknown 


. 5 


' ' intermittent 


4 


" bilious . 


. 18 


" brain 


. 23 


" scarlet . 


. 46 


" typhus . 


. 73 


" inflammatory . 


2 




, 141 


" nervous . 


. 3 




1 


Hooping cough . 


. 44 



Infantile diseases 

Influenza 

Inflammation, general . 
" of bowels 

" " bladder 

Intemperance .... 

Jaundice 

Liver, disease of 

Lethargy 

Lock jaw 

Marasmus 

Mortification 10 

Measles 188 

Old age 72 

Pleurisy 13 

Poison 1 

Palsy 19 

Quinsy 6 

Rheumatism 4 

Rickets 1 

Ring worm 3 

Still born 95 

Scurvy 2 

Suicide 9 

Scrofula 12 

Sudden 12 

Spasms 6 

Syphilis 2 

Scald 2 

Small-pox 6 

Throat distemper ... 25 

Tumor 7 

Teething 24 

Ulcers 9 

Ulcerated sore throat . . 2 

Worms 6 

Total 1,914 



52 



Death Returns feom 1810 to 1850. 







1 eo 


00 


f— 1 


eo 


t^ 


eo 


»o 


"* 


eo 


,-H 


00 


cc 


1 ° 


•srsioi 


1 «o 
1- 


GM 


"* 




cs 


eo 




eo 




o 


•* 


eo 




•niog 


1 *° 


iO 


1—1 


Ci 


eo 


o 


OS 


-* 


i— i 


eo 


00 


CO 


1 ™ 




























1 GM 


-iws 


1 


























pi 


fa 


1 ° 


o 


GM 


C 


o 


o 


O 


~ 


o 


— 


o 


o 


1^ 




s 


1 ° 


o 


o 


C 


o 


GM 


o 


O 


o 


O 


o 


o 


1 GM 


8)H 


fa 


1 ° 


o 


o 


rr 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


C' 


1— 1 


I GM 


S 


1 ' — ' 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


rH 


o 


o 


o 


- 1 


o 


1 '" 


. 






,_ 


,_, 


© 


,— 1 


o 


o 


CN 


T- 


GM 


CO 


1 "* 


O 


u. 


























1 i-i 


6 

00 


S 


1 r ~ l 


o 


'-' 


1-1 


r 


GM 


rt 


o 


*"" 


^* 


*" ' 


GM 


in 




• 


1 ^ 


■* 


eo 


GM 


CO 


■«# 


GM 


CO 


r— 


co 


CO 


' »C5 


I °° 


© 


fa 


1 *"" ' 


i-H 


~~eo — 




















1 CO 


© 


CO 


- 1 


o 


o 


CO 


o 


"M 


f— 1 


■* 


1 ^ 
1 GM 


. 


1 CO 


-* 


GM 


CO 


GM 


(N 


,_| 


<M 


co 


GM 


■* 


i—l 


1 ° 


o 


UK 


























1 GM 


6 

CO 


S 


1 ^ 


CO 


•C 


iQ 


GM 


CO 


^ 


GN 


o 


GM 


o 


"* 


1 ~?> 

1 -'. 


© 


fa 


1 eo 


^ 


"* 


"tf 


GM 


»o 


1-1 


^ 


CO 


O 


eo 


eo 


15 


6 

ITS 


s 


l eo 


CO 


>o 


i— i 


GM 


"* 


^ 


»o 


o 


00 


00 


00 


15 


© 


fa 


1 CM 


o 


t> 


GM 


eo 


CM 


CO 


^ 


eo 


OZ 


■* 


eo 


1 CO 

1 o 


d 


• 


1 ^ 


oo 


•o 


CO 


»o 


t- 


»a 


00 


t> 


CO 


o 


iC 


I GM 


fes 




















1— 1 


"" 




1 00 


i • 




OS 


c» 


no 


■«* 


I> 


no 


eo 


CO 


GM 


o 


b- 


1 "^ 


T 

d 
eo 


u- 


1 '- • 


















^ H 


1—1 




1 00 


s 


I gm 


■^1 


OS 


uO 


eo 


00 


1—1 


id 


00 


^ 


*o 


eo 


1 s 




1 ° 


eo 


00 


o 


00 


T— | 


Oi 


C5 


o 


>o 


cc 


L~- 


i c» 


d 


fa 








rt 




r_l 






rt 


"^ 




7—1 


1 — 




































1 °* 


eo 


t- 


o 


c^ 


iO 


00 


^t< 


l>- 


"0 


~ 


00 


1 l~ 


« 


s 








rt 




1-1 














1 


d 

CQ 


fa 


eo 


eo 


T— 1 


iO 


GM 


" 


GM 


^ 


o 


** 


kO 


b- 


1 iO 

1 ■* 


o 

I-H 


S 


1 "° 


^ 


^ 


co 


GM 


CO 


o 


^* 


GM 


-* 


CM 


GM 


1 ^ 

1 CO 


d 


fa 


"* 


"— ' 


1—1 


" —l 


GM 


GM 


CO 


1—1 


CM 


CO 


T 


T 


1 ^ 

1 GM 

1 


s 


1 eo 


CO 


1-1 


eo 


C 


00 


CO 


<N 


co 


CO 


1—1 


UO 


1 ^ 
1 CO 

1 




fa 


1 o 

1— 1 


t- 


00 


o 


00 


eo 


CO 


O 


iO 


b- 


-* 


CO 


CO 

eo 


s 


© 


o» 


eo 


Tfl 


CO 


O 


uO 


(M 


^* 


t> 


I> 


i-H 


IS 
1 




"* 


o 


*_, 


r-4 


CO 


»o 


id 


CM 


CM 


rf 


o 


»o 


eo 


i-H 


fa 






'~ H 










1-1 


GM 


T ~ { 






O 


s 


CO 


CO 


eo 


GM 


eo 


GM 


■* 


- 




eo 


o 


c- 


*<* 

OS 






o 


t ^. 


CO 


CJS 


i— i 


00 


GM 


i—l 


T* 


i— i 


^^ 


1—1 


co 




fa 


GM 








1-1 




, ~ l 


CO 


CO 


GM 


^^ 


*"* 


00 

rH 

C72 


. 


CO 


rH 


gm 


o 


C5 


— 


35 


o 


o 


C5 


X 


t- 


*r* 


■ 


~ 


1-1 


•~ 


1-1 




1-1 




GN 


eo 


*"* 






00 


CO 




























90 




























GO 


















t-i 




^. 


•^ 




^ 


( 


03 

c3 


>-> 

S3 


© 

S3 


^ 




03 


1-5 


00 

be 

3 


^2 

CO 


01 

o 
o 

O 


ca 

CO 

o 


X2 

s 

a; 
o 
a> 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



53 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1836. 



Apoplexy . 

Accidental 

Aneurism of Aorta 

Amputation 

Abscess 

Asthma 

Blood, disease of 

Bleeding at lungs 

Burns .... 

Brain, diseases of 

Chicken-pox . 

Consumption . 

Child- bed . . . 

Convulsions . 

Croup .... 

Cancer .... 

Canker .... 
kt rash . 

Cholera morbus . 
" infantum 

Dropsy 

" of brain . 

Delirium tremens 

Debility . . . 

Drowned . 

Decline 

Dropsy in chest . 
'• " heart . 

Diarrhea . 

Dysentery . 

Dyspepsia . 

Diabetes 

Erysipelas . 

Fevers, unknown 
nervous . 
' ' intermitted 
" inflammatory 
1 ' rheumatic 
" lung . . 
" bilious 
{ ; scarlet . 
" typhus 
" brain . 

Fracture of skull 

Gravel .... 

Glands, disease of 

Gout .... 

Hooping cough . 

Heart disease . 

Hanged 



19 
31 

1 

1 

3 

4 

11 

3 

8 

11 

1 

233 

23 

42 

28 

6 



i 

23 

35 

68 

5 

11 

17 

12 

6 

9 

6 

32 



3 

1 

3 

6 

3 

2 

1 

7 

81 

7 

16 

47 

17 

1 

2 

1 

1 

17 

13 

2 



Hives 3 

Hip, disease of ... I 

Infantile diseases . . .176 

Insanity 4 

Intemperance 41 

Inflammation .... 



of lungs . 
" bowels 
lt throat . 
' ' brain . 
" bladder 



1 

18 

3-i 

1 

5 
1 
2 
1 
1 
13 



Influenza 

Jaundice 

Kidney, disease of . 
Liver " « . . 

Lock jaw 2 

Measles 31 

Murdered 3 

Marasmus 11 



Mortification 
Old age 
Pleurisv 
Palsy . . 
Piles . . 



. . 6 

. . 82 

. . 14 

. . 11 

. . 1 

Quinsy 5 

Rash 1 

Rupture of vessel ... 1 

Scald 2 

Spasms 8 

Spine, disease of 4 

Still born 122 

Scrofula 9 

Sudden 12 

Suicide 13 

Small pox 5 

Stricture 1 

Stone 1 

Suffocation 2 

Stomach, disease of . . 3 

Teething 45 

. . 1 

. . 11 

. . 1 

. . 1 

. . 85 

. . 7 

. . 1 

. . 1 



Tumor .... 
Throat distemper 
Uterus, disease of 
Ulcer .... 
Unknown diseases 
Worms .... 
Wounds 
White swelling . 



Total 1,770 



54 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







eo 


"># 


_ 


Tt* 


t^ 


_ 


CO 


"* 


eo 


— . 


OS 


o 


CO 


•SI13J0X 


CD 


CO 


*<* 


>o 


"# 


CO 


-T 1 


o 


C5 


■^r 


i« 


■«* 


00 


« I ^ 


O 


o 


o 


CO 


o 


O 


i-H 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


UO 


M . 




























« 1 M 


i— i 


<M 


o 


O 


GO 


o 


i—l 


o 


o 


1—1 


o 


1— 1 


00 


fc» i s 




























•tuog 


o 


co 


00 


■«# 


CO 


CO 


-# 


>o 


1— ( 


^ 


o 


00 


o 












1— I 






^H 


1— I 


^H 




o 


-mis 


























1—1 




fa 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


o 


1-1 


o 


1— 1 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


C35 


s 


O 


-H 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


1— 1 


d 
© 

00 


fa 


CO 


o 


CO 


■- 1 


"* 


GO 


1—1 


H 


1—1 


o 


CO 


CO 


00 

i-H 


s 


y-i 


1—1 


CO 


1—1 


1— I 


CO 


1—1 


rH 


o 


i-H 


o 


1— 1 


CO 

1—1 


d 

00 

d 


fa 


00 


1—1 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


eo 


S 


«* 


o 


■^ 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


i-H 


o 


CO 


i-H 


■- 1 


CO 


CO 

CO 


d 


fa 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


o 


rh 


CO 


CO 


^ 


■* 


iO 


• 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


CO 


CO 


30 


00 


-# 


CO 


UO 


CO 


eo 


§ s 


























eo 


d 

CO 

o 


fa 


■<* 


OS 


1—1 


^* 


K0 


■^ 


TO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


s 


CO 


KO 


CO 


co 


00 


»o 


CO 


CO 


t> 


CO 


CO 


co 


"0 


d 

«9 


. 


00 


t- 


OS 


OS 


o 


~* 


-"CH 


t>. 


CO 


CO 


■* 


CO 


o 


fa 


























CO 


• 


35 


co 


i—l 


t» 


«o 


K3 


><0 


eo 


NO 


CO 


t>- 


CO 


1—1 


Tj< S 






i— I 


















i-H 


00 


1 


co 


I> 


o 


T* 


«o 


t~ 


t^ 


CO 


OS 


co 


00 


i-H 


t- 


d fa 
















1—1 








* 


co 


■<* 
































. 


00 


00 


o 


C~ 


OS 


00 


O 


1— I 


00 


00 


l>1 


t> 


— H 


°> S 






— H 








i—i 


i-H 










o 

1-1 






1- 


Oi 


00 


1— 1 


CO 


00 


o 


OS 


CO 


o 


■5T 


L^ 


X 


o 
eo 
i 


fa 








1-1 


"- 1 




1-1 






""' 


1—1 




1—1 

T— 1 


. 


co 


t^ 


iO 


00 


00 


,— | 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


c^ 


CO 


00 


09 


s 












1—1 


1—1 


^H 


1—1 






1-1 


o 

1—1 


d 
°? 


fa 


"* 


CO 


TjH 


■* 


00 


CO 


iO 


00 


1—1 


X) 


CJS 


o 


3 


r 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


eo 


co 


eo 


eo 


s 


























eo 




fa- 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


i—l 


co 


o 


eo 


1—1 


»o 


1—1 


-<* 


o 
i-i 


























CO 


s' 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


CO 


-* 


■<* 


CO 


"* 


T* 


^ 


1—1 


3 




. 


00 


i—i 


co 


«o 


CO 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


C5 


00 


o 


^ 


. 


fa 




^H 






i—i 
















00 


CQ 






























, 


00 


o 


CO 


00 


CO 


eo 


iO 


00 


1—1 


o 


o 


CO 


OS 




s 


















1— 1 


1— 1 






t~ 






00 


00 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


00 


o 


-* 


OS 


T— 1 


OS 


CO 




fa 
















CO 


1— I 




1-1 




o 
































i-H 


s 


t- 


"* 


co 


CO 

i— 1 


50 


CO 


u0 


I— 1 


00 

1— 1 


t^ 


00 


OJ 


00 




1— < 


CO 


co 


CO 


00 


CM 


CO 


en 


1— i 


CO 


o 


00 


TT 




fa 


^H 


■"* 


'"" , 


T—i 




i-H 


rH 


CO 


CO 


^H 


T—( 




CO 


a >> 




00 


eo 


■«* 


t~- 


C5 


fr- 


o 


o 


CO 


1— 1 


o 


eo 


^H 
















so 


CO 


CO 


1-1 


1-1 


1-1 


OS 

1 


t^ 




























CO 




























00 


















Sh 




i_ 


^ 




T— 1 




>> 














^a 




cu 


V 






>> 
















^, 


^2 


^J 








e3 

a 

03 

1-5 


si 


Xi 

p 

(=5 


<j 




a 


J2> 


CO 

bD 

s 

< 


2 

s 


o 
o 

o 


g 

> 
o 


a 

o 







Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



55 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1837. 



Accidental 
Abscess 

" in brain . 
" " pleura 
" " lumbar 
Aneurism . 
Angina pectoris 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma 

Braiu, diseases of 
Burns . 
Cachexy 
Cancer . 
Catarrh 
Child-bed . . 
Cholera 

" infantum 
Colic 

Consumption . 
Convulsions . 
Croup . 

Delirium tremens 
Diabetes . 
Diarrhea . 
Diseases unknown 
Dropsy . 

l * in head 
" " chest 
" " abdomen 
Drowned . 
Dysentery . 

" acute 
Dyspepsy . . 
Erysipelas . 
Feebleness at birth 
Fever, intermittent 
" inflammatory 
" typhus 
' ' gastric 
" puerperal 
Gangrene . 
Haemorrhage . 

" from lungs 
" " uterus 
Heart, diseases of 
Hernia 



13 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

31 

2 

15 

12 

15 

14 

1 

18 

10 

70 

10 

212 

52 

44 

11 

2 

11 

269 

42 

59 

9 

2 

23 

33 

1 

1 

6 

1 

3 

31 

62 

3 

I 

11 

3 

3 

1 

24 

1 



Hooping cough . 

Infantile diseases 

Inflammation . • 

" of brain . 

" tk heart . 

" " pericardii! r 

" " larynx . 

" " lungs . 

" " pleura . 

•' " peritonium 

'* " stomach 

" " bowels 

" " liver 

" " kidney 

" kt bladder 

" " uterus 

Influenza . 

Intoxication . 

Jaundice . 

Marasmus . 

Neuralgia . 

Old age 

Palsy . . . 

Rheumatism . 

Scarletina . 

Scirrhous of the stomach 

Measles 

Scrofula 

Small pox . 

Sore throat 
' ' ulcerated 

Spine, disease of 

Still born . . 

Suicide . . . 

Syphilis 

Teething . . 

Tumor of brain 
"■ " glands 
" " ovarium 
" " lungs . 

Ulcer .... 

Uterus, rupture of 

Worms .... 

Wounds 



19 

59 

4 

23 

2 

2 

3 

114 

18 

1 

4 

41 

8 

1 

1 

2 

15 

17 

1 

17 

4 

69 

13 

3 

39 

1 

23 

13 

13 

10 

1 

9 

100 

10 

4 

22 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

4 

1 



Total 1,843 



56 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 































* 




i— i 


iO 


CD 


CO 


GO 


>o 


as 


CO 


l-H 


o 


o 


as 


■># 


•sitJjox 


** 


l> 


lO 


CD 


CO 


CM 


■<# 


o 


as 


GO 


^* 


o 


as 


•uiog 


** 


GM 


O 


CD 


o 


CO 


as 


o 


iO 


GM 


CO 


l> 


y-( 


-ims 


1-1 


i— I 


i—i 


1-1 


1— 1 






^ - 




rt 






GM 


a 


fa 


o 


rH 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


GM 


o 


rH 


l-H 


o 


UO 
































S 


1-1 


o 


o 


rt 


o 


o 


7-1 


i—i 


^ 


l-H 


GM 


o 


X 


§i 


fa 


CM 


o 


1— 1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


l-H 


O 


- 1 


o 


iO 


s 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


o 


© 

OS 

6 

00 


fa 


rH 


<M 


o 


o 


"-< 


o 


rH 


o 


rH 


GM 


o 


CM 


t- 


s 


i— I 


co 


"- 1 


o 


l -1 


o 


o 


~ 


o 


O 


1-1 


" 


cs 


d 

00 

d 


fa 


CO 


CO 


CO 


GM 


CO 


CM 


rjH 


rH 


CO 


i—{ 


lO 


iO 


CO 
CO 


• 


<N 


© 


rn 


rH 


CO 


CD 


rH 


CM 


_H 


GM 


tH 


o 


co 


t- 


























GM 


© 
d 


fa 


—' 


1—1 


CO 


co 


CM 


CO 


lO 


rH 


CM 


no 


iT5 


o 


-M 


• 


(M 


CO 


CO 


co 


CM 


rH 


rH 


CO 


»o 


GM 


rH 


CO 


t^ 


CO S= 


























CO 


d 

CD 

d 


fa 


rH 


iO 


CO 


CO 


GM 


rH 


CO 


CO 


CM 


O 


CD 


CO 


O 
rH 


s 


CO 


>£S 


rH 


c^ 


rH 


rn 


CM 


rH 


CD 


rH 


co 


CO 


rH 


>o 


























iO 


d 


fa 


T— ( 


C~ 


rH 


iO 


co 


~ 


rH 


CO 


as 


CO 


CO 


CO 


as 

rH 


• 


CO 


o 


*o 


kO 


iO 


rH 


CO 


CO 


o 


t» 


OS 


co 


CO 


^ 


fe 1 


















l-H 








CD 


d 


fa 


CO 


o 


rH 


CO 


GO 


rH 


l-H 


co 


r* 


o 


r-- 


l-H 


i— i 






1—1 


I-H 






i— 1 






1— ■ 




i-H 


as 


• 


CO 


CO 


OS 


o 


CO 


1— 1 




l-H 


** 


CO 


CO 


t>. 


CM 


CO S 












i-H 


as 


l-H 




l-H 






as 




as 


o 


OS 


o 


1—1 


CO 


as 


CO 


l> 


i-H 


co 


CO 


rH 


o 


fa 




I—I 




1—1 


i-H 






l-H 




l-H 




i-H 


l-H 


CO 

d 




























*"H 




o 


c~ 


o 


iO 


rt< 


l^ 


CO 


as 


as 


rH 


CO 


l-H 


GM 


« 


s 


i— i 




1—1 




1—1 














1—1 


O 
i-H 






CO 


i-H 


o> 


CM 


o 


CO 


uO 


GM 


CO 


"* 


CO 


** 


o 


fa 




I— 1 






1— 1 
















'O 


09 
































(N 


CM 


I— ( 


rH 


o 


o 


CO 


GM 


CO 


l-H 


CO 


CO 


■<* 


t-4 


s 


























GM 


d 

1 


fa 


CM 


CO 


GM 


CM 


CO 


■""' 


o 


GM 


CO 


uO 


CO 


GM 


CO 
GM 


S 


rH 


rH 


rH 


rH 


CM 


CO 


CO 


rH 


rH 


1-1 


"# 


CO 


O 

rH 






*C 


o 


^H 


GO 


o 


co 


i-H 


t> 


CD 


o 


"* 


o 


GO 




fa 






1— 1 




1—1 




l-H 






^H 




I -1 


OS 


ua 
est 
































O 


as 


1— 1 


CO 


t^ 


o 


as 


CO 


kO 


GO 


l> 


■^ 


GM 




s 


i— 1 




1— 1 






1—1 




^ 








"^ 


r^ 




o 


GM 


o 


as 


1—1 


L^ 


as 


»o 


*o 


tJ< 


o 


OS 


rH 


ei 


fa 


1—1 


rt 


'-' 










*"' 


GM 


y^ 


^ 




CO 

i-H 






■<* 


rn 


CO 


l> 


o 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


co 


KO 




3 


1— 1 


'""' 






1— I 






l-H 


""" 


GM 






CM 






GM 


CO 


I> 


CO 


CO 


1— ( 


GM 


CM 


GM 


^* 


t^ 


a: 


CO 


»(3 


fa 


i— I 


1—1 




1— 1 




1— 1 


'-' 


CM 


GM 


^ 






o 
































fl!>> 


. 


rn 


»o 


iO 


o 


rH 


CO 


•o 


as 


O 


!>• 


GM 


rH 


GM 


t^rH 


S 


<— i 


CM 


* H 


CM 


'- , 


1—1 


rH 


co 


CO 


^ 


GM 


1—i 


CO 
GM 


QO 




























CO 




























at 
r» 




D 
P 

t-8 


03 


-a 
o 

FH 

oS 


< 




•-5 


3 


+3 
CO 

be 

■3 


CD 

rO 

a 

CD 

+3 

o 
CD 


U 

CD 

r= 

o 
o 

O 


3 
o 


CD 

rO 

g 

CD 
O 
CD 

P 





^ ! 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



57 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1838. 



Accidental 
Abscess . . 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma 

Brain, diseases of 
Burns .... 
Cachexy . 
Cancer .... 

" of uterus . 

" " breast . 
Catarrh 

Child-bed . . . 
Cholera morbus . 
Cholera infantum 
Colic .... 
Consumption . 
Convulsions . 
Croup .... 
Delirium tremens 
Diabetes . 
Diseases unknown 
Drowned . 
Drinking cold water 
Dropsy 

" of head . 

" " heart . 



" " chest . 

" " abdomen 

" " ovarium 
Dysentery . 
Erysipelas 
Epilepsy . 
Feebleness at birth 
Fevers, unknown 

" inflamitary 

" typhus 

1 ' gastric . 

" puerperal 
Fracture ... 
Gangrene . 
Gout .... 
Haemorrhage . 

" of stomach 

" '• lungs 

" " uterus 

Heart, diseases of . 



16 

5 

19 

2 

20 

19 

10 

7 

3 

1 

1 

19 

9 

52 

2 

256 

60 

44 

10 

1 

182 

19 

3 

22 

67 

5 

5 

2 

1 

65 

17 

2 

5 

3 

1 

42 

6 

8 

1 

3 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

23 



Hernia 








3 


Hip, disease of 






. 5 


Hooping cough 






28 


Infantile diseases 






. 112 


Inflammation . 






. 28 


" of 


brain . 


25 


U U 


pericar- 






dium 


3 


" " larynx 


1 


" " lungs . 


. 113 


" 1 


oleura 


10 


" ^ 


stomach 


4 


" " bowels 


. 54 


" 1 


iver . 


5 


" " bladder 


1 


Influenza . 




2 


Intoxication 








. 24 


Introsusceptio 


i] 






1 


Jaundice . 








4 


Lightning . 








1 


Marasmus 








. 44 


Malformation 








1 


Measles 








20 


Old age 








. 65 


Poison . 








4 


Palsy . . 








7 


Rheumatism 








6 


Scarletina . 








91 


Scirrhus 








5 


Scald . 








1 


Scrofula 








5 


Small-pox . 








3 


Sore throat 








15 


Spine disease 








3 


Still born . 








121 


Suicide . . 








8 


Sudden . 








13 


Syphilis 








2 


Teething . 








30 


Tumor . 








3 


Ulcer of stomach 






1 


" " uterus 






1 


Worms 






3 


Wounds 









Total . . 








1,920 



58 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







i-h 


OS 


00 


Tj< 


35 


co 


00 


t^ 


CO 


t>. 


CM 


o 


eo 


•SJBJ0X 


»c 


*o 


CO 


x* 


CM 


CM 


x*l 


l-~ 


00 


00 


-* 


*o 


co 
X 
i— i 


•luog 


t>. 


os 


00 


cc 


O 


(M 


CO 


O 


as 


o 


OS 


CO 


i—i 


-iros 




















CM 




1— I 


i— 1 


a 


fa | 


o 


T-H 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


1—1 


— 


o 


o 


CO 
































s i 


o 


CM 


1— 1 


1—1 


CO 


o 


o 


1— t 


1—1 


CM 


o 


o 


3 


A® 


fa 


o 


~ 


o 


1-1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


1—1 


"- 1 


o 


° 


CO 


»S 


s | 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 


o 


d 

OS 


fa 1 


o 


CM 


CM 


CO 


1—1 


t— I 


eo 


^ 


eo 


eo 


1— 1 


° 


o 

CM 


6 

00 


s 1 


o 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


" 


1— 1 


M 


o 


o 


CM 


t^ 


d 
ao 

d 


fa 1 


eo 


© 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


— 


CM 


UO 


o 


CM 


CM 


eo 


s 1 


1—1 


I— 1 


1-1 


-M 


CM 


1— 1 


i-H 


" 


^* 


i-H 


1— 1 


CM 


CO 


o 
d 

CD 


fa 1 


■>* 


CO 


CO 


i—l 


CO 


■^ 


CO 


"* 


(M 


1—1 


tH 


* 


co 

CO 


s 1 


CM 


"* 


»o 


L~ 


eo 


1-i 


cm 


-* 


CM 


CM 


■— i 


^ 1 


co 


d 

09 


fa 1 


CQ 


eo 


CO 


id 


i—i 


"* 


CO 


co 


CM 


CM 


iO 


-* 1 


o 


. * 1 


i— 1 


no 


CO 


CO 


i-H 


CM 


CM 


i—i 


Oi 


•* 


-* 


i-H 


co 


•O A 1 
























-H 


X* 


o 

i 


fe 


co 


•* 


uO 


— ■ 


t- 


co 


00 


iO 


os 


00 


CO 


O 


5 


s 


"0 


t~ 


X* 


o 


^ 


»o 


00 


OS 


T(H 


OS 


os 


OS 


s 


d 

T 

d 

eo 


fa 


00 


co 


00 


^ 


CO 


co 


"* 


CO 


co 


o 


eo 


OS 


g 


. 


O 


"* 


7— 1 


00 


co 


CO 


co 


l> 


00 


t^ 


CO 


1— 1 


CM 


S 


1—1 




1—1 
















1— t 


1— 1 


o 
































. 1 


OS 


uO 


CM 


OS 


o 


o 


00 


00 


co 


o 


co 


CO 


_ 




fa 1 




1— 1 


i—i 






1-H 








CM 


^H 


I-I 


CO 


o 

CQ 




























1—1 


te4 1 


c© 


00 


00 


'- 


iO 


CO 


00 


CO 


co 


^-, 


00 


t- 


I-I 


*=* 1 




















i-H 






CO 




. | 


CO 


** 


"* 


co 


co 


t^ 


<* 


CO 


■* 


iO 


l> 


eo 


CO 


d 


fa 


























iO 


CQ 

d 






























. 


o 


CM 


"* 


,—1 


<M 


CM 


"* 


iO 


CM 


iO 


CM 


CM 


1— 1 


i-i 


s 


























CO 




. 


•^ 


CO 


I> 


o 


i—l 


co 


CM 


CM 


■* 


CO 


CM 


O 


Tji 




fa 








^H 


















^ 


i-H 






























. 1 


t^ 


■"* 


iO 


1- 


CM 


<o 


CM 


00 


(M 


CM 


■>* 


O 


CO 




s 


























10 




. 


co 


CO 


CM 


o 


i-H 


OS 


OS 


CO 


os 


iO 


o 


CO 


CO 




fa 




I-H 


— h 


i-H 


i— t 












^H 




o 


CQ 




























1—1 


. 


co 


1—1 


i—l 


•^ 


i—l 


i> 


,-h 


OS 


OS 


CM 


CM 


uO 


00 




s 


1—1 


1— ( 


i— i 


1— 1 


^H 




i-H 






1-1 






i-H 




, 


CM 


<N 


i—l 


t>- 


co 


00 


Os 


CM 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 






fa 


i— ( 




i—l 










1— 1 


CM 


1—t 






o 


CQ 

i-i 






























. 


o 


CO 


t~ 


"tf 


t- 


CO 


OS 


1—1 


CO 


eo 


OS 


O 


L^ 




a 


^H 


1—1 












^H 


i-H 








o 




























1—t 




. i 


o 


t~ 


l-~ 


co 


co 


c^ 


00 


00 


>o 


_ 


os 


CM 


co 


I* 


fa 


^H 


r " 1 


^H 










^ 


" H 


^H 




r* 


CO 


. 


CO 


CO 


CM 


•o 


CO 


OS 


CO 


_ 


•-= 


T— 1 


iO 


O 


■ ~ 


s 


— * 


— H 


^H 




i-H 




i-H 


eo 


CM 


^H 


^H 


^H 


L^ 




























I-H 


05 




























00 




























GO 

1"H 


>> 


a 
















, 


^2 


— 








S 
1-5 


S3 

keH 




CS 


CJ 


1-5 


CO 

s 

3 


s 

-4-3 

Cl, 
<U 

CO 


CU 

O 

-u 

O 

O 


fa 

<x> 

> 
o 


a 

a 
Q 





Death Eeturns from 1810 to 1850. 



59 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1839. 



Apoplexy . . . . 






20 


Fracture of skull 






1 


Accidental 






16 


Gravel 






1 


Abscess . 






4 


Hooping-cough . 






34 


" of liver . 






1 


Heart, diseases of . 






29 


" " brain 






1 


Hives 






1 


" " lumbar . 






1 


Haemorrhage . 






5 


Asthma . 






8 


Inflammation 






1 


Bowels, disease of . 






12 


" of lungs . 




18 


Burns 






11 


kt " bowels 




50 


Brain, diseases . 






6 


" throat . 




1 


Bleeding at lungs 






3 


" " brain . 




11 


Chicken pox . 






-> 


" " stomacl 


i . 


11 


Consumption . 






222 


" " larynx. 




1 


Catarrh . 






1 


Introsusception . 




I 


Child-bed . . . . 






17 


Infantile diseases 






88 


Colic 






5 


Insanity 






3 


Convulsions . 






37 


Intemperance . 






30 


Croup 






46 


Jaundice . 






3 


Cancer . 






7 


Liver, disease of . 






8 


" of breast . 






1 


Lock-jaw . 






1 


Canker .... 






7 


Measles 






3 


11 rash 






4 


Murdered . 






1 


Cholera morbus . 






6 


Marasmus . 






20 


" infantum 






36 


Mortification . 






1 


Dropsy .... 






28 


Old age . . . 






53 


lt of chest . 






3 


Pleurisy 






2 


" " brain . 






56 


Palsy .... 






14 


Delirium tremens 






8 


Poison by paint . 






1 


Debility . . . 






11 


Quinsy .... 






3 


Drowned . 






30 


Ruptured vessel . 






1 


Decline 






14 


Scalded 






4 


Dyspepsia . 






1 


Spasms 






5 


Diarrhea . 






7 


Spine diseases 






5 


Dysentery . 






30 


Still born . . . 






. 141 


Epilepsy 






2 


Syphilis 






1 


Erysipelas . 






8 


Scrofula 






7 


Fevers, unknown 






3 


Sudden 






. 10 


' * puerperal 






1 


Suicide .... 






. 10 


" nervous . 






1 


Small-pox . 






. 58 


' ' intermittent 






1 


Teething . . . 






. 29 


" inflammatory 






3 


Tumor .... 






5 


" rheumatic 






4 


Throat distemper 






6 


"• lung . 






. 82 


Uterus, diseases of 






1 


" bilious 






6 


Unknown diseases 






. 129 


" scarlet 






212 


Worms .... 






9 


" brain . 
1 ' typhus . 






. 10 
46 


White swelling . 






4 








Fracture of leg . 






1 








1,863 



60 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







X 


>- 


"* 


CO 


o 


as 


"* 


l^. 


co 


eo 


00 


co 


CO 


■sinoi 


OO 


eo 


CO 


CO 


■"3" 


i 


eo 


co 

CO 


CO 
CO 


■* 


CO 


CO 


as 

i-H 


•tuoa 


eo 


o 


so 


l- 


o 


»# 


"* 


1— 1 


t> 


as 


o 




r— 


-nns 


<-H 


"" " 


" — 




'~ l 


*^ 


rH 


rt 






rt 


1-H 


CO 

1-H 


9 fa 


o 


o 


o 


co 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


- 


CO 
































E 


CO 


- 1 


o 


o 


° 


— ' 


o 


o 


o 


•- 1 


i-H 


° 


^ 


i © fa 


o 


o 


1—1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


rt 


- 1 


eo 


S2 IS 


o 


o 


1— I 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


- 


1-1 


o 


° 1 


CO 


© 

OS 

6 


fa 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CO 


rt 


o 


1—1 


CO 


o 


o 


eo 


IO 


00 

— 


• 


o 


CO 


o 


o 


CO 


CO 


o 


Tj- 


1-H 


o 


CO 




o 


oo S 


























i-H 


d 
op 
d 


fa 


CO 


50 


1-1 


-* 


rt 


~ 


— 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"St" 


CO 


1^. 

CO 


S 


CO 


CO 


"* 


GO 


rH 


CO 


"* 


H 


CO 


l-H 


o 


eo 


CO 


t- 


























co 


d 


fa 


■* 


CO 


»o 


CO 


'-' 


co 


iO 


CO 


o 


CO 


t 


- 


2 

co 


s 


>o 


"<* 


eo 


CO 


CO 


CO 


eo 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


<* 


«* 


eo 


























CO 


d 
d 


fa* 


^ 


iO 


CO 


>o 


co 


^ 


CO 


00 


-*H 


tH 


CO 


o^ 




• 


»o 


00 


i~ 


HO 


co 


CO 


iO 


** 


CO 


00 


t^ 


-* 


as 


fes 


















I— 1 








co 




• 




>o 


uo 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


CO 


o 


** 


CO 


CO 


co 


d 


fa 


























«5 


• 


CO 


eo 


as 


co 


00 


-* 


CO 


co 


*a 


iO 


co 


00 


z? 


s 


1—1 
























« 






,_ 


c~ 


o 


t- 


1—1 


CO 


as 


CO 


i—i 


b- 


as 


L>- 


-* 


d 


fa 


T— 1 




rt 




•- 1 


^ 




1— 1 


^ 










^i 






























o 


• 


^ 1 


t> 


as 


o 


as 


^H 


~^ 


CO 


»o 


o 


i — i 


OO 


o 


s 


CO 






1-H 




i-H 


— h 


1—1 






^^ 




co 


































o 


r _ l 


— 


U0 


eo 


T+l 


as 


l^ 


eo 


o 


CO 


L^ 


co 


o 
eo 
d 


fa 


1— I 


"-' 






1-1 








T—< 


1— ( 


'"" ' 




i-H 


• 




I> 


— 5 


co 


co 


l^ 


t- 


t>- 


1— I 


•o 


CO 


«> 


CO 


« S 


















1—1 








as 


. 


00 


"* 


-* 


CO 


CO 


Tfl 


•>* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


» 


» 


o 
d 


fa 


























iO 


s 


CO 


>o 


, ~ l 


as 


">* 


o 


CO 


»o 


eo 


CO 


00 


^ 


5 


d 
i-i 


fa 


"* 


CO 


CO 


-* 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


as 


o 


eo 


s 


CO 


CO 


CO 


i—i 


t^ 


CO 


o 


co 


o 


co 


CO 


o 


CO 






eo 


o 


o 


eo 


"- 1 


co 


*n 


00 


** 


CO 


o 


^ 


s 




fa 




























est 




co 


o 


o 


oo 


O 


l> 


co 


1—1 


00 


CO 


»o 


"> 


7* 


s 






1-1 




r " ' 






1— 1 










as 




00 


1—1 


00 


co 


as 


o 


1— I 


co 


CO 


o 


■>* 


L» 


00 


« 


fa 




1—1 










1-1 


CO 


CO 


^H 






GO 




eo 


00 


"* 


t- 


-* 


co 


00 


co 


1-H 


o 


t^ 


i-H 


iO 


" |H 
















CO 


eo 


i-H 






-H 
-1 






as 


CO 


CO 


t- 


1—1 


iO 


■^ 


as 


o 


*—< 


co 


co 


a* 


fa 


J 




'"*' 


T— I 




1-1 


*-■ 


eo 


GO 


i-H 


i-H 










-^ 


_l 


o 


as 


1-- 


CO 


as 


CO 


as 


i-H 


CO 


tH 


Kh 


s 


1— 1 


GO 


CO 


1— 1 






CO 


i— i 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


© 




























■** 


















Eh 










00 


>> 


>> 










. 








OJ 


^2 








s 
a 


oS 
(V 


-a 


< 


cS 




1-3 


w 

< 


■*-> 


o 
o 

o 


> 

o 

to 


s 

o 

03 







Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



61 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1840. 



Apoplexy . 
Accidental 


• • 






. 26 
. 27 


Abscess 






2 


Asthma 






4 


Bowels, disease of 






. 26 


Burns .... 






. 13 


Brain, disease of 






. 15 


Consumption . 






. 240 


Child-bed . . . 






. 22 


Colic .... 






2 


Convulsions . 






. 58 


Croup .... 






. 38 


Cancer 






. 14 


" of breast 






. 3 


Canker .... 






. 16 


'• rash . 






1 


Cholera morbus . 






. 8 


" infantum 






. 47 


Coxalgia . 






2 


Dropsy 

Drinking cold watei 


i* 




. 38 
2 


Dropsy of chest . 






6 


k ' " brain . 






56 


Delirium tremens 






11 


Debility 
Drowned . 








15 
20 


Decline 








3 


Dyspepsia . 
Diarrhea . 








2 

12 


Dysentery 








58 
1 
9 


Erysipelas 








Fevers, unknown 






4 


" nervous . 






2 


" inflammatory 






Q 

o 


" rheumatic 






6 


" lung . 






107 


' ' bilious 






1 


" scarlet 






57 


" brain . 






18 


" typhus 






69 

1 

70 


Hooping cougl 


l . 







Heart, disease of ... 15 

Hives l 

Haemorrhage 6 

Inflammation of lungs . . 28 

k ' lC bowels . 40 

"■ " brain . . 13 

" k ' stomach . 2 

" " larynx . 2 
Infantile diseases . . .116 

Insanity 1 

Intemperance 35 

Jaundice 5 

Liver, disease of ... 11 

Lock-jaw 3 

Kidney, disease of . 1 

Marasmus 20 

Mortification 4 

Old age 64 

Pleurisy 7 

Palsy 13 

Poison 6 

Quinsy 5 

Rupture of vessel ... 3 

Spasms 2 

Measles 1 

Spine, disease of 1 

Still born 131 

Syphilis 1 

Scrofula 7 

Scurvy 2 

Suicide 11 

Small pox 115 

Teething 33 

Tumor 8 

Throat distemper ... 2 

Uterus, disease of . . . 2 

Unknown diseases ... 86 

Ulcers 3 

Worms 5 

Total 1,972 



62 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







CO 


O 


o. 


rH 


tH 


o 


— T- 


X 


X 


CO 


CD 


t^ 


— 


•si*ac>i 


CO 


CO 




cc 


X 




co 




OS 


X 


"* 


L^ 




























OS 




























— 
~ccP 


•uioh 


tH 


CO 


o 


CO 


T-I 


>o 


"O 


CO 


— 


CO 


CO 


as 


-ims 


1—1 
























CO 


a 


fa 


o 


O 


c 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 1 


o 


-a 

a 






























s 


'-' 


o 


o 


o 


1-1 


CO 


CO 


1— ( 


CO 


o 


o 


° 1 


as 




fa 


1— 1 


1—1 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


1— 1 


o 


o 


o 


- 1 


-* 


s 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


= 


o 


o 


° 1 


GO 


d 

d 


fa 1 


1— 1 


o 


CO 


GO 


CO 


CO 


rH 


o 


tH 


rH 


o 


~ 1 


CD 

1— 1 


s 


T— 1 


CO 


o 


r- 1 


CO 


o 


o 


o 


o 


T-| 


CO 


CD 


l^ 


00 


























— 


© 

00 


fa 


50 


1-1 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


iO 


vO 


CO 


OS 
CO 


S 


CO 


CO 


1-^ 


T— | 


T— 


CO 


— 


CO 


T-| 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


t- 


























CO 


d 

d 


fa 


-* 


— 


o 


1-1 


*tf 


"* 


CO 


•a 


CO 


co 


■«* 


l ^ 


CD 


8 


CO 


-* 


o 


CO 


c^ 


CO 


CO 


1— 1 


CO 


Tt< 


CO 


-* 


CO 


CO 


























CO 


d 
d 


fa 


■* 


CO 


*o 


CO 


■>* 


CO 


CO 


as 


CO 


CO 


^ 


CO 


CO 


• 


CO 


CO 


"* 


00 


CO 


CO 


o 


1— 1 


CO 


CD 


-* 


CO 


— 1 


irs £4 


























-* 


d 


fa 


X 


"* 


CO 


"* 


■* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


X 


CO 


»o 


° 




d 


• 


CO 


CO 


CO 


GO 


CO 


>c: 


" 


CD 


l> 


^ 


o 


CO 


CO 


«< 






1—1 


— 


i-H 










1—1 






OS 


d 


fa 


CO 


as 


co 


as 


30 


TJH 


-o 


t- 


co 


CD 


* 


^ 


l ol 


© 




CO 


i— 


*0 


i—i 


co 


o 


rH 


OS 


t- 


o 


X 


— 


30 


oo i e 


— 










1— 1 


1—1 






1— 1 




1—1 


■os 


. 1 


X 


o 


00 


CO 


CO 


o 


»o 


1— 1 


X 


o 


CO 


iO 


CO 


o 

CO 


fa 




1-1 






'-* 


1-1 




" H 




T-* 


rt 


" 


n 


d 

09 


a 


co 


co 


CO 


L-O 


X 


co 


l> 


t> 


OS 


© 

1—1 


>o 


* 




d 
est 

d 


fa* 


T*H 


CO 


CO 


co 


CO 


■"* 


o 


*- H 


CO 


X 


CO 


CO 


co 


. 


CO 


CO 


CO 


»c 


-* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


** 


^ 


CO 


-* 


s 


























CO 






-* 


CO 


TH 


CO 


o 


T-| 


T-| 


** 


T-I 


1—1 


■^ 


iO 


co 


d 
t-i 


fa 


























Ol 




GO 


T— 1 


"* 


CO 


■* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


»o 


o 




s 


























^ 




e 


•* 


CO 


H 


o 


X 


35 


co 


OS 


"O 


CD 


CO 


t» 


- 




fa 






— 


^^ 














1-H 


rH 


o 


est 




























1—1 




tH 


CO 


CJ5 


OS 


OS 


t> 


CO 


o 


t^ 


uO 


X 


as 


as 




s 
















7-1 




TH 




- 


3 






t> 


t^ 


** 


x 


CD 


CO 


X 


X 


as 


1— 1 


co 


"* 


o 




fa 








r^ 


1— 1 






T— 1 


1— 1 


1— 1 




— 


CO 


09 




























1—1 




-* 


cr 


CO 


t>. 


co 


as 


o 


CO 


i— I 


OS 


o 


o 


o 




s 








rH 


* H 




"~ 


CO 


CO 




^^ 


^ 


1*1 

1—1 






CO 


r- 1 


t> 


(35 


CO 


OS 


o 


CO 


as 


GO 


CO 


X 


o 


ss 


fa 


i— l 


" 






rH 




r* 1 


CO 


*~* 


"* 






o 


5^ 




CO 


-* 


T 


T _l 


CO 


T-| 


CO 


CO 


1—1 


—1 


»o 


o 


CO 


















co 


CO 


CO 


1— 1 


1— 1 


CO 


1— 1 




























** 




























00 


















— 




i. 






T» 


- 


03 

P 

a 

03 

1-3 


>> 
c3 

s 




Q 


T>> 


0) 

3 


T^ 

1-5 


4J 

CO 

3 

<4 


a 

0) 
Oh 


*— 
<D 

o 
o 

o 


cu 


T> 

o 


o 

s 

cu 
o 
cu 







Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



63 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1841. 



Apoplexy . 
Accidental 
Abscess 

Brain, disease of 
Bronchitis 
Bleeding at lung 
Burns . 
Consumption . 
Child-bed . . 
Colic, bilious . 
Convulsions . 
Croup . 
Cancer . 
Catarrh 
Canker . 
Cholera morbus 

" infantum 
Dropsy 

" of brain 
Delirium tremens 
Debility . . 
Drowned . 
Dropsy of chest 
Dropsy of heart 
Diarrhea . 
Dysentery 
Dyspepsia . 
Diabetes . 
Erysipelas . 
Fevers, unknown 

" inflammatory 

kt rheumatic 

" lung . 

" bilious 

" scarlet 

" typhus 

" brain . 
Fracture of thigh 
" " knee 
Gout .... 
Hooping cough 
Heart, disease of 



11 

14 

3 

8 

16 

6 

5 

256 

20 

1 

61 

61 

11 

1 

18 

5 

24 

39 

53 

5 

30 

15 

2 

4 

21 

54 

2 

1 

5 

13 

28 

4 

84 

5 

87 

45 

7 

1 

1 

1 

37 

28 



Hip, disease of . 
Jaundice . 
Influenza . 
Infantile diseases 



2 

1 
2 

108 



Insanity 2 

Intemperance 24 

Inflammation 1 

22 

83 

3 

11 



of 



lungs . 
"■ bowels . 

" l ' throat . 

" " brain . 

" bladder 1 

" " stomach . 3 

Kidney, disease of . 1 

Liver, " vi . . . 11 

Letharg}- 1 

Measles 87 

Murdered 1 

Marasmus 26 

Mortification 3 

Old age 55 

Pleurisy 7 

Palsy 12 

Quinsy 3 

Rupture of blood vessel . 1 

Scalds 2 

Spasms 3 

Spine, disease of 5 

Still-born 136 

Scrofula 12 

Sudden 10 

Suicide 9 

Small-pox 57 



Teething 

Tumor 

Throat distemper 

Ulcers .... 

Unknown diseases 

Worms .... 



32 

11 

2 

2 

69 



Total 



1.919 



64 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







OS 


to 


co 


CD 


Oq 


CM 


t~ 


Ol 


os 


CD 





rjH 


1 «© 


•siinox 


— 


© 


© 


CO 


i— 1 


L^ 


OS 


CO 


— H 


O 


L^ 


CO 


Ol 


IM 


<N 


rM 


"M 


■N 


^h 


i— 1 


ri 


<N 


!-H 


i-H 


1— 1 


r}i 




























1 -M 


•ujog 


00 


00 


© 


CO 


CO 


t- 


00 


r. 


■M 


-* 


(M 


co 


1 - 


-ims 






rH 






i—l 


1— 1 


" 


-N 


1-H 


1-1 


r— I 


1 CO 


a 


fa 


O 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


»— 1 


© 


-^ 


1" 


l s 


O 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


1° 




fa 


O 


'-' 


© 


~ 


© 


© 


— 


^H 


© 


© 


© 


© 


1 * 






























1° 


S 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


^ 


<M 


<N 


*tf 


rH 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


~^ 


•-- 


^ 


<N 


CO 


IS 


s 


© 


© 


CO 


«c 


CO 


© 


© 


,— I 


,— 1 





r- 1 


3M 


1 "- 


oo 


























1 i-H 


d 

00 


fa 


1 ^ 


CO 


o 


CM 


IQ 


CM 


i-H 


CO 


CO 


(M 


° 


»o 


1 ^ 

1 CO 


s 


1 "^ 


(N 


1— I 


OS 


CD 


CM 


CM 


CO 


© 


■^ 


G^« 


OJ 


1 °° 


l> 


























1 :~ 


d 


fa 


co 


co 


o 


o 


<N 


CO 


CO 


(M 


co 


-* 


-* 


rH 


1 r 
1 iO 


s* 


1 SO 


CO 


rH 


» 


CO 


CD 


CO 


•a 





—4 


T— 1 


<N 


1 ^ 


co 


























1 rH 


d 

CO 


fa 


rH 


00 


o 


iO 


CO 


CO 


rt 





■«* 


t* 


CO 


rH 


1 >o 






OS 


o 


t> 


rH 


*o 


rH 


CO 


■^ 


m 


■<* 


rti 


rH 


1 °o 


io 1 S 


























1 


d 


fa 


CD 


co 


•O 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CM 


-* 


CD 


O 


CO 


1—1 
1—1 


I iO 

1 




• 


© 


'- 


00 


OS 


UO 


O 


OS 


CO 


© 


-* 


!>• 


CO 


1 r - 


* 


1— 1 














1--1 


1—1 






-" 


1 os 






© 


<N 


00 


o 


© 


t>- 


00 


CD 


t- 


1>. 


1—1 


CO 


1 CO 


o 


fa 


1-1 


■""' 




1-1 














^ 


*"• 


1 -H 




CO 


1— , 


OS 


os 


1— I 


tr» 


OS 


cs 


^ 


OS 


CO 


— 


1 ° 


w 


s 




1—1 






1— 1 












1-1 


1—1 


1 —1 
1 -H 






<N 


o 


o 


rH 


CO 


00 


OS 


CO 


CO 


00 


© 


rH 


I GV| 


o 
w 


fa 


t— 1 


■"" 


^ 


Ol 


1-1 






1—1 


^ H 


1-1 


-M 


1— 1 


1 t^ 

1 -H 




00 


o 


,— 1 


OS 


© 


00 


CD 


CO 


c^ 


00 


00 


OS 


<M 


es 


s 






i— 1 




1—1 






'" H 










© 


d 

CM 

<=> 


fa 


rH 


rH 


>o 


t» 


© 


CO 


t> 


Tfl 


CO 


iO 


uO 


CO 


IS 


s 


*c 


rH 


CD 


iO 


rr 


1— 1 


CO 


iO 





CM 


"* 


1-1 


IS 


. 


• 


>o 


CO 


CO 


H 


CO 


CD 


rH 


CM 


■* 


CO 


CO 


L^ 


I *3 


© 

i-H 


fa 








1—1 


















1 CO 


• 


co 


t~- 


iO 


rH 


CO 


t~ 


00 


■^i 


■* 


"tfl 


>o 


(M 


| <N 


.O g 


























1 CO 






GO 


OS 


00 


i— 1 


i> 


■o 


00 


CO 


10 


00 


T(1 


CO 


t^ 




fa 


1—1 




i— I 


(N 


■— < 


1—1 














CO 


«s 




























l-H 


. 


<M 


CO 


CD 


t~ 


co 


OS 


CO 


OS 


-* 


1—1 


1—1 


— 1 


-M 




s 


OJ 


rH 


1-1 


•— 1 


n 




1-1 




— 1 


I— 1 


rt 


1—1 


1—1 . 






<N 


L» 


OS 


O 


© 


00 


OS 


-M 


CO 


OS 


rH 


rH 


O 




fa 


i-H 


i— 1 












i—t 


i-i 




i-H 


-H 


(M 


est 




























i-H 


. 1 


<N 


CO 


X 


00 


CM 


CO 


re 


CO 


-* 


01 


rH 


CD 


OS 




* 1 


1-1 


1— 1 






rH 


1—1 


I— 1 


1—1 


i-H 


^ 






Ol 




. 1 


00 


EN 


00 


© 


*M 


rH 


CM 


-* 


00 


L^ 


00 


CO 


CO 


^ :-. 


fa 1 




T— 1 




7—1 


i— i 


i—i 


CM 


CO 


(M 


1— ( 




—1 


© 


.2 03 


























-M 
































B>i 


. 


r-H 


T-l 


»o 


C~ 


OS 


CD 


GM 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


i-H 


co 


10 


t=.- 


a 


-m 


CO' 


1-1 


1-1 


*~ 


i— 1 


CO 


CO 


CO 


*"* 


(N 


^ 


CO 
Ol 


«N 




























r* 




























GO 


















— 




■_, 






i— 


s 
a 


55 


"3 


—. 


>~> 


03 


>> 


GQ 

5c 


g 
S 





0) 

a 

03 


a 

03 








03 

fa: 




< 


S3 


>S 


(-3 


^ 


CO 







O 


0) 







Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



65 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1842. 



Apoplexy . 
Accidental 
Abscess 

Bowels, disease of 
Burns .... 
Brain, disease of 
Bleeding at lungs 
Chicken-pox . 
Consumption . 
Childbed . . 
Convulsions . 
Croup . 
Cancer . 
Canker 

" rash 
Cholera morbus 

" infantum 
Dropsy . 

" of brain 
Delirium tremens 
Debility . . 
Drowned . 
Decline 
Drinking cold water 
Dropsy on chest 
Diarrhoea . 
Dysentery . 
Dyspepsia 
Erysipelas 
Epilepsy . . 
Fever, unknown 

" nervous 

" intermittent 

" rheumatic 

" lung 

" bilious 

" scarlet 

" typhus 

" brain . 

" inflammatory 
Gravel .... 
Hooping-cough . 
Heart, disease of 



26 

24 

4 

30 

11 

17 

2 

2 

307 
48 

7 
55 
10 
15 

9 

9 
34 
42 
74 

5 
39 
28 

8 

3 
10 
20 
17 

2 

31 
2 

7 

1 

2 

5 

139 

7 

248 

65 

11 

2 

3 

23 

42 



- 



Hip, disease of . . . 
Infantile diseases 

Insanity 

Intemperance 
Inflammation 

" of lungs . 

" " bowels 

k- " brain . 

" " throat . 

'' " stomach 

Influenzy 

Jaundice 

Kidney, disease of . 
Knee, " " . . 
Liver, " " . . 

Measles 

Marasmus 

Mortification .... 

Old age 

Pleurisy 

Palsy 

Purpura hemorrhagica . 

Quinsy 

Rupture of blood-vessel 

Scald 

Spasms 

Spine, disease of 

Stillborn 

Scrofula 

Sudden 

Suicide 

Small-pox 

Stomach, disease of 

Teething 

Tic doloreau .... 

Tumor 

Throat distemper 
Uterus, disease of . 

Ulcer 

Unknown 

Worms 



1 

52 

3 

34 

4 

42 

61 

13 

8 

1 

3 

4 

1 

1 

16 

23 

43 

7 

64 

17 

20 

1 

1 

51 

2 

42 

3 

66 

15 

15 

5 

40 

8 

54 

1 

12 

16 

1 

7 

63 

5 



Total 



2,426 



66 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







CM 


SO 


l> 


co 


CO 


X 


■* 


■<* 


OS 


-M 


-f 


CO 


t> 


•spnoi 


CO 


i-O. 


CO 


—■' 


o 


"* 


■os 


CO 
CM 


CM 


X 


cs 


X 


OS 
CM 


•nioq 


uo 


CO 


eo 


CO 


50 


uO 


t> 


OS 


l> 


•- 1 


t> 


iO 


os 
X 


-ims 




























a 1 fa 


o 


o 


O 


t-> 


— 


«-" 


O 


C 


o 


O 


o 


o 


eo 






























S3 1 S 


o 


° 


o 


O 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CM 


is 


fa 


rH 


^ 


o 


~ 


o 


,_H 


' o 


o 


1—1 


o 


o 


o 


■^ 


S 


o 


o 


CM 


© 


- 1 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CO 


d 

05 


fa 


- 1 


o 


eo 


CO 


o 


CO 


T ~' 


o 


CO 


— 


*-* 


eo 


CM 


o 

00 


s 


"- 1 


o 


o 


° 


CM 


o 


eo 


o 


o 


CM 


o 


CO 


i—l 


d 

00 


fa 


o 


OS 


•o 


"<* 


eo 


-* 


t- 


o 


~ 


CO 


"O 


^H 






• 


r _l 


CO 


co 


CO 


CO 


CM 


,-H 


o 


co 


"* 


o 


"O 


CM 


S 


























CO 


o 
1^ 


fa 


"<* 


rt 


CO 


GO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


I— 1 


CO 


CM 


CO 


eo 


71 

c- 


s 


^H 


"<* 


CO 


"* 


CO 


■*H 


"* 


iC 


CM 


i—l 


■^ 


L^ 


co 


CD 


























"<* 


d 
co 

d 


. 


KO 


co 


CO 


CO 


co 


OS 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CM 


eo 


eo 


fa 
















1—1 










CO 


s 


— 


eo 


iO 


GO 


uO 


~* 


CO 


T* 


UO 


"* 


»o 


CM 


CO 


>o 


























^ 


• . , 


00 


i—i 


1—1 


CO 


CM 


t- 


O 


CM 


-* 


l> 


o 


«o 


co 


"* 


fa 






1— 1 
















tH 




CO 




• 


I— 


«o 


CO 


t> 


'- 


CM 


-* 


,— | 


X 


CO 


»c 


"O 


X 


5 












— 


—i 


i—l 










X 




fa 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


,-H 


o 


X 


t~ 


OS 


^H 


,— 1 


,— i 


os 


o 





















1— 1 


— 


—i 


os 




CO 


O 


t~ 


CO 


OS 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


iO 


OS 


X 


X 


■_: 


ro 


s 








1-1 






7—1 












o 






o 


os 


t> 


CO 


CM 


o 


>o 


t> 


o 


os 


eo 


CM 


-M 


o 
eo 


fa 


1—1 




1-1 


' H 


rt 


1-1 


,_l 




1-1 




i— i 


i— 1 


^H 




** 


CO 


•o 


b- 


X' 


X 


o 


o 


o 


os 


CM 


co 


o 


« 


s 














1—1 


1—1 


1— 1 




i—i 




os 




>o 


CO 


MO 


•<* 


o 


IT- 


CO 


CM 


tH 


«o 


X 


OS 


OS 


d 


fa 


























CO 


0* 

d 
































r _( 


o 


CO 


CM 


CO 


os 


-* 


"* 


"* 


CO 


CO 


1— 1 


1— 1 


iH 


s 


























^* 


. . • 


GO 


-* 


eo 


^ 


CM 


,— 1 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CM 


■* 


CM 


TO 


o 


U-' 


























eo 


i 


• 


eo 


CO 


CO 


CM 


-CH 


CO 


•o 


eo 


CO 


CM 


o 


-* 


O 


■o S 






















1— 1 




•o 




"* 


CO 


cs 


t> 


X 


eo 


co 


os 


X 


CO 


o 


"* 


© 




fa 






















■-H 


" — 1 


OS 


US 






























. 


CO 


CO 


o 


CM 


iO 


"O 


X 


CO 


CO 


X 


CO 


o 


-* 




s 


i—i 




1—1 










1— 1 






1-1 


^H 


o 






co 


t> 


o 


■^ 


"* 


o 


OS 


o 


CO 


iO 


OS 


I— ( 


CO 


ej 


fa 






rt 










CM 


CM 


1-1 




1-1 








o 


OS 


co 


CM 


X 


CO 


>o 


eo 


X 


iO 


o 


X 


f>- 


1 s 


I— 1 






1-1 








1-1 


CM 


^ 


^H 




CM 






o 


eo 


UO 


OS 


"* 


o 


o 


X 


>o 


X 


^ 


CO 


■* 


HU 


fa 


IN 






^H 


1—1 




CM 


CO 


CM 




T— I 




GM 


a> c3 


























GO 
































5i»> 


, 


eo 


,-H 


OS 


l^ 


QS 


co 


*-H 


iO 


"* 


o 


•>* 


•H 


UO 


&^ 


s 


T^ 


r^ 




rt 






CM 


•<# 


•^ 


CM 


1—1 


<M 


co 

GO 


SO 




























■* 




























ih 


>* 


S*J 












m 
s 
be 

3 


CO 

.a 




0) 


^2 








s 

B 

a 

08 

►o 


co 


O 


a 
^ 




CJ 

a 
B 

•-3 


>> 
^ 


fa 

03 


cu 
O 

-t-3 

o 

O 


CP 

> 

O 


a 

CO 

o 

CO 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



67 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1843. 



Asthma 






3 


Accidental . . 






11 


Apoplexy . . . 






16 


Abscess 






4 


•' of brain . 






1 


Angina pectoris . 






1 


Bronchitis . 






6 


Bowels, diseases of 






65 


Brain, " " 






20 


Burns .... 






8 


Chicken-pox . 






2 


Consumption . 






249 


Child-bed diseases 






42 


Convulsions . 






50 


Croup .... 






52 


Colic .... 






1 


" bilious . 






4 


Canker .... 






. 23 


Cancer .... 






. 11 


" of uterus . 






9 


" " stomach 






1 


Cholera infantum 






55 


" morbus . 






2 


Debility . . . 






36 


Diseases unknown 






46 


Drowned . 






26 


Delirium tremens 






2 


Dropsy .... 






35 


k ' of brain , 






85 


" " chest . 






1 


Dysentery . 






31 


Epilepsy . 






2 


Erysipelas . 






27 


Fevers, unknown 






3 


' ' typhus . 






72 


' ' bilious 






4 


" brain . 






10 


" nervous . 






2 


" lung . 






108 


' ' scarlet 






42 


" rheumatic 






6 


" inflamrnaton 


7 




1 


Gravel .... 






1 


Hooping cough . 






54 


Heart, diseases of . 






34 


Hemorrhage . 






14 


Hernia .... 






3 


Hip, disease of . 






4 



Inflammation of lungs . . 59 

" bowels . 47 

" throat . . 4 

" " stomach . 5 

" " brain . . 9 

" lt liver . . 1 

Intemperance 21 

Influenza 22 

Insanity 4 

Inanition 1 

Intus-susception .... 1 

Infantile diseases . . . 142 

Jaundice 1 

Kidney, disease of . . . 2 
Liver, " " . .17 

Lock-jaw 1 

Marasmus 58 

Measles 43 

Mortification 2 

Neuralgia 1 

Old age 75 

Purpura hemorrhagica . . 1 

Palsy 19 

Pleurisy 20 

Poison 1 

Quinsy 4 

Rheumatism 2 

Rickets 2 

Suffocation 4 

Scald 1 

Scrofula 14 

Spasms 8 

Still-born 189 

Spine, disease of 6 

Small-pox 53 

Syphilis 3 

Suicide 7 

Sudden 11 

Scirrhous of stomach . . 1 

Throat distemper ... 8 

Teething 27 

Tumor 14 

Ulcers 3 

Uterus, diseases of . . . 1 

Worms 4 



Total 



2,197 



68 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







to 


00 


iO 


H 


(N 


os 


CO 


CM 


tc 


CO' 


© 


~ 




•siTnox 


CO 




CO 


CO 


X 


co 


l> 


CO 
CM 


co 

CM 


OS 


i- 


© 


CM 

1 CM 


•uioa 


i^. 


CM 


T-H 


© 


CO 


T-H 


CO 


© 


>o 


•* 


© 


t^ 


l> 


-row 


*"* 


* H 


1—1 


^^ 


CM 


CM 


'-' 


l-H 


'""' 


'" , 


^™ 




co 


a &! 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


c 


M 






























a 


s 


o 


o 


o 


° 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


1-1 


— ' 


r><= 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


l-H 


o 


© 


© 


^ 


© 


© 


© 


^ 


CO 


•a 


s 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


— ' 


© 


© 


© 


T-H 


© 


© 


CM 


d 

OS 


fa 


id 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM 


•^ 


"- 1 


'"' 


CM 


1-1 


© 


CO 


CO 
CM 


• 


1— I 


o 


_t 


,-H 


CM 


i—i 


© 


T-H 


CO 


T-H 


T-H 


i-H 


co 


00 I 


























1 -H 


d 

00 


fa 


CO 


CO 


X 


o 


t> 


CM 


o 


■<* 


T-H 


"* 


lO 


** 


■-- 


° 




so 


o 


T— 1 


CO 


T-H 


l-H 


© 


l-H 


© 


CO 


— 


^ 


© 




























CM 


d 


fa 


w 


co 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CO 


o 


CO 


»o 


CO 


t> 


rt 


CM 


s 


GO 


CM 


CO 


o 


>o 


CO 


CM 


o 


CM 


CM 


"* 


CO 


T*l 


co 


























■^ 


d 

CO 


fa 


"<* 


CO 


CM 


CM 


** 


CO 


>o 


■<* 


CO 


co 


CO 


© 


•H" 


• 


1-H 


«o 


o 


>o 


"?H 


o 


uO 


CM 


CO 


© 


CO 


o 


© 


§ 


























■^ 


d 


fa- 


« 


■rH 


re 


»o 


© 


CM 


-* 


© 


CM 


IO 


CO 


© 




s' 


t~ 


CO 


■<* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


© 


© 


CO 


!>• 


iO 


CO 


CO 


^ 














i-H 












l^ 






CM 


CO 


© 


CO 


CO 


© 


OS 


"<* 


CO 


O 


o 


© 


1-H 


o 


fa 


1-H 


t-H 






















© 


© 
































T* 


O 


•sfl 


l> 


o 


t^ 


© 


t^ 


© 


CO 


1-H 


iO 


^H 


CO 


s 




*"" ' 










T ~ l 








l-H 




CO 






o 


"<*1 


o 


© 


CO 


CO 


CO 


"* 


© 


© 


o 


© 


>o 


o 
w 


fa 


T-H 


rH 


























© 


_i 


•* 


— 


cs 


^H 


»o 


CO 


© 


© 


c 


© 


© 


CM 


s 


l-H 


t-h 




rH 




l-H 




l-H 




'""' 


1—1 


^^ 




d 

<M 


fa 


« 


iO 


CO 


OS 


CO 


lO 


t> 


*tf 


■^ 


© 


CO 


Tf 








CO 


CM 


■^ 


CM 


^H 


i-H 


CO 


© 


© 


CO 


CM 


© 


© 


S s 
























T-H 


■-* 


1 • 


•N 


co 


CM 


CO 


o 


■o 


CM 


^ 


rH 


»o 


CM 


r— 


^ 


O 


»JH 


























-f 


lO 


M 


^ 


»o 


•«* 


-CH 


TH 


rt 


co 


CO 


■>* 


CM 


t^ 


C^l 


CO 






_ 


o 


CM 


"O 


CO 


co 


co 


© 


© 


** 


T— 1 


CM 


— 




fa 


















T-H 


T-H 


i-H 


i— i 


CO 


IO 




























*"' 




CM 


CO 


co 


as 


CO 


rH 


CO 


t^ 


l>- 


© 


IO 


l-H 


CO 




s 


rH 


1—1 






1-1 


CM 


l-H 


l-H 


T— 1 


i-H 




T-H 


>o 

1-H 






-* 


(M 


CO 


o 


CO 


l-H 


CM 


T-H 


© 


l-H 


1-H 


t^ 


— H 




fa 


rH 


— 




t-H 






1-1 


CM 


CM 


^ 


"^ 




T 


« 






























. 


•>* 


l» 


CO 


o 


cs 


CO 


r-l 


© 


T-H 


l-H 


"* 


© 


© 




* 


-H 






l-H 






1-1 


1—1 


CO 


*^ 


^~ 




■* 




. 


_, 


CO 


CO 


cs 


CM 


">* 


"* 


© 


t> 


T-H 


CM 


i-H 


© 


s* 


fa 


t-H 


H 






rt 


T-1 


1-1 


CM 


CM 


1-1 


^* 


CM 


CO 
































. 


© 


t- 


r—! 


CO 


'.- 


T-H 


»o 


CM 


t^ 


T-H 


© 


© 


© 


P.H 


* 


r-i 


T-H 


1—1 


1-1 


*-* 


""■ 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


^^ 


rt 


© 

CM 


HH 




























~+ 




























00 


















!h 




f_ 






i-H 




>~> 


















0J 

a 

> 

o 


0) 








a 

CS 


.a 


c5 


«< 




CJ 




-4-3 

5b 

< 


s 

<v 
in 


Li 

"o 

-4-3 

a 

O 


tO 

a 

eg 
O 

n 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



61) 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1844. 



Aneurism of aorta 
Accidental 
Asthma 
Apoplexy . 
Abscess 
Amenorrhoea 
Bladder disease 
Bronchitis . 
Bowels, diseases of 
Brain, disease of 
Burns .... 
Catarrh 
Consumption . 
Childbed diseases 
Convulsions . 
Croup .... 
Canker .... 
Cancer .... 
" of breast 
" " uterus 
Cholera infantum 

" morbus 
Dropsy . 

" of brain 
" " chest 
Diabetes . 
Dv^pepsia . 
Debility . . 
Diseases unknown 
Drowned . 
Delirium . 
Dysentery . 
Ear, disease of 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas . 
Fevers, unknown 

' ' typhus 

' ' bilious 

" brain 

" lung . 

' ' nervous 

' ' scarlet 

" inflammatory 

" rheumatic 
Gravel .... 



1 

21 

1 

25 

10 

L 

2 

1 

32 

5 

5 

2 

305 

31 

41 

70 

12 

22 

3 

2 

61 

6 

33 

102 

2 

2 

2 

24 

47 

11 

11 

11 

1 

5 

24 

7 

73 

1 

7 

132 

1 

229 

1 

7 

9 



Hooping-cough .... 24 

Heart, disease of ... 38 

Hemorrhage 14 

Hernia l 

Hip, disease of ... . 2 

Inflammation of bowels . 77 

•' " stomach . 6 

" " brain . . 10 

Intemperance . . . . 15 

Influenza 4 

Inanition 2 

Infantile diseases . . . 133 

Jaundice 6 

Kidney, disease of . 6 

Liver, " ... 19 

Lock-jaw 3 

Marasmus 46 

Measles 36 

Murdered 2 

Old age 67 

Palsy 11 

Pleurisy 5 

Poison 3 

Quinsy 3 

Rickets 1 

Suffocation 1 

Scald 6 

Scrofula 6 

Spasms 3 

Stillborn 187 

Spine, disease of 3 

Syphilis 2 

Suicide 8 

Sudden 11 

Throat distemper ... 1 1 

Tic douloureux .... 1 

Teething 47 

Tumor 8 

Ulcers 2 

White-swelling .... 1 

Wounds 1 

Worms 10 



Total 



2,241 



70 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



•spnox 



- 



X. 



© 

3-1 



os h — 



X 



•uaoq 
-IWS 



^ © — 



CC I CO 



00 



- 



tu, 



I <M 



I CC 



O I l- 









o 

S3 



X 



00 



>» h 



fa § 



03 



•< s 



a X? 

S 3 

1-3 Ha 



3 
3 




■p 

o 


<5 


CC 


O 



o 



o 

0) 

- 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



71 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 184"). 



of 



Abscess 
Accidental 
Apoplexy . 
Asthma . ... 
Bladder, disease of 
Blood-vessel, ruptur 
Bowels, disease of 
Brain, diseases of 
Bronchitis . 
Burns .... 
Cancer .... 

k ' of breast . 

" " eye 
Canker .... 
Childbed, diseases 
Cholera infantum 
' ' morbus . 
Colic, bilious . 
Consumption . 
Convulsions . 
Croup .... 
Debility . . . 
Delirium 

Delirium tremens 
Diabetes . 
Diarrhoea . 
Disease unknown 
Dropsy .... 

" on brain . 

" " chest . 
Drowned . 
Dysentery . 
Dyspepsia . 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas . 
Fever, intermittent 

" bilious 

" brain . 

" inflammatory 



e of 



lung- 
rheumatic 
scarlet 
slow 
typhus 
unknown . 



6 

53 

21 

3 

1 

2 

123 

11 

2 

1 

13 

1 

1 

31 

37 

49 

11 

1 

426 

48 

81 

22 

6 

4 

3 

7 

24 

48 

115 

4 

19 

13 

1 

4 

14 

4 

6 

17 

1 

135 

7 

152 

1 

97 

3 



Fractures 2 

Gravel 3 

Hemorrhage 6 

Heart, disease of ... 33 

Hernia 2 

Hooping-cough .... 63 
Infantile diseases . . .152 

Inflammation of bowels . 54 

" " brain . . 14 

" " lungs . . 32 

" " stomach . 11 

" " throat . . 1 

Influenza 3 

Insanity 1 

Intemperance . . . . 15 

Jaundice 7 

Kidney, diseases of . . . 4 

Liver, " " . . 17 

Lock-jaw 1 

Marasmus 33 

Measles 8 

Mortification 3 

Murdered 1 

Old age 65 

Paralysis 25 

Pleurisy 8 

Quinsy 2 

Rheumatism 1 

Scald 2 

Scrofula 12 

Small-pox 31 

Spine, disease of ... 2 

Stillborn 245 

Sudden 15 

Suffocation 1 

Suicide 6 

Syphilis 5 

Teething 49 

Throat distemper ... 8 

Tumor 6 

Ulcers 1 

Worms 6 

Total 2,585 



72 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







co 


© 


co 


co 


-* 


:- 


-M 


CO 


so 


CN 


t-H 


X 


OS 


•SIB^OI 


— 


— 


■* 


L^. 




■- 


•o 


<* 


co 


CO 


CO 


© 


X 


CN 


ri 


-M 


CN 


--; 


CN 


CO 


"* 


cc 


■N 


CN 


<N 


CO 




























CC 


•tuoq 


co 


CO 


OS 


r 


r- < 


"M 


X 


CJS 


CO 


T-H 


r~. 


T^ 1 M 


-M 


CN 


N 


— 


CM 


CN 


CO 


c-i 




co 


rH 


-M 1 © 


-wis 1 
























1 :t 




fa | 


i— I 


O 


1-1 


o 


© 


© 


r 


© 


'-' 


<N 


CN 


© |^ 


ss 1 


o 


o 


— 


o 


© 


T-H 


© 


© 


© 


© 


© 


~ I 80 


© 

03 


fa 1 


(M 


CO 


o 


CN 


■* 


ri 


CN 


l> 




T-H 


CO 


■* 1 CO 
1 CO 


o 

00 


s 1 


CN 


<N 


1-* 


1-1 


rH 


1-1 


CO 


° 


CO 


© 


7-1 


<N | ^ 


© 

00 


fa | 


CO 


CN 


l> 


UO 


■* 


(N 


© 


■M 


c^ 


CO 


CO 


- 1 CN 

—*. 1 O 




. • i 


CN 


■^ 


CO 


- 


CO 


-* 


CO 


CO 


•^ 


© 


-* 


"* 1 ~~ 


s 
























:- 


d 
r- 

o 


fa • 


CO 


O 


rf< 


CO 


-tf 


t-H 


t^ 


-N 


"* 


CO 


•* 


CO 1 5M 

1 »o 


• 1 


-* 


iO 


-* 


co 


co 


Tt< 


ITS 


^ 


TjH 


tH 


iO 


-* c CO 


© 
























1 iO 


d 

CO 


fa | 


l-^ 


«o 


t- 


CO 


CO 


■* 


!>• 


CO 


co 


CM 


■^ 


CO 1 «o 

1 co 


d 


• 1 


co 


o 


CO 


© 


CO 


© 


CO 


o 


iO 


CO 


X 


OS 1 © 


-— 








T— 1 




l—l 












1 X 




fa | 


CO 


x 


CO 


CN 


OS 


L^ 


00 


"* 


© 


co 


OS 


CO | X 


© 








I— 1 










T-H 






1 X 




. | 


co 


co 


t> 


CO 


CN 


© 


© 


co 


CO 


T-H 


X 


X 1 © 


3 


S3 








7-1 


~~ 


"— ' 


rH 






1-1 




12 


. 


t- 


t- 


o 


00 


<N 


CO 


CN 


X 


L^ 


CO 


© 


-C* | -H 


d 


fa 






~~ 




~* 


""" 


CN 


^~ 


CN 


~ 


1—1 


^ 1 fa" 




o 


-<* 


r- 1 


— 


o 


>o 


CO 


o 


OS 


CO 


-* 


© 1 CO 


CO 


S3 






















CM 


- |2 


. 


ur: 


t> 


5C 


CN 


X 


— 


CO' 


co 


X 


CN 


CN 


CN 


iO 


d 

CO 


fa 


























- 

T-H 




. | 


co 


CO 


X 


"N 


CO 


t- 


o 


CO 


CO 


•sf 


^^ 


© 


X 


« s 


























X 


d 


fa 


UO 


iO 


l^ 


CC 


t3 


L^ 


»# 


"* 


co 


os 


CO 


CN | CO 




■* 


__ 


•o 


^H 


»o 


O 


CO 


CO 


05 


c^ 


■<* 


OS 1 CM 


3 s i 
























1 CO 


• i 


CO 


>o 


os 


T—l 


X 


■^ 


iO 


■* 


co 


o 


T-< 


CO 1 tJi 


o 


WH 








1— 1 














T-H 


1 !>• 


• 


iO 


"* 


i— 


o 


© 


l>- 


© 


CO 


© 


co 


CN 


CO 1 X 


o s 








1—1 


t-H 




"-H 




•—I 






1 l> 


1 


UTS 


o 


■<* 


— 


r— 1 


co 


'N 


■^ 


os 


c^ 


iO 


L- 1 t-H 


. ! fa 






iH 


— ' 


(N 


— 


i-l 


CN 








1 2 


































CO 


L^ 


to 


co 


-N 


X 


as 


— i 


cc 


© 


!>• 


CO 


X 


" |» 




1-1 


tH 


1-1 


CO 


1—1 


1—1 


CN 


tH 


^J 






OS 

T-H 




!>• 


CN 


O 


CO 


o 


© 


co 


© 


cc 


t- 


CO 


CN 1 CO 




fa 




^ 




1-1 


CN 


~ 


ri 


o 


CN 


I— 1 


— 


T-H 1 T-H 

1 CN 






H 


CN 


CN 


t^ 


■>* 


"N 


— 


o 


os 


»o 


"* 


© 


CN 




S3 














CN 


"* 


T-H 


T-H 


^ 


^~ 


-M 
'N 


. i . 


<N 


CN 


CO 


as 


CO 


iO 


CN 


c^ 


CO 


T— 1 


T-H 


"* 1 «5 1 


® n5 " 


rH 


CM 






CN 




TP 


o 


-* 


Tl 


CN 


r-i 1 o 
























1 CO 


fl >, 




^P 


X 


'M 


o 


CN 


o 


^ 


OS 


t~ 


L^ 


co 


■<# 1 CO 


*- 


S3 


CN 


CM 


CN 


-M 


CN 


CM 


iO 


CO 


■* 


CN 


—i 


t-H I Oj • 
1 CO 


«© 




























^* 




























GO 




























t-H 


>> 

s 

a 

OS 
"-5 


r^> 














co 




CO 


CO 








-3 

00 

fa 


el 


-< 


>-> 

S3 


co 

*-3 




faC 

< 


-1-3 

03 

03 


CO 
O 
CO 

o 


CO 

> 
O 
.5 


o 

CO 

p 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



73 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1846. 



Abscess 7 

Accidental 39 

Aneurism of aorta ... 1 

Apoplexy 22 

Asthma ...... 1 

Bowels, disease of . 251 

Brain 11 

Bronchitis 7 

Burns 7 

Cancer 19 

Canker 19 

Chicken-pox 2 

Child-bed diseases ... 42 

Cholera infantum . . . 108 

" morbus .... 24 

Colic, bilious 2 

Consumption 485 

Convulsions 64 

Croup 77 

Chest, disease of ... 1 

Debility 20 

Delirium tremens ... 8 

Diabetes 2 

Diarrhoea 80 

Diseases unknown . . . 12 

Dropsy 52 

" of brain . . . .117 

" chest .... 6 

" " heart .... 1 

Drowned 29 

Dysentery 52 

Epilepsy 1 

Erysipelas 15 

Fever, bilious 9 

" brain 18 

" lung 146 

" scarlet 106 

k ' slow 2 

" typhus 133 



" nervous 
Fistula .... 
Glands, disease of 
Gravel .... 

Hemorrhage . 



Heart, disease of 

Hernia . 

Hip, disease of 

Hooping-cough 

Infantile diseases 

Inflammation of bowels 
" " brain 

" " lungs 

" " stomach 

" " uterus 

Influenza . 

Intemperance . 

Jaundice . 

Kidney, disease of 

Liver, " " 

Lungs, ' " " 

Lock-jaw . 

Marasmus . 

Measles 

Mortification 

Neuralgia . 

Old age 

Paralysis . 

Pleurisy 

Quinsy ._ . 

Rheumatism 

Rupture of aorta 

" " blood-vessel 

Scalds . 

Scrofula 

Small-pox . 

Spine, disease of 

Stillborn . 

Sudden . 

Suicide . 

Syphilis 

Spasms 

Teething . 

Throat distemper 

Tumor . 

Ulcers . 

"Worms . 



42 

3 

3 

38 

198 

58 

24 

88 

10 

1 

3 

29 

12 

5 

17 

2 

1 

53 

150 

7 

1 

75 

30 

18 

2 

6 

1 

3 

7 

12 

92 

6 

303 

20 

14 

1 

4 

51 

12 

17 

5 

5 



Total 3,389 



74 



Death Ketukns from 1810 to 1850. 







— 1 


l^ 


CO 


_ 


CO 


OS 


o 


CO 


■* 


>o 


o 


-o 


■M 


•spnoi 


"* 




co 


o 


— h 


co 


o 


x* 


o 


OS 


CM 


c 


CI 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


K3 


Tt* 


«3 


iO 


CO 


CO 


Ol 


— 




























"<T 


•nioq 


-M 


iC 


CO 


os 


CM 


O 


CO 


GO 


CO 


t- 


O) 


iO 


os 


-ims 


o 


CM 


CM 


"" 


co 


<M 


CC 


rH 


1-1 


1-1 


-M 


•M 


CC 
CM 


a 


Qh" 


o 


O 


o 


c 


o 


O 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


a 






























3 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


CM 


o 


c 


o 


° 


L^ 


§i 


fa 


o 


o 


— 


" 


CM 


o 


o 


•^ 


o 


o 


— 


- 


l^ 


S 


o 


o 


o 


o 


CM 


o 


o 


" 


" 


o 


o 


o 


Tf 


6 I &! 


-H 


-* 


T-H 


rH 


CM 


CM 


3 


^ 


CM 


■<* 


T 


_ 


co 


CS 




























CI 


o 

00 


S 


CM 


CO 


o 


CM 


,_l 


CO 


^ 


CO 


— 


^ 


T-H 


o 


CO 


o 

00 

1- 


fa 


TJ1 


H-J1 


l> 


CC 


"* 


»o 


'- 


CM 


t> 


CO 


»o 


CM 


CM 


s 


^ 


CM 


o 


t> 


CM 


rji 


CM 


L^ 


o 


■>* 


co 


Tjr 


o 


fa 


^H 


l>- 


iO 


o 


CC 


OS 


o 


"* 


00 


,—1 


UO 


■* 


iO 


iH 




















T— 






l> 


ten 


OS 


o 


»o 


o 


cs 


O 


CO 


<~ 


CO 


o 


■* 


CO 


-M 


co 








t-H 




t-h 


T-H 






T-H 






OS 




. 


CM 


U3 


CO 


CO 


-# 


,— ( 


CC 


CO 


CO 


CM 


OS 


os 


co 


o 


fa 


t-H 










T-H 




T-H 










os 


CO 

© 






























• 


to 


t> 


iO 


CM 


CO 


o 


■<* 


CM 


,-H 


CM 


OS 


i^ 


CO 


US 


3 


























hH 




. 


CS 


co 


*o 


CO 


iO 


(M 


CC 


co 


os 


X 


CC 


co 


CM 


o 


fa 












T-H 




T-H 


T— 


T-H 


T-H 




CC 


us 
© 




























— 


. 


CS 


CO 


•<* 


■* 


l^ 


CO 


■* 


CO 


CM 


^ 


CM 


CO 


co 


^ 


s 


















CM 


CM 


O) 


*-* 


OS 




. 


T* 


CS 


»o 


CM 


L^ 


:- 


T-H 


TH 


iO 


CS 


t> 


l^ 


CO 




fa 


t-H 




T— < 


T— 1 


T^ 


oa 


CM 


t-H 


T-H 


T-H 


— 


T-H 


— 


6 




























^H 




CM 


'M 


CO 


OS 


— 


t>- 


r- 


CO 


— 


iO 


CC' 


CC' 


— 


w 


a 


1-1 


rt 


1-1 


1-1 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


1—1 


CM 


i-C 
(M 




. 


t>- 


CS 


CO 


T_| 


,—1 


■* 


t-h 


CI 


T-H 


,-H 


TH 


os 


r 




fa 


— 


i-H 


1— 1 


CM 


CM 


CM 


Ol 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


T-H 


CO 


CO 

© 




























Cl 


. 


l> 


o 


»o 


L^ 


^* 


CM 


CO 


"«* 


co 


O 


CS 


t^ 


CO 


c« 


s 






T-H 


~^ 


CM 


CO 


CO 


^# 


CO 


^ 


CM 




o 

CO 






CO 


L^ 


"* 


o 


t> 


CO 


iO 


CM 


CO 


t-H 


CO 




'O 


o 


fa 








T-H 






T-H 


T-H 


T-H 


T— 1 






T-H 


6 




























T-H 


. 


CO 


<M 


co 


o 


CO 


CO 


CO 


o 


co 


« 


CS 


o 


CO 


T-l 


s 








'—■' 






1—1 


^ 


rH 


1-1 




^^ 


*~l 




B 


CM 


CM 


co 


CO 


l^ 


iO 


L^ 


CO 


os 


o 


00 


->* 


cs 


6 

T-H 

us 


fa 


























CO 


. 


«* 


CS 


CM 


o 


T-H 


■^ 


L^ 


Ci 


CM 


CO 


•* 


CO 


T-H 


s 






*"~ l 


1—1 


rH 


t-H 






T-H 


T-H 






T-H 






CM 


00 


t> 


t> 


CM 


co 


■* 


■<* 


o 


T-H 


CC 


-cr 


o 




fa 


T— I 


T-H 




T-H 


T-H 


t-H 


t-H 


Ol 


CM 


CM 


T-H 


T— « 


os 


US 

est 




























T-H 


. 


CS 


o 


en 


t^ 


o 


o 


o 


-*" 


L^ 


** 


L^ 


CC 


o 




s 


T-H 


H 




7—1 


1—1 


OJ 


CM 


CM 


CM 


7-1 


^ 


^ 


o 

CJ 




# 


CO 


CO 


CM 


o 


c, 


t-H 


O) 


l> 


t-H 


cs 


o 


os 


CM 




fa 
















co 


** 


T^ 


T-H 


— 


T-H 


CM 

i-H 




























CM 


. 


CO 


rH 


CO 


-* 


CO 


co 


co 


CO 


CS 


T— 


co 


00 


CC 




s 


TH 


*~* 


1-1 


r_ 


T_l 


1-1 


CM 


iO 


"<# 


CM 




■"* 


CM 




# 


Th 


L— 


cc 


CO 


-* 


»o 


CJ5 


tJH 


CO 


CM 


,-H 


o 


CO 




fa 


rt 


i— 1 


rt 


CM 


CM 


^ 


CO 


l> 


o 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


. 


X 


— 


kCJ 


OS 


L^ 


,-H 


>o 


co 


o 


»o 


O 


co 


CO 


(=>,H 


s 


O. 


rH 


rH 


1-1 


CM 


CM 


CO 


o 


iO 


00 


OJ 


CM 


co 


t^ 




>> 














S 




o 

g 


OJ 






s 


c3 


- 










4^ 


S 


CO 






^ 




,3 
cu 
£h 




-< 


03 


CJ 


1-8 


< 


cT 


o 

o 


o 


o 

CJ 
Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



75 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1847. 



Accidental 

Asthma 
Apoplexy . 
Abscess 
Bronchitis . 
Burns .... 
Blood-vessel, ruptur 
Bowels, disease of 

" inflammation of 
Brain, disease of* 

" inflammation 
Bones, disease of 
Consumption . 
Convulsions . 
Croup .... 
Cancer .... 
Canker .... 
Cholera 



e of 



of 



infantum 
k ' morbus . 
Childbed . . . 
Colic .... 
Cramp .... 
Diarrhoea . 
Dysentery . 
Dropsy .... 

" on brain . 

" " chest . 
Debility . . . 
Diseases unknown 
Drowned . 
Delirium tremens 
Drinking cold water 
Diabetes 
Dyspepsia . 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas . 
Fever, typhus 

" bilious 

" brain . 

' ' nervous . 

' ' scarlet 

" inflammatory 

' ' intermittent 

" lung . 

" slow . 

" rheumatic- 
Gravel .... 



25 

5 

7 

6 

1 

4.33 

51 

is 

16 

1 

544 

64 

102 

13 

28 

23 

2 

36 

4 

2 

92 

222 

48 

130 

11 

31 

6 

22 

11 

1 

2 

1 

1 

7 

666 

3 

27 

1 

59 

1 

1 

153 

2 

5 

3 



Glands, disease of 
Hemorrhage . 
Hooping-cough . 
Hernia .... 
Heart, disease of 
Hip, disease of . 
Influenza . 
Intemperance 
Infantile diseases 
Jaundice 

Kidneys, diseases of 
Liver, diseases of 
Lungs, diseases of 

" inflammation 
Lock-jaw . 
Murdered . . 
Mortification . 
Marasmus . 
Measles 



of 



Old age 
Paralysis . 
Pleurisy 
Poison . 
Piles . . . 
Quinsy . 
Rheumatism . 
Rupture 
Spine disease . 
Stillborn . 
Sudden . 
Suffocation 
Scalds . 
Stomach, disease 

" inflammation of 
Scrofula 
Suicide . . 
Strangury . 
Strangulation 
Small-pox . 
Teething . 
Tumor . 
Ulcers . 

Uterus, disease of 
Worms . 
White swelling 

Total . . 



of 



1 

8 

36 

2 

58 

4 

10 

26 

248 

7 

6 

14 

4 

40 

2 

1 

4 

104 

15 

75 

23 

34 

2 

1 

5 

2 

2 

4 

269 

3 

1 

3 

o 

2 

10 

10 

1 

1 

23 

62 

13 

7 

1 



4,122 



76 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 







TO 


so 


CO 


CO 


— 


31 


co 


— 


3-1 


© 


30 


X 


3-1 


•spnoi 


— 


CO 


cc 


CO 


CO 


os 


co 


rH 


© 


30 


© 


CO 


l^ 


CO 


so 


CO 


3-1 


31 


31 


co 


■ - 


rf 


CO 


CO 


CO 


rs 




























co 


•uioq 


rH 


CO 


>o 


30 


l> 


TO 


•_: 


- 


rH 


tH 


© 


"* 


X 


-TIPS 


30 


GO 


CC 


30 


r " H 


CO 


3-1 


r* 


30 


3-1 


GO 


GO 


© 

CO 


a 

M 

a 


fa 


o 


- 


° 


© 


© 


© 


© 


1 


© 


© 


© 


© 


— 


S 


o 


© 


o 


rH 


© 


© 


© 


© 


rH 


° 


© 


© 


30 


A<=> 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


© 


© 


^ 


© 


© 


© 


30 


© 


GO 


o 


& rH 


s 


rH 


1-1 


o 


© 


© 


rH 


© 


- 


rH 


© 


CO 


© 


L^ 


© 


fa* 


o 


30 


© 


co 


3-1 


^ 


"~ 


rH 


CO 


CO 


,H 


CO 


G-l 
GO 


o 

00 


s 


o 


rH 


— 


— 


*— 


3-1 


CO 


30 


SO 


30 


GO 


CO 


os 


© 

00 


fa 


eo 


50 


1 - 


co 


— ' 


L^ 


rH 


rH 


t-» 


CO 


iC 


* 


CO 
UO 




• 


c- 


30 


30 


,_ < 


3-1 


© 


CO 


CO 


GO 


O 


GO 


CO 


co 


s 


























-.-. 


d 


fa 


CO 


O 


t>- 


3-1 


CC 


CO 


CO 


t- 


X 


CO 


■^ 


CO 


© 
1>- 


6 


• 


30 


o 


os 


iO 


CO 


rH 


© 


!>• 


CO 


iO 


»o 


*0 


— . 


co S 


I— 1 












«"H 












X 


d 


fa 


UTj 


rH 


CO 


CO 


rH 


© 


co 


30 


OS 


co 


co 


rH 


os 




1— 1 








i—i 












T- 1 


l^ 


s 


OS 


o 


00 


iO 


rH 


co 


iO 


© 


t^ 


X 


os 


iO 


co 


«s 
















rH 










X 




OS 


r-l 


CO 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


<— 1 


rH 


t- 


os 


X 


© 


d ! fa 




i— 1 




rH 


rH 






1—1 


T ~ l 








rt 


io 


































>o 


CO 


OS 


CO 


OS 


>o 


CO 


30 


co 


L^ 


rfi 


© 


"^ 


« s 


'"-' 


1-1 




r-1 


1-1 


1—1 




3-1 




1-1 


1—1 


rH 


CO 






iO 


rH 


»o 


OS 


CO 


i-H 


CO 


CO 


OS 


© 


-* 


>o 


^^ 


o 


fa 




























"f 
































CO 


rH 


o 


os 


os 


CO 


CO 


CO 


eo 


H 


L-- 


CO 


iO 


w 


s 


3-1 


50 


"* 


1-1 


-j 


3-1 


rH 


3-1 


GO 


30 


rH 


3-1 


30 






CO 


co 


*d 


CO 


t>- 


OS 


os 


rH 


© 


i— 1 


I— | 


r-» 


o 


d 
d 


fa 


T— I 


1-1 




rH 


3-1 


7-1 


rH 


CO 


30 


30 


GO 


j—i 


CO 
30 


. 


CO 


-* 


t>- 


,— 1 


co 


© 


t^ 


© 


CO 


© 


os 


X 


© 


eo 


S3 


CO 


CM 


30 


30 


1-1 


3-1 


r " < 


30 


3-1 


GO 




rH 


30 




OS 


OS 


os 


CO 


OS 


t^ 


co 


X 


O 


os 


^ti 


CO 


co 


d 


fa 


H 






















1—t 


© 


. 


t> 


[> 


CO 


© 


o 


© 


o 


© 


X 


iO 


X 


© 


r^ 


^H 


s 








T " H 




1-1 




rH 








rH 


OS 


d 

i-H 


. 


l> 


CO 


iO 


Tjl 


os 


rH 


OS 


t> 


© 


CO 


OS 


CO 


CO 


fa 












r— 






y—< 






rH 


cs 


M 


CO 


"* 


CO 


© 


CO 


CO 


o 


X 


»o 


© 


X 


l>- 


© 










I-H 












rH 






X 






!>• 


CO 


os 


© 


OS 


C^ 


© 


rH 


CO 


rH 


L-^ 


X 


CO 




fa 


T— ( 






— ~ 






3-1 


i— I 


T— I 


GO 


rH 


GO 


c- 


w 




























H 


. 


o 


so 


CO 


-* 


_l 


L^ 


X 


CO 


!>• 


os 


C^ 


L^ 


© 




S 


rH 


rH 


1-1 


1—1 


1-1 


1-1 




T^ 


30 


rH 


^ H 


CO 


i-H 
GO 




i-H 


rn 


© 


© 


,—1 


l^ 


co 


CO 


CO 


^H 


CO 


t- 


CO 


bj 


rH 


V— i 


1-H 


3-1 


— r 


i— 1 


3-1 


iO 


CO 


rH 


rH 




CO 


CO 




























GO 






OO 


os 


CO 


O 


rH 


T— | 


rH 


!30 


X 


os 


t- 


^* 


-* 




s 






"- 1 


1-1 


,—l 


1-1 


30 


iO 


30 


f—> 


*^ 


rH 


3-1 
CO 






iO 


iO 


-H 


t- 


■X' 


CO 


© 


rr 


t- 


X 


CO 


X 


iO 




fa 


CO 


rH 


3-1 


1-1 


3-1 


1-1 


iO 


X 


"* 


1-1 


CO 


GO 


X 

co 




OS 


Th 


CO 


iO 


© 


■co 


CO 


© 


^H 


GO 


CO 


rH 


eo 


s 


GO 


^H 


3-1 


3-1 


CO 


30 


co 


os 


o 


CO 


CO 


oo 


30 


00 




























<* 


>> 

o3 


>i 


p 


_ 


>> 


ca 




±3 

CO 

bfi 


CP 

a 

cu 

•+5 


3 


CO 

o 

g 

cu 
> 


cu 

a 

cu 




I 






(V 

— 


^H 
^3 


< 


c3 

r"q 


h-j 


►""j 


< 




o 


o 


cu 
Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850, 



77 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1848. 



Accidental .... 


. 68 


Apoplexy 


. 20 


Abscess 


. 6 


Bronchitis 


9 


Burns ...... 


. 4 


Bowels, disease of . 


. 375 


" inflammation of 


. 71 


Bones, disease of 


3 


Bladder, disease of . 


1 


" inflammation of 


1 


Brain, disease of 


. 31 


" inflammation of 


7 


Consumption .... 


. 579 


Convulsions .... 


. 104 


Croup 


. Ill 


Cancer 


. 22 


Canker 


35 


Cholera infantum 


. 59 


Cholera morbus . 


7 


Childbed 


. 61 


Cramp 


2 


Chest, disease of 


3 


Diarrhoea 


32 


Dysentery .... 


27<s 


Debility 


25 


Diseases unknown . 


4 


Dropsy 


57 


" on brain . 


114 


" " chest . . . 


4 


Drowned 


32 


Delirium tremens 


6 


Drinking cold water 


4 


Diabetes 


2 


Dyspepsia .... 


2 


Epilepsy 


1 


Erysipelas .... 


20 


Fever, typhus 


25S 


" scarlet 


177 


" lung .... 


122 


" brain .... 


12 


" slow .... 


12 


" bilious 


5 


" rheumatic 


2 


" pleurisy . 


2 


Fracture 


1 


Gravel 


2 


Hemorrhage 


12 


Hooping-cough . . . . 


33 


Hernia 


1 


Heart disease 


62 



Hip disease i; 

Insanity i 

Influenza 5 

Intemperance . . . . 21 
Infantile diseases . . .277 

Jaundice 3 

Kidney disease .... 5 

Knee disease 2 

Leprosy 1 

Liver, disease of .... 15 

Lung, disease of ... . 6 

u inflammation of . . 68 

Lock-jaw 2 

Marasmus 68 

Measles 16 

Mortification 6 

Murdered 8 

Neuralgia 2 

Nose, disease of ... . 1 

Old age 64 

Paralysis 23 

Pleurisy 20 

Palsy * 8 

Poison 4 

Purpura 1 

Quinsy 1 

Rheumatism 3 

St. Vitus' Dance .... 1 

Spine, disease of ... 13 

Stillborn" 308 

Sudden 3 

Strangury 1 

Scald 1 

Strangulation .... 3 

Stomach, disease of ... 4 

" inflammation of . 1 

Syphilis 5 

Scrofula 7 

Suicide 12 

Small-pox 21 

Spasms 10 

Teething 81 

Tumor 10 

Throat distemper ... 11 

Ulcers 6 

Uterus, disease of . . . 3 

White-swelling .... 1 

Worms 6 

Total 3,972 



78 



Death Returns fi:om 1810 to 1850. 







CO 


_ 


© 


_ 


X 


x 


_ 


o 


K 


00 


-HH 


CO 


© 


•simoi 


o 


t> 


— 


X 


— 


o 


(M 


o 


* 


CM 


^CH 


CO 


t- 


CO 


CO 


'H 




*0 


CO 


^* 


o 


co 


CO 


CM 


co 


© 


















r— 










"O 




fa 


o 


o 


^ 


rt 


o 


o 


O 


CO 


—i 


© 


© 


© 


H 




S 


rH 


rH 


o 


CO 


o 


o 


— 


CO 


o 


© 


© 


© 


t» 




o 


© 


o 


o 


— ' 


© 


o 


o 


© 


© 


© 


© 


^ 


OrH g 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 


o 


rH 


° 


© 


© 


© 


rH 


01 rH 


fa 


CM 


rH 


o 


—1 


— 1 


o 


o 


o 


© 


© 


rH 


o 


l> 






























S 


o 


c 


o 


° 


o 


^ 


rH 


1-1 


© 


© 


© 


© 


CO 


© 
en 
© 

00 


fa 


CO 


ifi> 


CM 


CM 


"<* 


^ 


"- 1 


CO 


CM 


Cm 


-CH 


CO 


— 

CO 


S 


GM 


1-1 


CM 


° 


— ' 


— 


rt 


CO 


"* 


^ 


© 


CM 


X 


© 

00 


fa 


CO 


CO 


O 


t 


OS 


CO 


>o 


i-O 


00 


t> 


CO 


"* 


© 


o 




ICO 


CO 


f 


-* 


CO 


CO 


:: 


co 


Tjl 


CO 


rH 


iO 


!>• 


i- i ei 


























-* 


. 


00 


t^ 


o 


co 


uo 


o 


t>- 


31 


CM 


iO 


© 


X 


i ^ 


o 
t- 

6 


fa 
















C-l 


1-1 


1-1 






rH 


a 


o 


cr> 


00 


CM 


o 


•* 


00 


»o 


© 


o 


CO 


CO 


31 




rH 














— H 


i-H 








t- 


. 


fa 


© 


t>- 


co 


C~ 


o 


X) 


OS 


31 


r- c 


© 


CO 


-* 


31 


CO 

6 










— 






rH 


I-H 








OS 


. 


x 


31 


t>- 


O 


rJH 


X 


GO 


CO 


rH 


© 


iO 


rH 


CM 


s 
















— 


Ol 


1—1 




1-1 


rH 






CM 


31 


">* 


tJi 


OS 


— - 


CO 


uO 


t^ 


X 


** 


t>. 


CO 




fa 


i—i 




— 


— i 




^H 


CN 


-CH 


CM 








X 


d 




























i-H 


. 


[>• 


CO 


o 


Tji 


31 


o 


OS 


rH 


-* 


X 


X 


© 


Cm 


^ 


s 














CM 


CO 


CM 






rH 


Ol 


. 


>o 


uO 


t^ 


CM 


iO 


l> 


CM 


iO 


"* 


CO 


CO 


CM 


© 


d fa 


^^ 


r^ 


rH 


CM 


^^ 


— - 


CM 


X 


cct; 


rH 


rH 


CM 


© 


* 




























01 


o 


. 


o 


o 


r— 


3 


o 


•o 


■>* 


CO 


CO 


© 


co 


«>• 


= 


CO g 


CM 


~^ 


1—1 


co 


1-1 


"^ 


CM 


X 


iO 


CM 


rt 


1-1 


1 CM 

CO 






lr~ 


CM 


L^ 


CO 


o 


iO 


CO 


o 


31 


X 


co 


© 


CO 




fa 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


— 1 


^H 


-M 


co 


rft 


CM 


CM 


<M 


"* 


CO 

d 




























CO 


. 


CD 


31 


co 


co 


31 


>o 


o 


t>. 


t^. 


CO 


CO 


CO 


l> 


CM 


a 


rt 


"-* 


1—1 


CM 


1-1 


(N 


-• 


o 


CM 


CM 


'"" , 


CM 


© 

0! 


d 


fa 


CO 


CO 


CO 


X 


i>" 


X 


CM 


co 


-H 


^H 


CM 


© 


g 


• 


<M 


;,- 


CM 


CO 


CM 


o 


CO 


rH 


co 


X 


© 


"* 


X 


rH 












T-H 




i-H 










cj: 


rH 


fa 


CO 


iO 


00 


"* 


O 


rH 


>o 


o 


CO 


CO' 


■* 


--" 


uO 


o 


• 1 


cm 


T— | 


00 


1— 1 


!>■ 


CO 


"0 


CM 


00 


CM 


CM 


CO 


•* 


3 & | 
















i-H 










uO 


. 


CO 


rH 


o 


31 


CO 


o 


NO 


o 


OS 


L^ 


X 


os 


Cm 


[i, 




CM 


CM 


T-H 


rH 


— 


rH 


CM 










'O 


s 




























i-H 


. 1 


(31 


co 


•o 


CO 


— 


l^ 


CO' 


CM 


CO 


!>• 


CO 


© 


© 




& I 
















ifl 


CM 








X 




. 1 


CM 


■«* 


CO 


rH 


00 


31 


CM 


CM 


© 


X 


© 


X 


CO 




fa 


CO 


CO 


^H 


CM 


CM 


— 


CM 


o 


CM 


^* 




i-H 




US 




























CO 


. 


00 


rH 


CO 


__ 


o 


— . 


r- 1 


■* 


CO 


© 


■o 


iO 


CO 




a 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CM 


CO 


1—1 


CO 


■* 


CM 


,— ' 


1-1 




© 






CM 


o 


X 


CO 


c 


'N 


co 


— ' 


»o 


X 


"O 


uO 


© 




fa 


rH 


CM 


CM 


CM 


r^ 


—i 


r^ 


iO 


•o 


r^ 


r^ 


i-H 


X 


est 

i-i 




























CM 


. 


CO 


'O 


t-» 


00 


X 


31 


co 


«o 


CO 


t^ 


© 


© J 


o 




a 


""" ' 


CM 


CM 


1— 1 


CM 


rH 


"" 


O 


iO 


CM 


CM 


~* 


CM 

CO 






o 


00 


Th 


1— 


CM 


CM 


co 


o 


uO 


Ol 


CM 


© 


[>• 




fa 


CM 


CM 


■<* 


^H 


<N 


7M 


'• 


L^> 


UO 


co 


CM 


co 


CO 


. 


O 


31 


CO 


(31 


»o 


■* 


o 


o 


L^ 


>* 


OS 


CO 


co 


Kn 


w 


CM 


CO 


•"CH 


CO 


■M 


(N 


rh 


X 


(>• 


CO 


CM 


"* 


os 




























T* 


•ujoq 


O 


co 


CO 


CM 


X 


rH 


CO 


© 


*o 


■<* 


Cm 


CO 


© 


-iros 


cm 


CM 


"M 


;~ 


~~ 


'M 


1—1 


CM 


~ 


~* 


CM 


CM 


CM 


Ct 


>> 


>> 












-1-3 
CO 

'CC 


CD 

© 


• 


CD 


CD 

© 




<* 
GO 


03 


7j 

-5 


© 


.© 


>> 


U 


S-. 


2 
S 

+3 


o 

Hi 


3 

CD 

o 


a 

o 








03 


<D 
fa 


kH 
^5 


< 


•H 


1-3 


■^ 


<5 


03 


o 


Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



79 



Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1849. 



Accidental 

Apoplexy 

Abscess 

Asthma 

Anemia 

Bronchitis 

Burns and scalds 

Bowels, disease of 

" inflammation of 

Bladder, disease of 

Bones, " " 

Brain, " " 

" inflammation of 
" Congestion of 

Consumption 

Convulsions 

Croup . 

Cancer . 

Cholera 

1 ' morbus . 
" infantum 

Canker .... 

Cyanosis . 

Childbed diseases 

Cramp .... 

Chicken-pox . 

Diarrhea . 

Dysentery . 

Debility 



Diseases unknown 
Dropsy .... 

" of brain . 
Drowned . 
Delirium tremens 
Drinking cold water 
Diabetis 
Epilepsy . 
Erysipelas 

Executed for murder 
Fever, scarlet 

" lung . . 

" typhus 

" brain . 

" typhoid 

" pleurisy . 

" rheumatic . 
Fever (not classed) 



64 

22 

5 

3 

2 

6 

15 

264 

53 

2 

1 

50 

15 

25 

644 

86 

72 

18 

611 

47 

60 

30 

4 

72 

3 

1 

118 

277 

39 

60 

74 

157 

31 

12 

11 

4 

6 

59 

1 

317 

152 

119 

.".2 

30 

25 

7 

21 



Fracture 1 

Hemorrhage 15 

Hooping-cough .... 36 

Homicide 1 

Heart, disease of 82 

Hip, " " ... 5 

Influenza 8 

Intemperance . . . . 15 

Infantile diseases . . . 328 

Kidneys, disease of . . . 6 

Liver, " " . . 16 
Lungs, inflammation of .113 

" disease of ... 16 

Mortification 1 

Marasmus 79 

Measles 209 

Neuralgia 1 

Old age 95 

Phlegmasia Dolens ... 1 

Palsy 27 

Purulent absorption . 1 

Poison 1 

Peritonitis 6 

Purpura 1 

Pustule malignant ... 1 

Quinsy 3 

Rheumatism 3 

Spine, disease of 8 

Scrofula 1'.' 

Suffocation 2 

Stomach, disease of . . . 9 
Stomach and bowels, in- 
flammation of ... 5 

Syphilis 4 

Scurvy 1 

Suicide 11 

Starvation on ship-board . 3 

Small-pox 21 

Teething 161 

Tumor 17 

Throat, disease of . 6 

Ulcers 4 

Worms 7 

Total 5,079 

Still born 250 



80 



Death Returns from 1810 to 1<s50. 







CO 


•^ 


o 


CO 


— 


as 


rH 


CO 


CO 


rH 


as 


as 


t>- 


■spnox 


t-H 


OS 


o 


as 


o 


t«- 


l^ 


as 


Ol 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


CO 


GM 


CO 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


GM 


GM 


CO 


co 




























co 


05© 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


l-H 


C 


o 


o 


o 


O 


o 


rH 


Oh 


s 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


© 


o 


o 


o 


o 


° 


o 


O 


CSrH 


fa 


o 


o 


o 


rH 


o 


7-1 


rH 


T-H 


CM 


CO 


GM 


r-l 


GM 

i-H i 


s 


o 


i-H 


o 


, ~ l 


'-' 


o 


O 


1-1 


o 


o 


^ 


o 


iO 


d 
© 

00 


fa 


~ 


CO 


co 


CM 


CO 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


GM 


GM 


CO 


s 


i-H 


o 


CO 


CO 


rH 


i— i 


CM 


rH 


CM 


CO 


"- 1 


© 


X 


6 

00 

© 


fa 


co 


T 


T-H 


CO 


CO 


co 


>o 


CM 


CO 


L^ 


O 


>o 


- 


s* 


iO 


CO 


co 


eo 


■"# 


CO 


rH 


"# 


"* 


■* 


GM 


IO 


^ 


i~ 


























^* 


© 
© 


fa 


«<0 


T-H 


i - 


CO 


as 


L^ 


'" 


<* 


uo 


CO 


CO 


GM 


co 
X 


•_: 


» 


CO 


GM 


T-H 


CO 


"0 


t> 


CO 


GM 


CO 


TjH 


X 


Th 


© a 








^~< 


















l>- 


© 
© 

© 


fa 


'- 


L-» 


<M 


CM 


t> 


as 


-* 


o 

H 


"O 


CO 


L-^. 


o 


co 


s 


GM 


CO 


CO 


^ 


-* 


iO 


as 


rH 


GM 


"* 


L^ 


t» 


as 


lO 






H 




t- 1 






rH 










as 




. 


CO 


L^ 


i-H 


CM 


as 


i- 


t^ 


t^ 


"0 


r-l 


as 


o 


X 


© 


fa 


^ 




rH 


r-l 












rH 




1—t 


o 


US 

d 




























rH 


. 


>o 


"* 


rH 


"* 


CO 


T— 1 


— 


CO 


as 


CO 


co 


as 


X 


«* 


s 


1-1 




T-H 


T-H 


"* 


*"" ' 




1-1 


1-1 








2 




. 


CO 


CO 


co 


CO 


•4 


rH 


o 


CO 


t> 


rH 


i^. 


t^ 


o 


© 


fa 


*-< 


i-H 


T— 1 


T-H 


t-H 


T-H 


CM 


rH 




rH 


t-H 


rH 


L^ 


1* 
© 




























T-H 


. 


«o 


CO 


■<* 


rH 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


•X 


id 


rH 


CO 


as 


CO 


s 


I-H 


T-H 


CM 


gm 




CM 


CM 


rH 


T-H 


t-H 


rH 


^ 


as 

T-H 




. 


CO 


cm 


as 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CM 


as 


as 


co 


GM 


o 


fc~ 


© 


fa 


rH 


GM 


cm 


CM 


CM 


CM 


i— 1 


rH 


T-H 


T-H 


l-H 


CO 


^ 


eo 
d 


. 


























GM 


lO 


CO 


CO 


-* 


rH 


rH 


CO 


l^ 


o 


CO 


I>- 


co 


X 


W 


s 


GM 


T-H 


rH 


1—1 


CM 


CM 


T-H 


^ 


CM 


GM 


" 


l-H 


GM 
GM 


o 
r-i 


fa 


o 


OS 


t- 


>o 


CO 


rH 

— 


-* 


CO 


f- 


L^ 


t^ 


CO 


s 


s 


GM 


■^ 


co 


CM 


iO 


CO 


"** 


'- 


"* 


GM 


iO 


o 


GM 


i-H 

d 

rH 


fa 


CM 


CO 


»o 


CO 


ict 


CO 


CM 


CM 


^ 


T-H 


GM 


CO 


GM 

CO 


s 


rH 


CM 


CO 


T-H 


L^ 


CO 


- 1 


^ 


CO 


o 


T— 1 


CO 


- 

co 


d 

rH 


fa 


CO 


-* 


CO 


o 

T-H 


t~ 


!>> 


MO 


CO 


>o 


O 


o 


CO 


g 


s 


o 


OS 


CM 

rH 


L^ 


L^ 


as 


t"- 


X 


CO 


co 


"0 


X 


§ 




fa 


T-H 


l> 


OS 


as 


as 


co 


CO 


I>. 


X 


CO 


X 


as 


GM 


UO 


i-H 
























OS 


. 


CO 


co 


L^ 


o 


as 


as 


«tf 


co 


co 


CO 


X 


CO 


GM 




s 




T-H 




t-H 
















rH 


o 




























tH 


eo 


fa 


CO 


CM 


as 


CO 


CO 


-o 


as 


as 


GM 


iO 


iO 


as 


X 
X 


. 


-H 


CO 


as 


CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


«<* 


rH 


l^ 


co 


^ 


«o 1 




s 


T-H 










rt 




rH 


1-1 






i— i 


2 






CM 


CM 


CO 


CO 


CO 


■<* 


co 


t>. 


o 


■* 


CO 


X 


© 




fa 
















CM 


CO 


i-H 


T-H 


^^ 


o 


est 




























GM 

as- 


. 


co 


T-H 


CM 


CO 


as 


rH 


CO 


as 


GM 


rH 


GM 


o 




w 


T-H 


GM 


CM 


rH 


rH 


H 


I-H 


CM 


CO • 


GM 


GM 


GM 


eo ! 






























GM 


. 


, 


1^ 


CO 


1- 


"* 


rH 


as 


CM 


CO 


X 


O 


o 


X 


GM 




fa 


CO 


co 


GM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


■* 


CO 


CO 


CO 


co 


GM 


i—{ 




























•*)* 




T— 1 


CO 


CO 


rH 


CO 


CO 


a. 


CM 


"* 


rH 


X 


GM 


L>- 


Kh 


S3 


^ 


GM 


"<* 


CO 


GM 


CM 


CO 


l^ 


iO 


CO 


CO 


eo 


co 
-<* 


•ujoq 


T-H 


>o 


CO 


as 


O 


tH 


t~ 


CO 


CM 


eo 


GM 


as 


CO 


-ims 


CM 


T-H 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


CM 


"* 


GM 


T-H 




GM 






>-, 
















• 


3 






© 


■— } 


03 
S 

cu 














r2 


■_ 


-Q 


j=> 




a 

t— 


s 


3 

a 


CJ 


< 


8 


a 

►>8 


1-8 


2 
Si) 

< 


GO 


rQ 
O 

o 

O 


g 

cu 

r* 

o 


g 

CJ 

o 
o 

Q 





Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 



81 



Diseases and Causes of Deaths in Boston in 1850. 



Accidental . . . 

Abscess 

Apoplexy . . . 

Anemia 

Asthma . . ; 

Bronchitis . 

Burns and Scalds 

Bowels, disease of 

" inflammation of 

Bladder, disease of 

Brain, disease of 

" inflammation of 
" congestion of 

Consumption . 

Convulsions . 

Croup . 

Cancer . . . 

Chorea . 

Cholera 



" infantum 

" morbus 
Canker . 
Chicken-pox . 
Cyanosis . 
Childbirth . . 
Cramp . 
Diarrhoea . 
Dysentery . 
Debility . • 
Disease unknown 
Dropsy 

" of Brain 
Drowned . 
Delirium Tremens 
Drinking cold water 
Diabetes . 
Epilepsy . • 
Executed . 
Erysipelas . 
Exhaustion 
Fever . . . 

" typhus . 

" typhoid 

" scarlet . 

" lung 

" puerperal 



36 

9 

27 

4 

1 

12 

20 

1 II 

62 

1 
45 
31 
L5 
586 
L29 
87 
29 

1 

1 
36 

7 
36 

1 

1 
38 

2 

48 

136 

22 

43 

72 

157 

23 

12 

1 

1 

2 

1 

65 

14 

16 

61 

43 

69 

165 



of 



tion of 



Fever brain 

" rheumatic 
Fractures . 
Gout 
Hernia . 
Hemorrhage . 
Hooping-cough 
Heart, disease of 
Hip, disease of 
Influenza . 
Intemperance . 
Infantile diseases 
Intusseption . 
Kidneys, disease 
Liver, disease of 
Lungs, congestion of 

" in flam ma 
Mortification . 
Malformation . 
Marasmus . 
Measles . . 
Neuralgia . . 
Old Age . . 
Palsy . . • 
Poison . 
Peritonitis . 
Pleurisy 
Purpura 
Quinsy ._ . . 
Rheumatism . 
Spine, disease of 
Scrofula . . 
Suffocation 
Stomach, disease of 

" Inflammation 

Syphilis 
Suicide . 
Small-pox . 
Strangulation 
Teething . 
Tumor . 

Throat, diseases of 
Ulcer . . 
Worms . . 



of 



Total 3,667 



82 Vital Statistics Revised. 



APPENDIX A. 

As there may be some value in comparisons based on these 
statistics, it seems proper to show the exact figures of Boston 
Births, Marriages, and Deaths, in contrast with those heretofore 
given out. I submit therefore the following tables from 184U to 
to 1892, with explanations : 

Births. 

The births in Boston were all collected annually in January by 
persons employed under a contract. These returns were received 
about March or April, and were sent to the State authorities by 
May. The City Registrar's reports were prepared from the same 
data as those printed in the Secretary's report for the whole Com- 
monwealth, and a close correspondence between them was to be 
expected. But in every year returns continued to be made, so 
that the Registrar's books contain now more births than appear in 
those reports. The true returns give about two per cent, more in 
many years, but the percentage is not constant. 

Deaths. 

As the deaths are necessarily reported and recorded day by day, 
the agreement between the record and the reports should be very 
close. Of course one or two returns may come in after January, 
but it will be seen that the Registrar's printed reports are often 
exactly l'ight. The Secretary's reports differ slightly, showing 
the impossibility of perfect uniformity in returns made by different 
authorities from the same data. 

Marriages. 

Under this head the greatest discrepancies will naturally be 
found. When the license is given out, no time can be set for its 
return. The parties may defer marriage for months or years, and 
the minister or justice may be delinquent in returning the certifi- 
cate after marriage. In many cases the delay has exceeded a 
year. I cannot explain the reason for the fact that prior to 1879 
the Secretary's report usually gives less marriages than the Regis- 



Vital Statistics Revised. 83 

trar's report does. The correct figures are sufficiently larger to 
make all statistics of very doubtful value. 

It will be noted that from 187'.) to 1891 the City Registrar's 
reports give many more marriages than are on the city record or 
in the Secretary's reports. It is almost beyond doubt that in 1871) 
the Registrar incorporated into the total of his marriages not only 
those celebrated in this city, but the return from other cities and 
towns in this State, where one party belonged in Boston. We 
have in this office two volumes of such marriages, and the follow- 
ing facts may be of use. The records of these marriages show as 
follows : 



1854 to 1867 


290 


1875 . . 


230 


1867 . . 


195 


1876 






198 


1868 . . 


164 


1877 






211 


1869 . . 


187 


1878 






234 


1870 . . 


209 


187'.) 






262 


1871 . . 


244 


1880 






331 


1872 . . 


280 


1881 






388 ! 

i 


1873 . . 


249 


1882 






440 


1874 . . 


244 


1883 






. 430 



1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 



452 
456 
551 
539 
578 
594 
617 
595 
681 



It seems also that marriages of Bostonians, solemnized out of the 
Commonwealth, have usually been recorded and numbered among 
the marriages performed in the city. From one point of view this 
is incorrect, and yet such data are not only required by law, but 
are of interest. It is beyond question that most of such marriages 
are not reported, however, and the penalty inflicted by the present 
law is very slight. There seems to be no reason why the notice 
should not be given and the certificate issued in advance in all 
these cases of intended foreign marriages. 

W. II. WHITMORE. 



84 



Vital Statistics Revised. 



( Actually recorded . 

1849 ; City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

i Actually recorded . 

1850 I City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1851 -j City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1852 ■] City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1853 < City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1854 j City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1855 « City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1856 - City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1857 -j City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1858 -] City Registrar's Report 
(State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1859 - City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 



Still 
Born. 



250 



256 



251 



•236 



221 



2-1 3 



228 



273 



271 



249 



292 



Births. 

5,090 

5,068 
4,886 

5,298 
5,226 
5,279 

5,366 
5,338 
5,338 

5,339 
5,308 

5,308 

5,633 

5,596 
5,555 

5,721 
5,688 

5,687 

5,845 
5,816 
5,816 

5,971 
5,922 
5,897 

5,295 
5,(S8L 
5,877 

5,671 
5,597 
5,595 

5,969 
5,895 
5,913 



Mar- 
riages. 



765* 
1,176 
1,187 

2,541 
2,467 

2,467 

2,894 
2,863 
2,863 

2,734 
2,686 
2,686 

2,872 
2,855 
2,853 

3,170 
3,128 
3,128 

2,899 

2,855 
2,855 

2,614 
2,536 
2,528 

2,492 

2,3*5 
2,386 

2,233 
2,155 
2,155 

2,530 
2,481 

2,481 



Deaths. 



5,329 

5,079 
5,071 

3,667 

3,667 
3,667 

3,855 
3,855 

3,855 

3,736 

3,736 
3,736 

4,286 
4,284 
4,284 

4,443 

1,141 
4,401 

4,085 
4,080 
4,080 

4,258 

4,253 
4,252 

3,959 
3,958 
3,958 

3,841 

3,840 
3,840 

3,738 
3,738 
3,737 



* The official record of marriages begun July 1, 1849. 



Vital Statistics Revised. 



85 



f Actually recorded* 

1860 -] City Registrar's Report 
(^ State Report 

f Actually recorded * . 

1861 ■] City Registrar's Report 
(^ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1862 -j City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1863 ] City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1864 ] City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

5 Actually recorded . 
City Registrar's Report 
State Report 

{Actually recorded . 
City Registrar's Report 
State Report 

^ Actually recorded . 

1867 < City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded f 

1868 ] City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

C Actually recorded . 

1869 ] City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded j 

1870 ■] City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 



Still 
Born. 



3G1 



352 



373 



:',!) 



408 



•27 



504 



Births. 



5,896 
5,765 
5,733 

5,824 
5.789 
5,594 

5,345 

5,258 
5,258 

5,281 
5,255 
5,245 

5,014 
4.992 
4,994 

5,360 
5,275 

5,275 

5,565 
5,543 

5,543 

5.924 

5,893 
5,892 

7,409 
7,102 
7,075 

7,436 
7,405 
7,405 

8,138 
8,092 
8,073 



Mar- 
riages. 



Deaths. 



2,530 
2,522 

2,484 

2,172 
2,166 
2,147 

2,141 
2,094 
2,094 

2,363 
2,322 
2,322 

2,801 
2,736 
2,736 

2,772 
2,727 
2,726 

2,872 
2,. sir. 
2,828 

2,937 
2,897 

2,820 

3,253 

3,138 
3,046 

3,390 
3,378 
3,286 

3,527 
3,492 
3,340 



4,390 
4,390 
4,389 

3,965 
3,965 
3,963 

4,125 

4,120 
4,104 

4,701 
4,699 
4,699 

5,115 
5,111 

5,109 

4,551 
4,541 
4,541 

4,382 
4,379 
4,377 

4,422 
4,421 
4,421 

5,520 
5,519 
5,519 

5,524 
5,523 
5,494 

6,100 
6,098 
6,098 



* No City Report issued. 



f Koxbury first added. 



X Dorchester first added. 



86 



Vital Statistics Revised. 



( Actually recorded . 
1S?1 2 City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 
is; % ■ City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 
1873 City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 



1874 



! Actually recorded * 
City Registrar's Report 
Sta 



State Report 



I Actually recorded . 
1875-1 City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

{Actually recorded . 
City Registrar's Report 
State Reports . 

{Actually recorded . 
City Registrar's Report 
State Report 

C Actually recorded . 

1878 •] City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1879 •] City Registrar's Report f 
(_ State Report 

C Actually recorded . 

1880 - City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

( Actually recorded . 
1SS1 City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 



Still 
Born. 



543 



560 



;, i r, 



642 



511 



491 



469 



41 



457 



435 



5 IS 



Births. 



568 
555 
518 

335 

270 
244 

748 

688 
(172 

773 
717 
697 

120 

020 
984 

866 
773 

751 

609 
530 
494 

271 
185 
160 

356 
200 
165 

741 
654 
573 

634 
530 
463 



Mar- 
riages. 



Deaths. 



3,767 
3,714 
3,589 

3,857 
3,762 
3,610 

3,941 
3,883 
3,724 

4,088 
4,049 
3,891 

3,487 
3,416 
3,311 

3,007 
2,981 
2,814 

2,914 

2,873 
2,767 

3,069 
3,032 
2,892 

3,238 
3,461 
3,039 

3,672 
3,973 

3,488 

4,073 
4,370 
3,813 



5,892 

;,..snn 

5,888 

8,091 
8,090 
8,088 

7,869 
7,869 
7,868 

7,813 
7,812 
7,812 

8,958 
8,958 
8,925 

8,203 
8,203 
8,196 

7,284 
7,284 
7,284 

7,677 
7,677 
7,677 

7,435 
7,435 
7,406 

8,612 
8,612 
8,592 

9,097 
9,097 
9,075 



* t Iharlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton included. 
t See notes about marriages, ante, p. S3. 



Vital Statistics Revised. 



87 



( Actually recorded . 

1882 City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 

C Actually recorded . 

1883 - City Registrar's Report 
(_ Slate Report 



( Actually recorded . 

1884 a City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . . 

1885 - City Registrar's Report 
(_ State Report 



( Actually recorded . 
1886 - City Registrar's Re 
(_ State Report 



port 



( Actually recorded . 

1887 - City Registrar's Report 
(State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1888 •] CitV Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1889 -, City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1890 - City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

f Actually recorded . 

1891 - City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 

( Actually recorded . 

1892 ■% City Registrar's Report 
( State Report 



Still 
Born. 



520 



509 



516 



523 



557 



535 



571 



608 



636 



G25 



644 



Births. 



11,112 
10,986 
10,927 

11,400 
11,302 
11,206 

11,591 
1 1 ,4 79 
11,372 

11,589 
11,496 
11,373 

12,079 
11,990 
11,864 

12,306 
12,137 
12,048 

12,803 
12,613 
12,534 

12,993 

12,7H7 
12,650 

13.352 
13,145 
13,137 

14,540 
13,957 
14,248 

15,180 
15,154 



Mar- 
riages. 



4,236 
4,631 
4,012 

4,338 
4,702 
4,054 

4,197 
4,624 
3,963 

4,276 
4,7'7 
4,021 

4,498 

5,009 
4,194 

4,830 
5,347 
4,563 

4,949 
5,517 

4,688 

5,207 

5,774 
4,865 

5,293 
5,831 
4,937 

5,511 
5,929 
5,163 

5,711 

5,670 



Deaths. 



9, 

8. 

9. 
9. 

9. 

9. 
9. 

9. 

9, 
9. 
9. 

9, 
9. 
9. 

K) 

10 

10 

10, 
10. 
10, 

10, 
10, 
10. 

10 

!() 
K) 

10, 
10, 
10, 

11 
1 1 



,017 
015 

999 



747 
747 
716 

623 
622 
605 

622 

622 
608 

265 
265 
240 

,077 
,077 
,030 

200 
200 
190 

256 
258 
239 

179 
178 
126 

573 
572 
536 

,241 
,241 



* See notes about marriages, ante, p. S3. 



